铬铁矿热炉炉役后期护炉冶炼生产实践

在铁合金企业,随着冶炼时间的延长,矿热炉逐渐进入炉役后期,炉体内部耐火材料长期受高温熔渣侵蚀,导致炉体内衬变薄,严重影响着矿热炉冶炼指标的优化和炉体安全稳定运行,通过采取"内养外护"措施,实施矿热炉护炉冶炼,达到延长矿热炉炉役寿命的目的。     

无渣冶炼矿热炉炉体破损研究

无渣冶炼矿热炉随着炉体运行时间的延长,炉体内部耐火材料受高温铁水冲刷及氧化侵蚀变薄,严重影响矿热炉的安全运行。本文通过对无渣冶炼矿热炉炉体拆除过程中破损原因的调查与分析,为今后矿热炉冶炼过程中如何保护炉体内部薄弱区域提供理论指导,达到延长炉体运行时间的目的。     

低铁耗条件下120 t转炉护炉工艺研究与实践

为了保证钢产量,提高废钢用量,降低护炉的成本以及提高经济效益,通过理论及生产实践,从冶炼护炉、溅渣护炉、日常补炉三方面着手对转炉低铁耗冶炼进行研究,并针对炉况侵蚀情况提出了改进措施。通过降低铁水比,减轻了因转炉冶炼热量不足、终点命中率低、后吹率高、终点钢水过氧化多而造成的转炉炉衬侵蚀严重和转炉漏钢事故。结果表明,通过低铁耗生产模式的运行,使得转炉操作技能得到质的飞跃。     

首钢2号高炉冶炼专家系统的开发与应用

首钢2号高炉冶炼专家系统由炉体状态、热状态和顺行状态入手,全面判断高炉冶炼进程,具有功能广泛、实用性强的特点。投入运行一年多的实践表明,炉墙结厚和烧穿的预报命中率达到98％以上,异常炉况预报命中率为90％以上。     

AOD炉的高效化冶炼模型

 以往的AOD炉高效化冶炼研究往往通过提高供氧强度,优化转炉的炉容比,提高终点命中率等技术缩短冶炼周期,需要充分利用现有的设备,优化炉料结构和供氧制度,对生产工艺参数进行优化,充分利用这些物理热和化学热,实现AOD炉的高效化冶炼。开发了AOD炉高效化冶炼模型,在AOD炉物料平衡和能量平衡的基础上,结合AOD炉冶炼的工艺特征,建立AOD炉耗氧量和冶炼周期模型,分析了AOD炉冶炼周期随着铁水比和废钢比的变化趋势,得出冶炼周期最短时的炉料结构。结果表明：电炉不锈钢母液加铁水冶炼时,冶炼周期随着铁水比的增加而增加。电炉不锈钢母液加废钢冶炼时,冶炼周期随着废钢比的增加而增加。铁水加废钢冶炼时,冶炼周期随着废钢比的增加而延长。以硅铁为发热剂比以碳粉为发热剂冶炼周期短。     

小高炉扩容改造中采用整体顶升法

福建龙岩钢铁厂原有两座40m~3小高炉,1980年以前采用焦炭搭配部分白煤、型焦进行冶炼,故炉型较矮胖,高径比为3.04。1981年以后采用全焦冶炼,原设计炉型就很不适应。为了改善冶炼进程,于1983年4月利用大修机会对2号高炉进行了修改炉型的扩容改造。改造后的高炉有效炉容为49m~3,高径比为3.72。投产运行以来取得明显的冶炼效果。这里仅将改造的施工方法简要地介绍于下,以供参考。改造是在原来炉壳托圈处对接一段     

炼钢厂复合吹炼（LD—CB）技术

1990年6月12日炼钢厂3号转炉复合吹炼正式投入运行,接着1号、2号转炉也先后投入运行,历时4个多月已冶炼了1000多炉,冶炼正常,设备运行良好,且已明显地显示了复合吹炼的优越性。本文就有关技术内容作一简介。     

LF炉外精炼自动化冶炼研究与应用

针对唐钢一钢轧厂150 t LF炉外精炼自动化冶炼可行性展开研究,对LF炉外精炼炉冶炼过程中温度、成分、钢渣等变化参数进行统计分析,优化二级冶炼模型,结合LF炉外精炼炉实际冶炼过程步骤,制定出完整的LF炉外精炼自动化冶炼程序并在实际生产中进行了应用,实现LF炉外精炼温度、成分自动化冶炼。     

首钢2号高炉治炼专家系统的开发与应用

首钢２号高炉冶炼专家系统由炉体状态，热状态和顺行状态入手，全面判断高炉冶炼进程，具有功能广泛，实用性强的特点，投入运行一年多的实践表明，炉墙结厚和烧穿的预报命中率达到９８％以上，异常炉况预报命中率为９０％以上。     

LF炉与中频炉双联冶炼高合金钢工艺实践

对LF炉与中频炉双联冶炼高合金工艺实践进行了分析、研究。结果表明,采用LF炉与中频炉双联冶炼高合金钢能有效降低LF炉冶炼时间,提高合金回收率,减少高合金钢中的夹杂,具有良好的应用效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.