TiAl基合金热处理显微组织缺陷

研究了等温锻造和热处理后ＴｉＡｌ基合金显微组织中晶粒尺寸不均匀参数，讨论了这种缺陷对ＴｉＡｌ基合金室温抗拉笥能的影响，提出了这种显微组织缺陷形成机理。     

粉末冶金TiAl基合金显微组织及力学性能的研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备多种成分的ＴｉＡｌ基合金,并研究其显微组织及室温、高温力学性能,结果表明,采用粉末冶金方法能制备成分均匀、显微组织细小的Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｂ系列合金。添加合金元素对粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织具有显著影响。粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金的力学性能与其显微组织有密切的关系,显微组织越细小,其室温强度及延性越高,但在高温下,其屈服强度随晶粒尺寸增加而增加。所制备出的Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－３     

γ－TiAl基合金的显微组织与机械性能

简要介绍了γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金性能与其显微组织的关系以及该合金的变形、断裂、韧化机制，由此归纳出了γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金的塑化、初化途经。指出，合金化和显微组织的控制是改善该合金性能的重要方法。文章还探讨了γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金今后的研究工作重点。     

TiAl基合金固态焊接

研究了各种显微组织ＴｉＡｌ基合金材料之间自体固态焊接,实验结果表明,粗晶ＴｉＡｌ基合金与粗晶ＴｉＡｌ基合金作焊接对偶件时,在结合面上形成与基体组织不同的再结晶细晶组织。这种显微组织的差异及结合面上微孔隙的残存,导致焊接构件的断裂主要发生在结合面上,如采用粗晶ＴｉＡｌ合金与细晶双态组织ＴｉＡｌ基合金对焊时。由于细晶ＴｉＡｌ基合金具有较好超塑性变形能力。在热压力作用下此部分材料可镶嵌入焊接对偶另一侧,     

微量钪对TiAl基合金高温力学性能的影响

研究了添加微量钪对具有全层片组织和双态组织的ＴｉＡｌ基合金在９００℃的高温力学性能的影响。结果表明,微量Ｓｃ可以显著提高ＴｉＡｌ基合金的高温屈服强度及抗压强度。使用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜详细地分析了试样高温压缩变形前后的显微组织及其变化,在此基础上探讨了合金高温下的塑性变形行为及其微合金化强化机理。     

含 Ti 25% 的 L1_2 结构 Al_3Ti 基合金中的 Al_2Ti 析出与长大

研究了含Ｔｉ２５％的Ｌ１２结构Ａｌ３Ｔｉ基合金在铸态和经１０００℃进行压缩变形后的微观组织结构变化。试验结果表明，铸态合金中就有Ａｌ２ＴｉＩ相存在。经１０００℃进行压缩变形后合金中Ａｌ２Ｔｉ细片层开始逐渐粗化，其粗化方式有两种：其一是Ａｌ２Ｔｉ片层通过消耗周围细小的Ａｌ２Ｔｉ片层而长大；其二是在再结晶晶界处位错发射导致较粗大Ａｌ２Ｔｉ片层的形成。同时出现Ａｌ２ＴｉⅢ结构。在粗大Ａｌ２Ｔｉ片层的区域Ｒ（ＬＡｌ２Ｔｉ）中容易形成裂纹。     

Ti─22Al─11Nb─4Mo合金调质后的显微结构

最近出现了一种 Ｔｉ２ＡｌＮｂ相（０相）为基的新型Ｔｉａｌ合金,比强度和断裂韧性均优于α２基和γ基合金,Ｔｉ２ＡｌＮｂ基合金的典型成分为Ｔｉ一２２Ａｌ—２７Ｎｂ．日本国家金属研究所在研究成分变化对该合金的物理机械性能的影响时发现Ｔｉ─２２Ａｌ─１１Ｎｂ—４ＭＯ合金经过在β转变温度以上水淬,而后在９５０℃附近回火以后形成一种调质的显微组织结构．他们采用氩气中非自耗炉熔炼的方法制取Ｔｉ—２２Ａｌ—１１ Ｎｂ—４ＭＯ合金铸锭,重复１０次以保证合金成分均匀．合金在１１５０℃加热３０ｍｉｎ,用常规方法锻造成…     

