龙泉山断裂带地震活动性浅析

通过对龙泉山断裂带东坡断裂和西坡断裂的地震活动性研究,表明该带是一条活断层。历史地震记载和现今地震活动均呈现沿断裂带分布,地震活动呈现周期性和南北跳迁的特点,近10年来地震监测资料表明该带地震活动在增强。     

2001年10月27日永胜6.0级地震的成因探讨

2001年10月27日云南永胜发生6．0级地震，笔者先后参加了地震现场灾害损失评估和震后野外科学考察。考察表明，这次地震发生在程海断裂金沙江段上，断裂以左旋走滑活动为主。程海断裂分为8段，各段的垂直差异运动不均匀，金沙江段中更新世以来的垂直位错速率为0．4mm/a，远远低于程海断裂的垂直位错平均速率(2．0mm／a)，从而使金沙江段成为断裂左旋走滑活动的构造障碍段。永胜6．0级地震之前，金沙江段处于程海断裂带上强震活动的“空段”内。程海断裂控制下的次级块体——滇西北块体与滇中块体的边界沿程海断裂作相向运动。在此运动过程中，程海断裂有全线贯通无阻的趋势，构造障碍段和强震活动的围空段有利于构造应力集中、积累，从而孕育和发生了永胜6．0级地震。苏家庄—山岗辅段垂直位错速率仅为0．3mm/a，同时也处于强震活动的围空段内，在程海断裂的贯通过程中成为新的构造障碍段，极有可能成为未来M≥6．0地震的危险地段。     

蒙古阿尔泰东缘新发现的地震地表破裂带

阿尔泰构造带的活动断裂主要为NW—NNW向。按构造位置可分为阿尔泰西缘活动断裂带、阿尔泰中央活动断裂带和阿尔泰东缘活动断裂带。阿尔泰东缘活动构造带由科布多(Hovd)活动断裂带、哈尔乌苏湖(Har Us)活动断裂带2条大型右旋走滑活动断裂和中间的挤压盆地带构成。在2条走滑断裂带上,前人发现多处地震地表破裂带。通过对阿尔泰东缘构造带中南段地区的野外调查,在哈尔乌苏湖断裂带中段的Jargalant断裂、科布多断裂带南段的Tugen gol断裂上新发现地震地表破裂带。其中,沿Jargalant断裂地震地表破裂带长约50km,右旋位错量约4~5m,是一次规模大、活动较新的破裂事件。可见,在阿尔泰东缘活动断裂带的不同断裂段上均有保存较好的地震地表破裂,显示阿尔泰东缘是活动强烈的地震构造带     

小江断裂带晚第四纪活动研究综述

小江断裂带是川滇菱形块体的东南边界断裂,是大型左旋走滑断裂。在总结已有研究成果的基础上,概述了小江断裂带空间展布、滑动速率、地震活动特征、强震地表破裂特征、地震危险性等方面的研究进展。已有研究结果表明,小江断裂带可分为北段、中段、南段,其中中段又可分为东支和西支。整条断裂带全新世的滑动速率为10 mm/a左右,其中北段和中段滑动速率为8～12 mm/a,南段滑动速率小于8 mm/a。小江断裂带沿线及周边地区地震频发,北段、中段地震活动性明显高于南段,强震活动具有明显的时空不均匀性,南段和巧家-东川段为地震空区,具有较高的强震危险性。通过对小江断裂带的论述,认为小江断裂带南段穿过红河断裂并向南延伸,但小江断裂带向南延伸模式及小江断裂带南段速度亏损是否由曲江断裂、石屏-建水断裂和红河断裂吸收,小江断裂带古地震是否与曲江断裂、石屏-建水断裂古地震相互影响,“Y”字形构造带吸收和调节模式还需进一步研究。     

龙泉山活动断裂带及其潜在地震能力的探讨

本文根据测龄样品的断代分析、地壳形变测量以及沿断裂带的地震活动等对龙泉山断裂带的活动性进行了讨论。并根据断层的几何结构分段特征，运用活断层长度与地震震级的关系，探讨了该断裂带的潜在地震能力。结果表明，龙泉山断裂带属一条中、晚更新世有活动的断裂带。有历史地震史料记载以来，发生最大的一次地震是１９６７年仁寿大林场５．５级地震，近代地震活动主要以中、小地震活动为主，因此该断裂带属一条中强活动断裂带。从地震活动看，断裂带中南段的活动强度相对北段要大；西坡断裂的活动强度又大于东坡断裂，且西坡断裂具有较明显的分段活动特征。该断裂带上未来可能发生地需的最大震级为５．５±０．５级。     

抚松ML5．0级地震及浑江断裂带地震活动性研究

2009年8月5日在吉林省抚松县发了MML5.0级地震,这次地震发生在浑江断裂带的NE端,是该带历史上发生的最大一次地震.本文介绍和研究了这次地震的基本情况及其与断裂构造的关系,详细的研究了浑江断裂带的地震活动性,并对未来地震趋势进行了预测.     

