粉末固定化白腐菌处理焦化废水的研究

以木屑为载体固定化白腐菌对焦化废水进行处理,其对COD的去除率明显高于白腐菌菌丝和木屑的混合物.研究表明,白腐菌对焦化废水有较好的处理效果,3 d COD的去除率可达84.89%.固定化的白腐菌降解焦化废水的适宜pH为5.5-7.0,最佳pH为6.5;适宜温度为25~35℃,最佳温度为30℃.     

固定化白腐真菌降解焦化废水的动力学研究

采用木屑固定化白腐真菌并对焦化废水进行处理,有机物降解的宏观动力学符合一级反应动力学,动力学模式为lnS=-Kt＋lnS0。在15~30℃范围内反应速率常数K随温度升高不断增大,在30~40℃范围内反应速率常数K随温度升高不断降低,在30℃时反应速率常数最大K=0.0265 h-1。     

白腐真菌降解焦化废水的试验研究

对白腐真菌生化降解焦化废水的效果进行了初步探讨,试验结果表明,白腐真菌可以有效降解焦化废水中的COD物质。在焦化废水中加入一定量的营养物质,能提高CODCr去除率;投加一定量的木质素时,诱发了白腐真菌对芳香化合物的共代谢降解方式,白腐真菌的生化降解速度得到有效提高：木质素与营养物质同时投加时,由于它们具有良好的协同作用,使白腐真菌降解焦化废水的效果达到最佳,4d后CODCr去除率为82％。     

吸附法固定化白腐真菌的研究

研究了不同的固定化方式、吸附载体及载体体积对吸附法固定化白腐真菌去除苯酚和COD的影响.结果表明,直接吸附效果较佳,16 h时苯酚去除率达到100%、COD去除率约为97%;稻草粉末、棉花秆粉末、麸皮、花生壳粉末、木屑、玉米芯、丝瓜囊、活性炭等载体中丝瓜囊效果最佳,15 h时苯酚去除率为100%、COD去除率约为96%;载体体积对COD和苯酚的去除率影响不同,粉末状花生壳在提高苯酚去除率的同时会降低COD去除率.     

白腐真菌处理氯酚化合物的研究

本文以2-CP为氯酚类化合物的模型物,研究了白腐真菌糙皮侧耳在不同时间、不同温度、不同p H等环境因素对2-CP去除效果的影响。结果表明反应的最适合温度为35℃,最适合p H为4.0,在最佳条件下,2-CP去除率可达到96%。     

聚乙烯醇缩丁醛生产废水的处理方法

研究了白腐真菌对PVB生产废水处理能力,结果表明,驯化后的白腐真菌对难降解的PVB生产废水有良好的生化降解性能。在最佳的实验条件下,白腐真菌处理工艺对CODCr去除率可达91%,其处理条件为:将PVB生产废水稀释2倍、温度控制在33～36℃、白腐真菌培养天数为3 d、葡萄糖加入量为3. 8 g。     

细菌纤维素负载白腐真菌处理染料废水

实验中分别采用三种方法固定化白腐真菌处理染料废水.结果表明:细菌纤维素静态吸附法固定化的白腐真菌对甲基橙、刚果红、次甲基蓝和孔雀石绿废水的处理效果最好,对单一染料废水的去除率均达到98％以上,对混合染料废水的色度去除率也达92％以上,且固定化菌反复处理六批染料废水,处理效果未见明显下降.细菌纤维素作为固定化载体还具有生物可降解、固定化操作简单等特点,适合于工业化生产.     

次氯酸钠—硫酸铝联合处理焦化废水的研究

选用硫酸铝与次氯酸钠联合作用处理焦化废水,考察了投加量配比、pH值和温度三个因素对焦化废水中COD和NH3-N去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,反应最佳条件是:硫酸铝投加量为20 g/L,次氯酸钠投加量为90 mg/L,pH值为8,温度为30～40℃,此时色度和浊度明显减弱,COD的去除率可达到59.52%,NH3-N去除率可达到41.27%。     

焦化废水降解优势菌的驯化及其降解特性研究

从某焦化废水处理站曝气池的活性污泥中筛选到6株优势菌,通过比较6株优势菌对焦化废水的降解特性,最终筛选到1株具有较强降解能力的菌株,该菌株对焦化废水的COD去除率为67.26%、挥发酚去除率为59.07%、色度去除率为45.26%。优势菌生长曲线分析表明,最佳工艺参数F/M值为3 000~60 000 kg BOD_5·(kgMLSS·d)~(-1)。单因素实验和正交实验结果表明,各因素对优势菌降解能力的影响大小依次为:温度通气量废水pH值,最佳降解环境为:废水pH值7、温度30℃、通气量0.8 L·min~(-1),此时,对焦化废水的处理效果最佳,COD去除率平均值达到88.14%。     

固定化有效微生物群脱氮性能的研究

采用聚乙烯醇-硼酸交联法制备固定化有效微生物群(EM),探讨了固定化EM脱氮性能。结果表明固定化EM投加质量浓度为50g/L,pH值为6.2～11.2,28～32℃,装料系数为20%～40%时,培养48h,固定化EM对硝酸盐的去除率最佳,硝酸盐的去除率达到了100%。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。