Ti_3Al TiAl片层组织的不连续粗化转变

为细化铸造ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织,将成分为Ｔｉ４４．９Ａｌ和Ｔｉ４４．３Ａｌ３．０Ｃｒ（摩尔分数,％）的两种合金在略高于ＴｉＡｌ共析温度的１１５０℃进行长时保温处理。结果表明,保温一定时间后,两种合金中的Ｔｉ３Ａｌ＋ＴｉＡｌ片层组织都会发生不连续粗化转变,这种转变的结果能在一定程度上细化合金的晶粒尺寸,其中Ｔｉ４４．３Ａｌ３．０Ｃｒ合金的晶粒细化效果更佳。进一步的研究表明,二元Ｔｉ４４．９Ａｌ合金中的片层组织的不连续粗化转变近似符合最大熵增率原理和Ｌｉｖｉｎｇｓｔｏｎ的稳态扩散模型,其转变控制因素为晶界扩散控制;合金元素Ｃｒ的加入,原始片间距的细化及表面预变形都会大大促进这种不连续粗化转变过程。     

均匀化处理对Ti—34Al—2Mn合金的组织与性能的影响

采用自耗电弧熔炼技术制得了成分为Ｔｉ－３４Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ的γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金，研究了后续均匀化处理工艺对合金微观组织和机构性能的影响，发现经９００℃，２０ｈ处理的试样比经其他工艺条件处理的试样具有更的延性，其微观组织由等轴γ－ＴｉＡｌ单相晶粒和一些原始层片状晶粒混合而成，片层之间存在，α２／γ／，γ／γｓ和γ／Ｔ三种界面，且保持一定的位向关系。     

Ti3Al＋TiAl片导组织的不连续粗化转变

为细化铸造ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织,将成分为Ｔｉ－４４．９Ａｌ和Ｔｉ－４４．３Ａｌ－３．０Ｃｒ的两种合金在略高于Ｔｉ－Ａｌ共析温度的１１５０℃刊物 保温处理。     

Toughness of tempered upper and lower bainitic microstructures in a 4150 steel

The effects of tempering on the Charpy impact toughness and tensile properties of upper and lower bainite in a 4150 steel have been studied. The results correlate with quantitative measurements taken from both the fracture surfaces and the microstructures of Charpy test specimens. The fracture surfaces from impact specimens having a lower bainitic microstructure were characterized by quasicleavage fracture, whereas those having an upper bainitic microstructure exhibited only cleavage fracture. The quasicleavage facet size and cleavage facet size correlate with bainite packet size and bainite block size. After tempering at high temperatures, the impact toughness is greatly improved for both the upper and lower bainitic microstructures. Changes in toughness correlate with the microstructural change in carbide shape and distribution resulting from the different tempering operations.     

Dynamic fracture toughness of TA15ELI alloy studied by instrumented impact test

The dynamic fracture toughness of TA15ELI alloy with two types of microstructures was studied by instrumented impact test.Charpy specimens with both the 0.2 mm U-notch and the a/W = 0.2 pre-crack were adopted to compare notch sensitivity in the two microstructures.The result shows that the specimen with Widmanst?tten microstructure exhibits a better dynamic fracture toughness and lower notch sensitivity than that with lath-like microstructure.Fracture surfaces in the case of the two microstructures are analyzed to have a ductile and brittle mixed feature under dynamic loading.The fracture surface of lath-like microstructure is composed of dimples and tear ridges,while that of Widmanst?tten microstructure is covered with rough block-like facets and dimples and tear ridges.The α phase boundaries and α/β interfaces act as locations for void nucleation and crack arrest and deviation.The decrease in width of α phase lamellae leads to the increase in the amount of boundaries and interfaces,which causes the increase in the consumption of impact energy and results in the improvement in dynamic fracture toughness.     

TiAl合金细小全层片组织断裂机理

对多重热处理得来的铸造Ｔｉ－４６．５Ａｌ－２．５Ｖ－１．０Ｃｒ－０．２Ｎｉ（原子分数，％）合金细小全层片（ＦＦＬ）组织断裂韧性试样侧面和断口形貌及裂纹区位错、孪晶结构进行了观察分析．发现ＦＦＬ组织具有和ＦＬ组织相同的断裂特征，即多重断裂和裂尖区充分形变．但层片团尺寸的大幅度减小使得单个剪切带对应变能的消耗减小较多，且使裂纹扩展中总的变形体积减小，从而减弱了剪切带的韧化作用，使ＦＦＬ组织具有相对ＦＬ组织较低的断裂韧性．     

微观组织对TA15 ELI钛合金损伤容限性能的影响

研究了TA15 ELI钛合金43 mm厚板的等轴组织、双态组织和片层组织的室温拉伸性能、断裂韧性(KIC)以及疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)等损伤容限性能,通过金相显微镜观测了疲劳裂纹在各类组织中的扩展规律,讨论显微组织对该合金损伤容限性能的影响.结果表明该合金等轴组织和双态组织的室温力学性能和疲劳裂纹扩展阻抗差别不大;相对等轴组织和双态组织而言,该合金片层组织在损失强度较小的前提下(Rm=992 MPa),合金断裂韧性提高,达到111 MPa·m1/2,同时该合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率也大幅降低,其Paris公式拟合参数为c=1.08×10-8,n=3.23,具有更好的损伤容限性能.     