中国大陆主要强震断裂带超长地震活动期的划分和对比

根据古地震和历史地震研究了强震断裂带－阿尔金带、祁连山带、阿尼玛卿山带、鲜水河带、金沙江－红河带和汾渭带的地震活动。划分了超长地震活动期。     

唐山地震序列的构造过程

本文采用地质构造、地震活动图象、震源机制资料综合分析方法,对唐山地震序列主要的构造过程进行研究。其结果表明,唐山地震序列是一个由多条断裂参加并逐次活动的复杂构造过程。先后显示活动的断裂及其错动性质是:唐山断裂带右旋剪切、蓟运河断裂左旋剪切、滦县—乐亭断裂右旋剪切、卢龙断裂右旋剪切。北西向蓟运河断裂与唐山断裂带构成一对共轭剪切构造。沿唐山断裂带的主震破裂面由初始阶段的北北东向北东—北东东和南西方向扩展,形成不对称的“S”形曲面。与现代地壳应力场最大剪切应力方向不完全一致的先存断裂的活动和地震破裂面转向扩展,是序列震源机制解P、T轴取向离散的主要原因之一。     

汶川地震同震形变场对川滇地区主要活动断裂地震发生趋势的影响

以所建立的川滇地区主要活动块体及其周边断裂带的模型和前期利用GPS及水准资料反演所得到的断裂带长期运动速率作为基础,将汶川地震引起的同震错动量加入到三维断裂几何模型中,计算出汶川地震大范围的同震形变场,然后基于该同震形变场和活动断裂三维几何模型反演了各条断裂对该同震形变场的反映,并通过与各断裂带长期运动速率对比,得到了汶川地震对川滇地区各主要活动断裂带发震趋势的影响．结果表明,在汶川地震引起的同震形变场作用下,在川滇交界东部地区,龙门山断裂带南西段地震危险性提前了305a,鲜水河断裂带南东段大致提前了19a,安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带分别提前了21a和12a,大凉山断裂带北段和南段分别提前了9.1a和18a,马边断裂带的地震危险性则提前了51a;对川滇交界西部的丽江——小金河断裂带南西段、怒江断裂带、龙陵——澜沧断裂带、南汀河断裂带、中甸断裂带等断裂带地震的能量积累也有促进作用;相反在鲜水河断裂带北西段、小江断裂带等历史地震频发的断裂带上,地震危险性具有一定的减速作用．      

朝鲜载宁江断裂带的活动特征及其与地震的关系

通过对朝鲜载宁江断裂带的特征、新活动形迹和地震活动特征的研究,确定它是一条活动断裂,并控制了载宁江地震带的展布。最后,讨论了该断裂带的形成与演化     

Study on the Genesis of the Yongsheng Earthquake with Ms6.0 on October 27, 2001

On October 27, 2001, a large earthquake with Ms6.0, named the Yongsheng earthquake, occurred along the Jinshajiang segment of Chenghai fault in Yongsheng County, Yuunan Province. It is the largest event to occur along the Chenghai fault in the last 200 years. The seismo-geological survey shows that the seismogenic fault, which is the Jinshajiang segment of Chenghal fault, takes left-lateral strike-slip as its dominant movement pattern. According to differences in vertical motion, motion time, landforms and scales, the Chenhai fault can be divided into eight segments. The Jinshajiang segment has a vertical dislocation rate of 0.4mm/a, far lower than the mean rate of the Chenghai fault, about 2.0 mm/a. It‘ s deduced that the two sides of Jinshajiang segment “stuck“ tightly and hindered the strike-slip of the Chenghai fault. The strong earthquake distribution before this event shows that the Jinshajiang segment was in the seismic gap. The Chenghai fault, as a boundary of tectonic sub-blocks, makes the Northwest Yunnan block and the Middle Yunnan block move clockwise, and their margins move oppositely along the Chenghai fault. In the motion process of the Chenghai fault, structural hindrance and the seismic gap of strong earthquakes are propitious to the concentration and accumulation of structure stress. As a result, the Yongsheng Ms6.0 earthquake occurred. The Sujiazhuang-Shangangfu segment is similar to the Jinshajiang segment with a low vertical motion rate of 0.3 mm/a and in the seismic gap. So it‘s postulated that the segment may become a new structure hindrance, and the Yongsheng Ms6.0 earthquake may trigger the occurrence of future large earthquakes along this segment.     

