番泻叶致脾虚证动物模型的造型方法

为探讨建立脾虚证动物模型的方法，采用番泻叶水浸剂灌服大白鼠，结果实验组大鼠均出现了泄泻食少，消瘦，体重减轻，神志萎靡，四肢不收，毛色枯杭，蜷缩聚堆等症状，游泳耐力降低。认为灌服番泻叶水浸剂可造脾虚证大鼠模型，且定量准确，简单易行。     

肝郁脾虚证腹泻型IBS模型大鼠结肠紧密连接蛋白、AQP3及AQO4的变化

目的 研究肝郁脾虚证腹泻型肠易激综合征(D-IBS)模型大鼠在模型复制过程中腹泻症状及结肠紧密连接蛋白、水通道蛋白(AQP)3及AQP4的变化。方法 采用给予番泻叶联合束缚应激的方法复制D-IBS大鼠模型，并设立单纯灌服番泻叶组及单纯束缚组作为对照，分别于实验前、实验第7、14、21及28天检测各组稀便级及模型大鼠结肠紧密连接蛋白、AQP3及AQP4表达。应用免疫组化法和Western印迹检测结肠紧密连接蛋白、AQP3及AQP4表达。结果 与正常组比较，除肝郁1组外，各建模组灌服番泻叶后5 h内稀便级显著升高，结肠紧密连接蛋白、AQP3、AQP4阳性表达及表达量均显著下调(P<0.05,P<0.01);与脾虚3组、肝郁1组比较，肝郁脾虚1组稀便级显著增加，结肠紧密连接蛋白、AQP3、AQP4阳性表达及表达量均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);与脾虚4组、胆郁2组比较，肝郁脾虚2组稀便级显著增加，结肠紧密连接蛋白、AQP3、AQP4阳性表达及表达量均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 紧密连接蛋白、AQP3、AQP4与肝郁脾虚证D-IB...     

健运冲剂促脾虚泄泻模型大鼠受损肠粘膜修复的研究

目的：观察健运冲剂对脾虚泄泻模型大鼠受损肠粘膜的修复作用。方法：用番泻叶浸剂灌胃制作大鼠脾虚泄泻模型,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜观察健运冲剂对模型大鼠受损肠粘膜的修复作用。结果：模型大鼠小肠粘膜超微结构明显受损,微绒毛变稀疏及消失脱落,绒毛顶部上皮细胞结构变形,细胞间间隙增宽,内质网、线粒体不同程度改变,胞浆内出现空泡。结论：健运冲剂对受损肠粘膜有明显修复作用,其效果优于对照组参苓白术散。     

健运冲剂促脾虚泄泻模型大鼠受损肠粘膜修复的研究

目的 观察健运冲剂对脾虚泄泻模型大鼠受损肠粘膜的修复作用。方法 用番泻叶浸剂灌胃制作大鼠脾虚泄泻模型,通过扫描电镜、透射是观察健运冲剂对模型大鼠受损肠粘膜的修复作用。结果 模型大鼠小肠粘膜起微结构明显受损,微绒毛变稀疏及消失脱落,绒毛中上皮细胞结构变形,细胞间间隙增宽,内质网、线粒体不同程度改变,胞浆内出现空泡。结论 健运冲剂对受损肠粘膜有明显修复作用,其效果优于对照组参苓白术散。     

加味厚朴温中汤对脾虚湿阻证大鼠血浆醛固酮及血清钠和钾离子的影响

[目的]从水电解质的代谢和调节方面探讨加味厚朴温中汤治疗脾虚湿阻证大鼠的机制。[方法]建立脾虚湿阻证大鼠模型，按正常对照（正常）组、不造模给药组、模型组、自然恢复组、加味厚朴温中汤低、中、高剂量（低、中、高剂量）组7组，分别检测每组大鼠血浆醛固酮（ALD）以及血清Na^＋、K^＋浓度。[结果]与正常组比较，模型组AID显著升高、K^＋显著降低（均P〈0．01），血清Na^＋无明显变化；经加味厚朴温中汤治疗后，ALD显著下降、K^＋明显升高（均P〈0．01），且比自然恢复组更迅速，Na^＋无显著性差异。不造模给药组与正常组比较，各指标差异均无统计学意义。[结论]脾虚湿阻证与水电解质代谢紊乱关系密切，加味厚朴温中汤治疗脾虚湿阻证的机制可能与其调节水电解质代谢有关。     