Determination of lower bound fracture toughness of a high strength low alloy steel welded joint

Abstract

The use of high strength low alloy steels for high performance structures (e.g. pressure vessels and pipelines) requires high strength consumables to produce an overmatched welded joint. This globally overmatched multipass welded joint contains two significantly different microstructures, as-welded and reheated. In this paper, the influence of weld metal microstructure on fracture behaviour is estimated in comparison with the fracture behaviour of composite microstructures (as-welded and reheated). The lower bound of fracture toughness for different microstructures was evaluated by using the modified Weibull distribution. The results, obtained using specimens with crack front through the thickness, indicated low fracture toughness, caused by strength mismatching interaction along the crack front. In the case of through thickness specimens, at least one local brittle microstructure is incorporated in the process zone at the vicinity of the crack tip. Hence, unstable fracture occurred with small, or without, stable crack propagation. Despite the fact that the differences between the impact toughness of a weld metal and the that of base metal are insignificant, the fracture toughness of a weld metal can be significantly lower.     

T91/10CrMo910焊接接头韧性分析

采用硬度试验、示波冲击试验、SEM断口分析、金相组织分析等,对电厂服役一年的T91/10CrMo910焊接接头的冲击韧性进行了分析。结果表明:焊缝区为准解理型脆性破断;10CrMo910热影响区和T91热影响区为微孔聚合韧窝型韧性破断。焊缝区组织为粗大的板条马氏体,并且焊后回火不充分,韧性差;10CrMo910热影响区和T91热影响区的组织分别为索氏体和细的回火马氏体,韧性较好。示波冲击曲线与断口形貌和硬度以及组织有良好的对应关系,是韧性分析的有效方法之一。     

提高钨合金白口铸铁抗冲击磨损能力的研究

研究了稀土、钒钛复合变质处理对钨合金白口铸铁组织和性能的影响.结果表明,变质处理后钨合金白口铸铁的微观组织中碳化物网络断裂,其抗冲击韧性和耐磨损性能显著提高.     

Effects of dislocation dynamics and microstructure on crack growth mechanisms in two-phase titanium aluminide alloys

The fracture behaviour of two-phase titanium aluminide alloys was characterized by fracture toughness tests performed in a wide temperature range on chevronnotched three point bending bars. Temperature and rate dependent deformation processes were characterized by temperature and strain rate cycling tests. The alloy investigated had compositions and microstructures which are currently being considered for engineering applications. The paper considers the effects of microstructure and crack tip plasticity on the crack growth resistance. The temperature dependence of the fracture toughness was rationalized in terms of micro-processes which determine the glide resistance of the dislocations in the plastic zone of crack tips. The implications of such observations for the engineering application of the materials are addressed briefly.     

The influence of chromium on mechanical properties of austempered ductile cast iron

An investigation was carried out to examine the influence of microstructure and chromium on the tensile properties and plane strain fracture toughness of austempered ductile cast iron (ADI). The investigation also examined the growth kinetics of ferrite in these alloys. Compact tension and round cylindrical tensile specimens were prepared from ductile cast iron with Cr as well as without Cr. These specimens were then given four different heat treatments to produce four different microstructures. Tensile tests and fracture toughness tests were carried out as per ASTM standards E-8 and E-399. The crack growth mechanism during fracture toughness tests was also determined. The test results indicate that yield strength, tensile strength, and fracture toughness of ADI increases with an increase in the volume fractions of ferrite, and the fracture toughness reaches a peak when the volume fractions of the ferrite are approximately 60% in these alloys. The Cr addition was found to reduce the fracture toughness of ADI at lower hardness levels (<40 HRC); at higher hardness levels (≥40 HRC), the effect of chromium on the fracture toughness was negligible. The crack growth mechanism was found to be a combination of quasi-cleavage and microvoid coalescences, and the crack trajectories connect the graphite nodules along the way.     

焊接热循环对X80管线钢粗晶区韧性和组织的影响

利用焊接热模拟技术、光学金相、透射电子显微镜和示波冲击韧度试验、断裂韧度试验研究了焊接热循环对X80管线钢粗晶区韧性和组织的影响。试验结果表明,在六种热循环参数下,X80管线钢模拟粗晶区具有不同的显微组织,当焊接热循环参数较小时,以下贝氏体和板条马氏体为主,随着热循环参数的增大,以粒状贝氏体为主,且其中的M—A岛的形态由细短条状转变成大长条状或大块状,分布由晶界转向晶内,同时数量增多,韧性恶化。