THE DISCUSSION FOR THE NEW ACTIVITY OF THE TIANQUAN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE 1327 TIANQUAN EARTHQUAKE,SICHUAN

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan fault zone, only five years later, another M7 Lushan earthquake struck the southern segment where its seismic risk has been highly focused by multiple geoscientists since this event. Through geological investigations and paleoseismic trenching, we suggest that the segment along the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault at south of the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is active during Holocene. Along the fault, some discontinuous fault trough valleys developed and the fault dislocated the late Quaternary strata as the trench exposed. Based on analysis of historical records of earthquakes, we suggest that the epicenter of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake should be located near Tianquan and associated with the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault. Furthermore, we compared the ranges of felt earthquakes(the 2013 M7 Lushan earthquake and the 1970 M_S6.2 Dayi earthquake)and suggest that the magnitude of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake is more possible between 6½ and 7. The southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone behaves as a thrust fault system consisting of several sub-paralleled faults and its deep structure shows multiple layers of decollement, which might disperse strain accumulation effectively and make the thrust system propagate forward into the foreland basin, creating a new decollement on a gypsum-salt bed. The soft bed is thick and does not facilitate to constrain fault deformation and accumulate strain, which produces a weak surface tectonic expression and seismic activity along the southern segment, this is quite different from that of the middle and northern segments of the Longmen Shan fault zone.     

PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE POSSIBLE AREA OF STRONG EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCE IN FUTURE ALONG THE SHANDONG-JIANGSU-ANHUI SEGMENT OF TANCHENG-LUJIANG FAULT ZONE

Tancheng-Lujiang Fault runs through Shandong,Jiangsu,Anhui Provinces of East China,and this segment is called the Shandong-Jiangsu-Anhui segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in the paper.By comparative analysis on the data of seismogeology,deep seismic exploration,seismic tomography,seismic activity,geomorphology,crustal motion velocity field and deformation observation,etc.,and based on the principles of historical earthquake recurrence and structure analogy,the possibility is discussed of the occurrence of strong earthquake in the Shandong-Jiangsu-Anhui segment.It is found by comparison between the Wangji-Jiashan region of south Sihong County and epicenter area of the 1668 Tancheng M 8¹/₂ earhtquake that there are high similarities between these two regions in terms of deep-seated and shallow geologic structure,neotectonic movement,and seismic activity,etc.According to the studies of historic seismic event recurrence and tectonic comparison,the area along Wangji to Jiashan of Sihong County along the Shandong-Jiangsu-Anhui segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone is likely to generate M7 or above strong earthquake.     

盲断裂、褶皱地震与新疆1906年玛纳斯地震

１９０６年玛纳斯７．７级地震时沿准噶尔南缘断裂产生的地表破坏是由非构造成因的振动和重力效应而形成的。天山山前第二排逆断裂和褶皱带是这次地震的发震构造，沿带已发现了长约１３０ｋｍ的断续的地表破裂和最新隆起带。所以１９０６年玛纳斯地震是沿北天山主逆断裂带发生在深部的一次盲断裂地震。地表变形主要以褶皱隆起为主，是一次典型的“褶皱地震     

青藏高原东缘礼县-罗家堡断裂带晚更新世以来的活动性分析

礼县 -罗家堡断裂带晚更新世以来有过明显活动。在礼县—罗家堡段和天水镇—街子口段直接错断全新世地层。断裂沿线地表陡坎发育 ,水系被左旋位错。结合沿该断裂带广泛分布的地震滑坡、砂土液化等 ,认为礼县 -罗家堡断裂带是 1654年天水南 8级地震的发震构造。该断裂晚更新世以来的平均水平位错速率为 0 95mm/a ,平均垂直位移速率为 0 35mm/a ,垂直位移速率约为水平位移速率的 1/ 3。这个比值与一次断裂突发性垂直位错量 ( 1 9m)与水平位错量 ( 5 2m)的比值基本吻合     

