316L不锈钢等离子弧焊接工艺研究

针对12 mm厚316L不锈钢对接接头进行等离子弧焊接(PAW)工艺试验,确定了等离子弧焊接参数。试验表明,316L不锈钢等离子弧焊接接头常规力学性能、弯曲工艺性能及晶间腐蚀试验符合相关标准要求。该工艺成功应用于某厂废水汽提塔项目,效果良好。     

基于机器学习的薄板等离子弧搭接焊的熔深预测

在等离子弧搭接焊中,搭接焊接头的焊缝熔深是评价焊接质量的关键指标之一,而焊接过程中的热输入信息和熔池图像信息都与焊缝熔深有密切关系。本文通过建立304L不锈钢薄板等离子弧搭接焊数据采集系统,利用LabVIEW实时检测电信息,采用视觉传感技术实时获取薄板等离子弧搭接焊过程中的熔池图像,并通过图像处理方法获得熔池的几何参数信息,结合焊接工艺参数,选择峰值电流、峰值电压、焊接速度、离子气流量、保护气流量、熔池宽度和熔池后端长度作为输入量,焊缝熔深作为输出量,建立了基于支持向量机回归和BP神经网络的熔深预测模型。实验验证表明,采用径向基函数的支持向量机回归模型可以有效地对焊缝熔深进行预测,并具有很好的泛化能力,可为进一步实现在线优化焊接工艺参数提供依据。     

不锈钢低压容器制造中应用等离子弧焊接的探讨

本文研究了8毫米厚18—8Ti不锈钢低压容器纵缝加环缝的等离子弧焊接工艺;比较了等离子弧焊、埋弧焊和手弧焊的焊接接头的机械性能、耐腐蚀性及经济指标;说明了等离予弧焊接是一种较好的不锈钢低压容器的焊接方法。     

不锈钢波纹管的制造与测试

对钨极气体保护焊(GTA)、等离子弧焊(PA)及二氧化碳激光束焊(LB)三种工艺方法的比较表明,等离子弧焊工艺是焊接不锈钢波纹管的最佳工艺。     

新型焊接工艺对不锈钢薄板焊缝成形及接头性能影响的研究进展

不锈钢薄板作为一种性能优越的节约型材料,广泛地应用于国民生产中的各个领域,具有良好的发展前景。基于不锈钢薄板的重要性,研究其焊接工艺对促进不锈钢薄板产业的发展具有重要意义。分析总结了焊接工艺对不锈钢薄板焊缝成形及接头性能影响的最新研究进展,表明:(1)激光焊接不锈钢薄板焊缝成形优于电弧焊,通过改进气体保护方式可提高焊缝成形质量,波形控制法可辅助改善电弧焊焊缝成形;(2)高能束焊、搅拌摩擦焊可极大地细化焊接接头晶粒,改善接头力学性能;(3)采用低热输入焊接工艺可以减轻焊接接头腐蚀敏感性,增加保护气体流量或外加磁场可提高电弧焊接头的耐腐蚀性。     

手工钨极氩弧焊在焊接不锈钢薄皮材料中的应用

钨极氩弧焊是现代工业制造中一种十分重要的焊接方式,本文分析了不锈钢薄板焊接熔池受力情况与该工件的焊接变形。详细介绍了钨极氩弧焊焊接不锈钢薄板时的焊接工艺要领和应用。     

用钨极氩弧焊焊接不锈钢方面的新技能

钨极氩弧焊是现代工业制造中一种十分重要的焊接方式，本文分析了不锈钢薄板焊接熔池受力情况与该工件的焊接变形。详细介绍了钨极氩弧焊焊接不锈钢薄板时的焊接工艺要领和应用。     

奥氏体不锈钢钨极氩弧焊焊接头的耐蚀性及电弧重熔

研究了手工钨极氩弧焊对奥氏体不锈钢 0 Cr1 9Ni9和 1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti表面耐蚀性的影响 ,以及微束等离子弧重熔对焊接接头耐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明 ,通常焊接对奥氏体不锈钢的表面耐蚀性有不利影响 ,焊接热影响区及焊缝金属的耐蚀性 ,较母材有所降低。但经微束等离子弧表面重熔后 ,表面重熔层快速凝固 ,细化了重熔层组织 ,显微偏析减小 ,铬碳化物在晶界的沉淀析出得到抑制 ,故此焊接接头的耐蚀性得以显著提高。     

奥氏体不锈钢钨极氩弧焊焊接头的耐蚀性及电弧重熔

研究了手工钨极氩弧焊对奥氏体不锈钢０Ｃｒ１９Ｎｉ９和１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ表面耐蚀性的影响,以及微束等离子弧重熔对焊接接头耐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明,通常焊接对奥氏体不锈钢的表面耐蚀性有不利影响,焊接热影响区及焊缝金属的耐蚀性,较母材有所降低。但经微束等离子弧表面重熔后,表面重溶层快速凝固,细化了重熔层组织,显微偏析减小,铬碳化物在晶界的沉淀析出得到抑制,故此焊接接头的耐蚀性得以显著提高。     

变极性等离子弧焊铝合金厚板工艺研究

变极性等离子弧焊是一种新型焊接方法,由于等离子弧对焊接工艺和规范参数的变化比较敏感,获得良好焊缝接头的合理规范参数范围窄、裕度小.本文通过工艺试验,探讨了变极性等离子弧焊16mm铝合金厚板的技术可行性,论述了其相对于传统弧焊工艺的优点.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.