大鼠脾虚证模型的胃肠粘膜形态学研究

目的：探讨利血平法脾虚证模型大鼠的胃肠粘膜形态学变化。方法：肉眼，光镜及透射电镜观察实验脾虚证大鼠胃肠粘膜形态学变化，并用四君子汤反证。结果；脾虚证大鼠胃肠粘膜出现糜烂破溃的状态，经四君子汤预防及治疗后得到明显改善，明显优于脾虚自然恢复大鼠。     

大鼠脾虚证模型的胃肠粘膜形态学研究

目的：探讨利血平法大鼠脾虚证模型的胃肠粘膜形态学变化。方法，内眼、光镜受透射电键观察实验脾虚证胃肠粘膜形态学变化，并用四君子汤反证。结果；脾虚证大鼠胃肠粘膜出现麇烂破溃的状态，经四君子汤预防及治疗后得到明显改善，明显优于脾虚自然恢复大鼠。结论；结果韧步表明胃肠粘膜形态学变化是揭示脾虚证本质的主要病理学依据之一。     

大鼠脾虚证模型的胃肠粘膜形态学研究

目的探讨利血平法脾虚证模型大鼠的胃肠粘膜形态学变化。方法肉眼、光镜及透射电镜观察实验脾虚证大鼠胃肠粘膜形态学变化．并用四君子汤反证。结果脾虚证大鼠胃肠粘膜出现糜烂破溃的状态,经四君子汤预防及治疗后得到明显改善,明显优于脾虚自然恢复大鼠。结论胃肠粘膜形态学变化是揭示脾虚证本质的主要病理学依据之一。     

大鼠脾虚证模型的胃肠粘膜形态学研究

目的:探讨利血平法大鼠脾虚证模型的胃肠粘膜形态学变化。方法:肉眼、光镜及透射电镜观察实验脾虚证胃肠粘膜形态学变化,产用四君子汤反证。结果:脾虚证大鼠胃肠粘膜出现糜烂破溃的状态,经四君子汤预防及治疗后得以明显改善,明显优于脾虚自然恢复大鼠。结论:胃肠粘膜形态学变化是揭示脾虚证本质的主要病理学依据之一。     

大鼠脾虚证模型的胃肠粘膜形态学研究

目的:探讨利血平法大鼠脾虚证模型的胃肠粘膜形态学变化。方法:肉眼、光镜及透射电镜观察实验脾虚证胃肠粘膜形态学变化,并用四君子汤反证。结果:脾虚证大鼠胃肠粘膜出现糜烂破溃的状态,经四君子汤预防及治疗后得到明显改善,明显优于脾虚自然恢复大鼠。结论:结果初步表明胃肠粘膜形态学变化是揭示脾虚证本质的主要病理学依据之一。     

肾综合征出血热的4周龄长爪沙鼠模型

目的　肾综合征出血热长爪沙鼠模型的建立。方法　 4周龄左右的长爪沙鼠 ,脑内接种肾综合征出血热 (HFRS)病毒 ,在 - 1、+1、+2、+4天注射环磷酰胺 30mg/kg体重 (第 0天感染病毒 )。结果　沙鼠由隐性感染变为急性致死性感染 ,病死率为 93%。在病死动物的脑、肺、肝、脾和肾等器官中 ,均检查到HFRS病毒抗原。结论　 4周龄长爪沙鼠模型可用于本病的研究。     

In situ hybridization studies in hepatitis A infection.

An in situ hybridization method using radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes was developed to study primary sites of hepatitis A virus replication in an experimental animal model of infection. Hepatitis A genomic sequences were demonstrated in hepatocytes of four marmosets with acute hepatitis A by use of antisense probes. In two of these animals, staining was also found when a sense probe was used, which is consistent with active replication in the hepatocytes. The specificity of the hybridization signal was confirmed by neutralization with "cold" (i.e., unlabeled) probes and by absence of hybridization with non-A hepatitis and reverse antisense probes. The hepatocyte appeared to be the only cell type showing staining. No hybridization was found in other organs, including the intestine (n = 4) and, in one animal, the kidney and spleen.     