THE HOLOCENE SEISMIC EVIDENCE ON SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE RED RIVER FAULT ZONE

Nine earthquakes with M≥6 have stricken the northern segment of the Red River fault zone since the historical records, including the 1652 Midu M7 earthquake and the 1925 Dali M7 earthquake. However, there have been no earthquake records of M≥6 on the middle and southern segments of the Red River Fault, since 886 AD. Is the Red River fault zone, as a boundary fault, a fault zone where there will be not big earthquake in the future or a seismogenic structure for large earthquake with long recurrence intervals?This problem puzzles the geologists for a long time. Through indoor careful interpretation of high resolution remote sensing images, and in combination with detailed field geological and geomorphic survey, we found a series of fault troughs along the section of Gasha-Yaojie on the southern segment of the Red River fault zone, the length of the Gasha-Yaojie section is over ten kilometers. At the same time, paleoseismic information and radiocarbon dating result analysis on the multiple trenches show that there exists geological evidence of seismic activity during the Holocene in the southern segment of the Red River fault zone.     

USING DEFORMED FLUVIALTERRACES OF THE QINGYIJIANG RIVER TO STUDY THE TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE

On 20 April 2013, a destructive earthquake, the Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake, occurred in the southern segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone, the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau in Sichuan, China. This earthquake did not produce surface rupture zone, and its seismogenic structure is not clear. Due to the lack of Quaternary sediment in the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and the fact that fault outcrops are not obvious, there is a shortage of data concerning the tectonic activity of this region. This paper takes the upper reaches of the Qingyijiang River as the research target, which runs through the Yanjing-Wulong Fault, Dachuan-Shuangshi Fault and Lushan Basin, with an attempt to improve the understanding of the tectonic activity of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and explore the seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake. In the paper, the important morphological features and tectonic evolution of this area were reviewed. Then, field sites were selected to provide profiles of different parts of the Qingyijiang River terraces, and the longitudinal profile of the terraces of the Qingyijiang River in the south segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was reconstructed based on geological interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, continuous differential GPS surveying along the terrace surfaces, geomorphic field evidence, and correlation of the fluvial terraces. The deformed longitudinal profile reveals that the most active tectonics during the late Quaternary in the south segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone are the Yanjing-Wulong Fault and the Longmenshan range front anticline. The vertical thrust rate of the Yanjing-Wulong Fault is nearly 0.6~1.2mm/a in the late Quaternary. The tectonic activity of the Longmenshan range front anticline may be higher than the Yanjing-Wulong Fault. Combined with the relocations of aftershocks and other geophysical data about the Lushan earthquake, we found that the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is the range front blind thrust and the back thrust fault, and the pop-up structure between the two faults controls the surface deformation of the range front anticline.     

郯庐断裂带白山-卅铺段第四纪以来的活动习性

根据构造地貌遥感解析,发现郯庐断裂带沿庐江白山到桐城卅铺一线显示1组平行断层,现场地震地质调查验证其为1组活动断层。通过断层剖面观测、样品采集及样品测试分析和宏微观构造分析,结果表明,郯庐断裂带在白山—卅铺一带第四纪以来仍具有黏滑、蠕滑交替的变形活动。其中,在柯坦—卅铺一带,最年轻的水系被NE向断层组右旋扭折,其断层物质的微观观测和测龄结果表明该断裂段第四纪时的活动具有脆、塑性过渡变形特征,强烈活动时间处于早、中更新世;而白山剖面断层泥年龄测试结果则反映相应断层段在中、晚更新世曾有过较强烈的活动。断层泥超微(SEM)和显微观测结果亦表明该断裂段曾发生黏滑、蠕滑交替的构造变形事件,且表现为先黏滑后蠕滑;结合水系呈现缓慢扭折表征,近年来沿断裂有不少微震发生,表明郯庐断裂带在白山—卅铺段的最新滑移方式主要表现为蠕滑,也就是说,该段积累的应力以蠕滑或微震等方式缓慢释放,据此推测未来一定时期内不易孕育强烈地震     

新发现的唐山地震大断层

在对唐山地面塌陷的研究中发现了一条与唐山地震相关的大断层,该断层至少长90km,地面垂直错距3m,明显具有铲形正断层特点。该断层倾向NW,可分为南、北2段。南段的确定主要依据震后地面形变野外调查、水准形变资料、航片解译和石油地球物理勘探资料;北段的存在则有强烈线状喷沙冒水分布以及地震反射测深资料作为证据。唐山地震主震的余震大致分布在该断层地表出露迹线的NW侧,这种位置关系显示了新发现的断层对唐山地震的控制性