改性粉煤灰处理印染废水的研究

主要对改性粉煤灰处理印染废水进行了研究。通过实验考察了吸附时间、吸附温度、改性粉煤灰加入、改性粉煤灰粒度和废水的pH对废水中色度去除率的影响。实验结果表明,改性粉煤灰处理印染废水的其最佳工艺条件为:吸附时间为70min、吸附温度为30℃、改性粉煤灰加入量为2.4g、改性粉煤灰粒度为100～120目、废水pH为10.0。在此条件下可使100 mL模拟印染废水中色度由600倍降到65倍,色度去除率达89.2%,达到了国家《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

改性硅藻土处理含苯胺废水的研究

采用盐酸改性的硅藻土处理含苯胺废水。硅藻土改性实验结果表明,其最佳条件为:改性剂浓度为4mol/L、改性时间为40min、改性温度为35℃。改性硅藻土处理含苯胺废水实验结果表明,其最佳条件为:改性硅藻土加入量为2. 0g、吸附温度为35℃、吸附时间为40min。在此条件下,可使50mL废水中苯胺的浓度由50mg/L降至4. 6mg/L,苯胺去除率可达到90. 5%。     

改性膨润土处理含酚废水的研究

对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性膨润土处理含酚废水进行了研究.通过实验考察了吸附温度、吸附时间、废水的pH和改性膨润土加入量对废水中酚去除率的影响.实验结果表明,改性膨润土处理含酚废水的其最佳工艺条件为:吸附温度为25 ℃、吸附时间为60 min、废水的pH为5、改性膨润土加入量为2.5 g.在此条件下可使50 mL模拟含酚废水中酚浓度由1 000 mg/L降到77.9mg/L,酚去除率达92.21％.     

改性粉煤灰处理含铬（Ⅵ）废水的研究

文章对改性粉煤灰处理含铬（VI）废水进行了研究。通过实验考察了改性粉煤灰加入量、吸附时间、吸附温度和废水的pH对废水中铬（VI）去除率的影响。实验结果表明,改性粉煤灰处理含铬（Ⅵ）废水的最佳工艺条件为：改性粉煤灰加入量为1．5g,吸附时间为10min,吸附温度为25℃,废水的pH为6．0。在此条件下可使50mL模拟含铬废水中铬（VI）浓度由10mg／L降到0．47mg／L,铬（VI）去除率达95％以上,达到了国家《污水综合排放标准》。     

改性粉煤灰处理含铜废水的实验研究

采用高温法对粉煤灰进行改性,并用改性粉煤灰处理含铜废水。通过单因素实验和正交实验,考察了粉煤灰的投加量、吸附时间、pH值和温度等因素对铜去除率的影响,优化了实验工艺。确定最优实验工艺为:投加量1.0g,吸附时间2h,pH=6,温度15℃,此条件下,去除率为90.2%。结果表明高温改性后的粉煤灰能较好地处理含铜废水,达到以废治废的效果。     

粉煤灰对苯胺废水的吸附研究

在静态条件下研究了粉煤灰对含苯胺废水的处理。比较了不同条件下粉煤灰对苯胺废水的处理效果,确定了处理废水时间、粉煤灰用量、废水pH值、温度、废水中苯胺浓度对处理结果的影响。结果表明,粉煤灰在时间30min、用量8.0g、温度25℃、pH值2.5左右时,对100ml浓度为200mg/L的含苯胺废水的吸附效果最好,去除率高达97.7%。处理后的苯胺废水达到国家三级排放标准(5.0mg/L)。     

改性硅藻土处理乙烯碱性废液的研究

本研究采用改性硅藻土处理乙烯废碱液,通过单因素实验,考察了改性硅藻土处理乙烯废碱液的吸附温度、吸附时间、改性硅藻土加入量和乙烯废碱液的pH对乙烯废碱液中硫去除率的影响,确定了改性硅藻土处理乙烯废碱液的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件:吸附时间为40 min、吸附温度为20℃、改性硅藻土加入量为1.5 g、乙烯废碱液的pH为3。在此条件下,乙烯废碱液中硫浓度由560.4 mg/L降到29.4 mg/L,硫去除率达94.75%;乙烯废碱液的COD由148000 mg/L降到12000 mg/L,COD去除率达91.89%,改性硅藻土在乙烯废碱液处理方面具有很好的应用前景。     

改性粉煤灰处理苯胺废水研究

文章以粉煤灰为吸附剂,以盐酸和氢氧化钠分别作为酸、碱改性剂,对粉煤灰进行了改性处理,并对不同类型粉煤灰对苯胺废水中苯胺的吸附行为进行了研究。实验结果表明酸改性粉煤灰相比碱性粉煤灰和未改性粉煤灰对苯胺废水有较高的COD去除率和色度去除率。搅拌只能加快吸附到达平衡的时间,对粉煤灰平衡状态下的吸附能力基本没有影响。在pH为9.5,常温条件下,适宜的酸改性粉煤灰投加量为每100mL废水投加5 g,较佳的搅拌速率为200 r/min,在此情况下,苯胺废水的COD去除率和色度去除率分别为34.6%和37.8%。     

活性炭吸附法处理乙烯废碱液的研究

以活性炭为吸附剂处理乙烯废碱液,通过单因素实验,考查了吸附时间、吸附温度、活性炭粒度、活性炭投加量、废碱液pH对硫去除率的影响。吸附法处理乙烯废碱液的最佳工艺条件:吸附时间50 min、吸附温度25℃、活性炭粒度20~40目、活性炭投加量1.8 g、乙烯废碱液pH为3。在此条件下可使20 mL乙烯废碱液中硫浓度由1113.25 mg/L降到1.98 mg/L,硫去除率达99.82%,COD浓度由800000 mg/L降到5600 mg/L,COD去除率达99.9%。     

改性硅藻土处理含锌废水的研究

采用氢氧化钠改性的硅藻土处理含锌废水。改性硅藻土处理含锌废水实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:吸附时间为40 min,吸附温度为40℃,废水的pH为7.5,改性硅藻土加入量为1.2g。在此条件下可使50 mL模拟含锌废水中锌的浓度由50 mg/L降到2 mg/L,锌去除率达96.0%。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.