婴儿利什曼原虫实验感染草原兔尾鼠的进一步观察

给草原兔尾鼠经腹腔接种不同量的婴儿利什曼原虫前鞭毛体,结果表明,不同量的原虫感染对动物体重及肝重没有明显的影响,但脾重则有一定的差异。肝脏原虫负荷随感染虫量的增加而加大,实验结果进一步证明草原兔尾鼠是一种对利什曼原虫非常敏感的实验动物,同时在用级差较小的不同量的原虫接种后,可以显感染程度的差别,这就为利什曼病的免疫学研究提供了良好的动物模型。     

Development of an animal model of hepatic fibrosis by excretory-secretory antigen of Ascaris suum.

OBJECTIVE: The excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Ascaris suum are known to cause hepatic damage in animals. The present study was aimed at developing an animal model of hepatic fibrosis with these antigens. METHODS: Three doses of ES antigens of A. suum were injected into 24 golden hamsters on days 0, 10 and 20. Batches of 8 animals each were sacrificed at 3 days, 45 days and 90 days after the third injection, after collection of blood. Three groups of 6 control animals each were injected with normal saline and were sacrificed similarly. Liver biochemistry, leukocyte migration inhibition test on cells separated from spleen, and liver histology were carried out. RESULTS: Serum ALT levels in experimental animals were significantly higher than those in control animals at days 3, 45 and 90 after the last antigen dose; AST levels were elevated 45 and 90 days after the last dose of ES antigen. Leukocyte migration inhibition in experimental animals was 58.2 (8.5)%, 51.6 (11.2)% and 50.5 (12.8)% at days 3, 45 and 90 after the last antigen dose. Marked centrivenular degeneration and necrosis were observed in liver tissue in all the experimental animals sacrificed 72 h after the last antigen dose. Condensation of reticulin around the portal zone with extension into the liver lobule was observed in 4 of 8 and 7 of 8 experimental animals sacrificed 45 and 90 days, respectively, after the last dose. Control animals did not have such lesions. CONCLUSION: An animal model of hepatic fibrosis could be produced by repeated injection of ES antigens of A. suum.     

人胃癌原位移植模型中宿主脾虚证的探讨

目的：探讨人胃癌裸小鼠原位移植模型的脾虚证及该模型用于中药抗胃癌作用研究的可行性。方法：所有动物随机分为对照组,单纯造模组和健脾为主中药SRRS复方治疗组,建立人胃癌裸小鼠原位移植模型,观察肿瘤生长,转移及宿主体重、进食、自然杀伤（NK）细胞活性、红细胞免疫的变化,并观察健脾复方SRRS干预后肿瘤的进展情况,结果：经病理证实所有造模动物均形成腺胃部位的人胃癌移植瘤,单纯造模组出现较多肝脏、胰腺、横膈等脏器部位的肿瘤转移,动物进食量减少,体重明显下降,NK细胞活性降低,免疫复合物花环率较造模前显著增加,而在健脾为主中药SRRS复方治疗组,动物进食量稍减少,无体重下降,NK细胞活性较单纯造模组提高,原位肿瘤生长受到抑制,肿瘤转移灶少,结论：人胃癌裸小鼠原位移植可造成宿主消化,免疫功能低下等脾虚证表现。该模型作为病证结合的胃癌模型值得进一步研究,健脾为主SRRS复方对人胃癌原位移植瘤有抑瘤和改善其脾虚状态的作用。     

Lack of protective effect of autotransplanted splenic tissue to pneumococcal challenge

Studies in animals and clinical experience in patients have demonstrated that splenectomy may lead to an increased susceptibility to infection. The infections are usually caused by encapsulated bacteria such as penumococcus. It has been shown in a variety of experimental animals that autotransplanted splenic tissue is capable of regenerating into implants that are microscopically indistinguishable from normal spleen and of restoring a number of normal splenic functions. The response to intravenous challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae, type 25, was therefore studied in control, asplenic, and autotransplanted Sprague-Dawley rats. Despite previous observations that a number of immune functions can be restored in this animal model by autotransplanted splenic tissue, the present study indicates that splenic tissue autotransplants do not restore the ability to resist intravenous pneumococcal challenge.     

