ZnO/Sm-TiO_2纳米粉体制备及光催化性能

以钛酸四正丁酯为钛源,采用水热法制备Sm掺杂的纳米Sm-TiO2粉体.将ZnO引入到SmTiO2粉体中得到ZnO/Sm-TiO2粉体,研究不同焙烧温度、ZnO添加量对催化剂光催化性能的影响,确定最佳掺杂量及最佳焙烧温度;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段对产物进行表征.结果表明:Sm-ZnO共掺杂能抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,拓宽光催化剂的光谱响应范围,抑制了纳米晶体的生长;经掺杂后的TiO2纳米粉体的光催化性能有了明显的提高,在温度为400℃,Sm的掺杂质量百分比为0.2%,ZnO与TiO2的掺杂比为1∶8时所得样品的光催化效果最佳,甲基橙降解率可达96.34%.     

稀土离子(Sm~(3+),La~(3+))掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯和稀土氧化物Sm2O3、La2O3为原料,分别制备了掺杂稀土离子Sm2+和La3+的纳米TiO2光催化剂,分别进行了两种离子掺杂纳米材料在甲基橙溶液中的光催化降解实验,通过对制备条件优化,研究了光降解条件对降解效果的影响.结果表明:La2+掺杂纳米TiO2材料的光催化活性要优于Sm3+掺杂纳米TiO2材料.     

Ag纳米颗粒修饰对La掺杂ZnO纳米棒光催化性能的影响

采用水热法和光沉积制备Ag纳米颗粒修饰的La掺杂ZnO纳米棒,并通过光催化降解甲基橙(MO)溶液,考查了La掺杂浓度和Ag修饰对ZnO纳米棒光催化性能的影响.结果表明:La掺杂和Ag修饰能够提高ZnO纳米棒的光催化性能.La掺杂改变了ZnO纳米棒的结晶质量,La—O键的形成使ZnO晶体的本征吸收边红移且吸收强度增加,同...     

Al掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒的光催化性能

溶胶-凝胶法合成ZnO和Al掺杂ZnO(AZO),通过降解甲基橙(MO)评价纳米颗粒的光催化性能.与纯ZnO相比,Al掺杂使ZnO晶粒尺寸减小,比表面积增加.此外,Al掺杂诱发高浓度缺陷,从而调整ZnO晶体的能带结构.电子从导带跃迁到低能态的缺陷能级,能量差与可见光的能量吻合,从而大幅提高光催化过程中对可见光的利用率.AZO样品在可见光范围内都表现出优异的光催化性能,并且a(Al)=3%掺杂的ZnO表现出最佳的光催化性能,60 min降解效率为94%.     

ZnO纳米材料抑菌活性研究

为了探讨纳米材料的尺寸和浓度对其抑菌活性的影响,选用两种尺寸不同的ZnO纳米材料,通过TEM、SEM、XRD和Raman表征纳米材料的形貌、尺寸、晶体结构和化学成分,通过抑菌活性测试比较两种材料的抑菌性能.结果表明,ZnO纳米材料A的尺寸比B小,均属于六方晶系,具有纤锌矿结构,晶体质量良好.抑菌实验表明,两种纳米ZnO材料均对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有明显的抑制效果,浓度增大,抑菌圈直径也增大,即纳米材料浓度与抑菌效果正相关.浓度相同时,材料A比B显示出更强的抑制作用.相比之下,尺寸小的纳米ZnO材料是更有效的文物保护抑菌剂.     

ZnO纳米管的制备及光催化性能研究

采用"化学刻蚀法"成功将制得的ZnO纳米棒(ZnO nanorods,ZnO NRs)转换成ZnO纳米管(ZnO nanotubes,ZnO NTs).利用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、光致发光谱(photoluminescence,PL)等表征手段对样品的结构、形貌和性能进行了测试表征.实验结果表明,制得的ZnO NRs和ZnO NTs均为具有六方纤锌矿结构的纳米材料.PL结果显示,大比表面ZnO NTs的形成有效地抑制了光生载流子的复合,并产生了更多的表面缺陷,这将会对材料的光催化性能产生影响.紫外光下,ZnO NTs对有机染料罗丹明B的光催化降解效率优于ZnO NRs.     

Ce~(4+)掺杂ZnO纳米材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热法通过构建具有MOFs结构的Ce~(4+)掺杂沸石咪唑酯骨架材料ZIF-8前驱体,再高温热解制备了Ce/ZnO光催化纳米材料,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)、比表面积测定(BET)对样品结构进行表征.以罗丹明B(RhB)染料为目标降解物,考察了不同的Ce掺杂量及煅烧温度对Ce/ZnO的结构形貌和光催化性能的影响.实验结果表明,适量Ce掺杂后,Ce/ZnO粒径均一性与分散性更好,且颗粒更小,比表面积增大,可显著提高其光催化活性和光催化稳定性,煅烧温度过高会出现烧结现象促使光催化性能降低. Ce掺杂量为2%(质量分数),煅烧温度为600℃条件下制得的Ce/ZnO光催化性能最佳,对RhB光照降解1 h后降解率超过99%,4次循环催化后降解率仍达97.89%.     

模拟太阳光照射下Fe掺杂与Ag复合ZnO纳米材料的光催化性能研究

利用高分子网络凝胶法制备了Fe掺杂与Ag复合的ZnO纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光电子能谱(XPS)研究分析了样品的微结构和形貌与成分变化,采用光致发光(PL)和紫外-可见吸收谱(UV-vis)对样品的光学性质进行表征.在模拟太阳光照射下,以亚甲基蓝为光催化反应模型化合物,考察了掺杂对光催化活性的影响.无论是单复合Ag还是Fe掺杂后再Ag复合,光催化性能都优于ZnO.特别是同时进行Fe掺杂与Ag复合的ZnO,其光催化性能显著提高.结合微结构表征和光学测试,对ZnO及掺杂ZnO的光催化机理进行了讨论.     

ZnSe纳米颗粒的制备及光学性能研究

以硝酸锌和硒粉为源物质,以乙二醇和氢氧化钠的水溶液为反应介质,采用水热法制备了ZnSe纳米颗粒,利用差热分析仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光致发光谱(PL)对产物进行热稳定性、结构、形貌和光学性能表征.差热结果表明ZnSe在常温下具有一定稳定性,直到450℃以上时在空气中可转化为ZnO纳米材料.XRD和SEM研究结果表明,纳米颗粒具有闪锌矿结构并且随着反应时间的增加颗粒尺寸有所增大.PL测试显示近带边发射峰较强,这说明产物的结晶状况良好,并且具有较好的光致发光性能.     

铈掺杂氧化锌六角杯型结构纳米光催化剂的制备及其性能研究

通过微波辅助水热技术制备了新颖的六角杯型铈掺杂氧化锌(Ce/ZnO)纳米光催化材料.利用XRD,SEM,XPS,UV-Vis DRS等手段表征了上述材料的结构、形貌及光学特性.讨论了Ce/ZnO六角杯型结构可能的生长机理.实验结果表明:光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)的反应中,稀土Ce掺杂可以拓宽ZnO的光吸收范围,并进一步提高其光催化活性;不同的Ce掺杂浓度对Ce/ZnO光催化性能的影响存在一定的差异;Ce/ZnO在模拟太阳光激发下,经循环使用6次之后RhB的催化降解效率仍非常可观.该样品性能的提高得益于二元异质复合材料高效的光生电子和空穴的分离能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.