非超声乳化小切口白内障摘除人工晶体植入术临床体会

目的探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶体植入术的并发症及原因分析,以最大限度减少其发生。方法对325例(346只眼)白内障实施局麻下外上方角膜缘处巩膜隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶体植入术。结果术中并发症驱逐性出血0.3%,上方虹膜根部离断0.5%,后囊膜破裂2.9%,后弹力层1/3角膜面积撕脱0.3%;术后并发症角膜水肿4%,前房少许出血2%,反复出血0.3%,瞳孔无张力0.3%,人工晶体前膜4只眼1.1%,前房纤维素渗出0.3%。结论熟练操作与术中技巧的运用使小切口非超声乳化白内障手术并发症少,恢复快,效果满意,费用低,适合广大基层医院白内障工作的需要。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入在光明工程中的应用

目的 探讨非超声乳化小切口白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入的优点,及在基层开展复明行动的应用.方法 分析320例(340眼)白内障术后视力及并发症.结果 术后一周视力≥0.6者296例(占89.4%).结论 小切口白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入术有广泛的实用性,适宜在基层医院开展.     

小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶体植入术的临床观察

目的探讨适合基层和防盲工作开展的隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶体植入术的手术疗效。方法对210例(241眼)患者行隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶体植入术。结果术后视力:术后1周,矫正视力>0.5有125眼,占51.87%,其中≥0.8有75眼,占31.12%。术后视力<0.1有3眼,占1.24%。手术效果良好。结论巩膜隧道小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶体植入手术对手术条件要求不高,手术时间短,手术效果肯定,技术容易掌握,适宜在基层医院和防盲工作中推广。     

526例老年性白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术的临床观察

目的探讨超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术对老年白内障患者的手术治疗效果。方法对526例(637眼)老年白内障患者行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术,观察术后裸眼视力恢复情况及术后并发症。结果 526例(637眼)术后1d裸眼视力平均0.68±0.16,裸眼视力≥0.5者占78.18%;≥1.0者占25.27%;术后3个月复查裸眼视力≥0.5者占86.03%;≥1.0者占29.51%;526例患者裸眼视力均有不同程度的提高,术后主要并发症为角膜水肿、反应性葡萄膜炎、暂时性高眼压,无其他严重并发症。结论超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术是治疗老年性白内障的有效手术方法,疗效确切,术中规范操作可减少术后并发症的发生。     

白内障膨胀期继发青光眼的手术疗效观察

目的观察白内障膨胀期继发青光眼的手术效果。方法对42例(42眼)白内障膨胀期继发青光眼行手术治疗。其中5眼行单纯小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术;34眼行小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入联合小梁摘除术,另3眼行小切口白内障囊外摘出联合小梁切除术。结果术后眼压正常40眼(95.24%),术后视力均较术前明显提高,术后视力≥0.3者29眼(69.05%)。结论白内障膨胀期继发青光眼选择恰当的手术方式,可以控制眼压及提高视力,及时手术是预防白内障膨胀期继发性青光眼的有效措施。     

超声乳化白内障吸除治疗闭角型青光眼的临床观察

目的探讨超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶体植入术治疗闭角型青光眼的可行性。方法回顾分析2000年1月至2006年12月我科收住资料完整的闭角型青光眼患者59眼,其中46眼为急性患者,13眼为慢性患者,所有患者均行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶体植入术,术后随时访6月～1年。结果术后患者眼压均能控制在正常范围,前房角较术前有所增宽,中央前房深度明显加深,视野无进行性损害。结论闭角型青光眼行白内障超声乳化吸除联合后房型人工晶体植入术能有效降低眼压、加深前房、开放房角、疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

表面麻醉下白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术

目的探讨表面麻醉下白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术等问题。方法选取白内障93例(100只眼),前10只眼采用透明角膜或角膜缘切口,后90只眼改用常规巩膜隧道切口,应用显微有齿镊轻拉球结膜转动眼球,眼内超声乳化的操作。结果对93只眼无明显眼底病变者进行统计,术后1d和2周内裸露眼或矫正视力≥0.5者分别为87%和95%。结论术后视力恢复情况与过去常规球后或球旁麻醉结果无明显差异。     

剖析现代囊外(白内障)摘除

随着眼科显微手术的不断进步,以及人工晶体的不断发展更新,白内障超声乳化吸除技术得到大力推广,在国内一些发达地区已成为主要白内障复明主要手术。但白内障现代囊外摘除手术仍是眼科医生必须掌握的基本手术,是白内障超声乳化技术一种必要补充,本人经过多年临床,对现代囊外(白内障)摘除进行探讨。     

肝素处理人工晶体在糖尿病白内障手术中的应用

目的 观察肝素表面处理的人工晶体(HeparinsurfacemodifidIOL,简称HSM-IOL)在糖尿病白内障超声乳化术中发挥的作用。方法 对2008年1月至2009年12月期间在我院进行诊治的120眼糖尿病白内障患眼进行随机分组,人工晶体经肝素处理过的组为实验组60眼,年龄23～78岁,男41例,女19例,人工晶体屈光度:+3D～+28D;未处理的为对照组60眼,年龄25～82岁,男37例,女23例,人工晶体屈光度+2D～+29D。结果 分析资料采用行X列资料的卡方检验,2组对比有显著性差异。对照组炎症反应重者较实验组明显增加,(P<0.05)。术后随访至少1年,比较2组术后矫正视力情况。肝素处理组在术后1、2周时的视力明显优于对照组,随着时间的推移,视力的差别逐渐缩小,至术后1年左右2组视力无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 HSM-IOL可减轻糖尿病白内障患者的术后炎症反应。     

白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术后低视力原因探讨

目的 探讨白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术后低视力的主要原因及处理方法 .方法 回顾分析2000年1月至2004年5月行白内障摘除联合人工晶体植入术的外伤性白内障188眼、合并青光眼者89眼、合并2型糖尿病者122眼、葡萄膜炎27眼、高度近视61眼,单纯性老年性白内障100眼(对照组),术后3个月低视力的发生率及导致低视力的主要并发症.结果 术后3个月视力低于0.3者外伤性白内障为26.07%、合并青光眼组为29.21%、合并2型糖尿病组为25.41%、高度近视组为30.04%、葡萄膜炎组为18.51%、对照组为8%,前5组与对照组相比P＜0.01,均有显著性差异.结论 眼部原有疾病和已波及眼部组织的全身性疾病是导致低视力发生的主要因素.充分的术前准备、娴熟的手术技巧和正确的术后处理可减少低视力的发生率.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.