Forward-viewing endoscopic ultrasound-guided NOTES interventions: A study on peritoneoscopic potential

AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of diagnostic and therapeutic transgastric(TG)peritoneoscopic interventions with a forward-viewing endoscopic ultrasound(FV-EUS).METHODS:This prospective endoscopic experimental study used an animal model.Combined TG peritoneoscopic interventions and EUS examination of the intraabdominal organs were performed using an FV-EUS on 10 animal models(1 porcine and 9 canine).The procedures carried out include EUS evaluation and endoscopic biopsy of intraperitoneal organs,EUS-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA),EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation(EUS-RFA),and argon plasma coagulation(APC)for hemostatic control.The animals were kept alive for 7 d,and then necropsy was performed to evaluate results and complications.RESULTS:In all 10 animals,TG peritoneoscopy,followed by endoscopic biopsy for the liver,spleen,abdominal wall,and omentum,was performed successfully.APC helped control minor bleeding.Visualization of intra-abdominal solid organs with real-time EUS was accomplished with ease.Intraperitoneal EUS-FNA was successfully performed on the liver,spleen,and kidney.Similarly,a successful outcome was achieved with EUSRFA of the hepatic parenchyma.No adverse events were recorded during the study.CONCLUSION:Peritoneoscopic natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)interventions through FV-EUS were feasible in providing evaluation and performing endoscopic procedures.It promises potential as a platform for future EUS-based NOTES.     

仔猪金黄色葡萄球菌性心内膜炎研究

目的鉴定引起仔猪心内膜炎和内脏器官形成血栓的病原,并研究其引起内脏器官的组织学变化特征。方法应用生化鉴定、16S rDNA克隆测序和rDNA限制性酶切分析(ARDRA)等方法鉴定分离菌株,并进行致病性、药物敏感性和病理组织学试验。结果经鉴定病原为同源性较高的金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus);动物试验结果表明S201和S202毒力较强;药敏试验结果表明S201分离菌株对青霉素具有较强的耐药性;病理组织学检察发现内脏器官坏死、血栓和DIC变化。结论具有致病性的S.aureus能够引起仔猪心内膜炎等病理变化。     

A selective tropism of transfused oval cells for liver

AIM: To explore the biological behaviors of hepatic oval cells after transfused into the circulation of experimental animals.METHODS: Oval cells from male SD rat were transfused into the circulation of a female rat which were treated by a 2-AAF/CCl4 program, through caudal vein. Sex-determining gene sry which located on Y chromosome was examined by PCR and in situ hybridization technique in liver, kidney and spleen of the experimental animals, respectively.RESULTS: The results of the cell-transplant experiment showed that the srygene was detectable only in the liver but not in spleen and kidney of the experimental rats, and no signals could be detected in the control animals. It can be also morphologically proved that some exogenous cells had migrateci into the parenchyma of the liver and settled there.CONCLUSION: The result means that there are exogenous cells located in the liver of the experimental animal and the localization is specific to the liver. This indicates that some “signal molecules” must exist in the circulation of the rats treated by 2-AAF/CCl4. These “signal molecules” might play an important role in specific localization and differentiation of transfused oval cells.     

脾气虚证动物模型规范化的初步研究——宏观症征部分

目的：通过脾气虚证动物模型规范化的初步研究,探讨其宏观症征改变。方法：首先完善脾气虚证模型的诊断标准,改进造模方法,观察改进后的模型的宏观症征（症状,大便,舌象,体重,体温,体长,食量,游泳时间）对诊断标准的符合程度。同时建立目前5种有代表性的脾（阳）气虚证模型,比较改进后的模型与这5种模型的宏观症征对诊断标准的符合程度。动物采用大鼠。结果：初步规范组的宏观症征与脾气虚证诊断标准基本符合。符合度明显高于5种脾（阳）气虚证模型。结论：初步达到规范脾气虚证动物模型的目的。