An approach to harmonic current-free AC/DC power conversion forlarge industrial loads: the integration of a series active filter with adouble-series diode rectifier

This paper proposes a new harmonic current-free AC/DC power conversion system characterized by the integration of a small-rated series active filter, with a large-rated double-series diode rectifier. The DC terminals of the active filter are directly connected in parallel with those of the diode rectifier, thereby forming a common DC bus. The active filter enables the diode rectifier to draw three-phase sinusoidal currents from the utility. In addition, it can provide the supplementary value-added function of regulating the common DC-bus voltage to a limited extent of ±5%, slightly increasing the RMS voltage rating, but not increasing the peak voltage rating. Experimental results obtained from a 5 kW laboratory system verify the practical viability and cost effectiveness of the proposed system     

两种新型24脉波整流电路

本文提出了两种新型的24脉波二极管整流电路。通过增加两个二极管和特殊的抽头均衡变压器将传统的12脉波整流电路改进成新型的24脉波整流电路，输入电流不含5、7、11、13、17、19次谐波。整流电路使用自耦变压器使得所需变压器的容量大大减少，第二种电路的自耦变压器容量(0.14Po)比第一种电路的容量(0.23Po)更小。仿真和实验结果证实两种电路的可行性     

阻基波滤波器对12脉波整流机组、电能质量的改善

大功率整流装置在城市轨道交通供电系统中广泛运用,其产生的谐波会对公共电网以及城轨牵引供电系统造成危害.24脉波整流机组网侧、直流侧谐波含量比12脉波整流机组少很多,但设备成本高.如果采用在12脉波整流机组网侧与直流侧分别连接滤波器的方法,能取得24脉波整流机组相近的效果,会节省大量的投资.分析了12、24脉波整流机组工作原理,24脉波谐波相消及滤波器设计原理.利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建24脉波整流机组和网侧、直流侧分别添加阻基波滤波器和单调谐滤波器的12脉波整流机组仿真模型,并对电流谐波进行傅里叶级数分析.结果表明,改善后的12脉波整流机组有效地减少了网侧、直流侧谐波含量,达到了24脉波整流机组相近的消谐效果,对城市轨道交通牵引供电系统具有重要的参考意义.     

地铁牵引供电系统中有源滤波器谐波控制研究

地铁牵引供电系统中多采用的是24脉波整流机组,是由两组12脉波整流机组并联组成。如果两组12脉波整流机组工作不稳定会产生大量的谐波,对地铁安全运行产生威胁。因此从整流机组的整流特性进行谐波分析,针对24脉波整流机组加入三电平有源滤波器进行谐波控制。主要对三电平有源滤波器的拓扑结构及控制算法进行深入分析和研究。最后通过仿真与实验结合说明该有源滤波器对地铁24脉波整流牵引供电系统非特征次谐波控制有一定的补偿作用。     

Compensation characteristics of shunt active and series active power filters

Active power filters have been used in practice to suppress the harmonic interference in power systems. To compensate for harmonic currents of loads, active power filters usually are connected to power systems in parallel with the loads. These filters, which are called shunt active filters here, are very effective for loads that can be considered as current sources, such as thyristor rectifiers with large dc reactances. Many papers have covered the shunt active filters applied to these current-source loads, however, none has discussed characteristics of the shunt active filters when they are applied to voltage-source loads. On the other hand, since more and more diode rectifiers with capacitive dc filters have recently been used, harmonics generated by them have become an issue. The diode rectifier with capacitive dc filters behaves as a voltage source rather than a current source. When a shunt active filter is applied to such a diode rectifier, the current injected from the shunt active filter may flow into the diode rectifier. As a result, harmonics of the source current cannot be reduced effectively, and harmonic current flowing into the diode rectifier increases greatly. This paper presents the aforementioned problem of shunt active filters analytically and experimentally. Then a series active filter is proposed to suppress the harmonic current of the diode rectifiers. The features, operating conditions, and considerations of shunt active filters and series active filters are described analytically and demonstrated experimentally. Taking a diode rectifier with capacitive dc filter as a typical voltage-source load, compensation characteristics of shunt active filters and series active filters are discussed by experiment and simulation. The validity of the series active filters is illustrated experimentally.     

基于相移变压器的双桥整流器

为了消除电源电流中的特定谐波,首先采用相移变压器的双桥12脉冲整流器拓朴结构,用相移变压器相互抵消原理消除其线电流iA中的5、7、17和19次等谐波,同时采用选择谐波消除调制(SHE-PWM)法消除iA中所包含的11、13次谐波。SHE-PWM非线性方程组中各种情况下全部开关角度用数值计算法解出。用MATLAB软件和DSP320LF2407硬件平台仿真和实验研究该整流器的结果表明,这种整流器的调制电流iA<23次的谐波全部消除,线电压所有谐波失真仅1.49%,符合国际上对电能质量谐波失真的最严格的要求。     

三相整流桥直流侧并联型有源电力滤波器

针对不可控三相二极管整流桥,提出了一种三相直流侧并联型有源电力滤波器拓扑结构及其控制策略,该滤波器由工作在工频的3个低频开关和两个串联的双向Boost电路构成。控制策略采用无需进行谐波电流检测和计算的单周控制方法,可抑制整流桥前端注入电网的谐波电流,使整个整流桥装置从电网吸收的电流接近正弦波,功率因数近似为1。与传统的交流侧有源电力滤波器相比,可以减少高频有源开关的数量,降低成本;与功率因数校正器相比,仅处理负载电流中的谐波分量,可减小谐波治理装置的额定容量。仿真和实验结果证明了所提方法的正确性。     

Three-phase active harmonic rectifier (AHR) to improve utility input current THD in telecommunication power distribution system

Modern telecommunication power supply systems have several parallel-connected switch-mode rectifiers to provide -48 V DC. A typical switch-mode rectifier configuration includes a three-phase diode rectifier followed by a DC-DC converter. Such a system draws significant harmonic currents for the utility, resulting in poor input power factor and high total harmonic distortion. In this paper, a three-phase active harmonic rectifier (AHR) scheme is proposed. In the AHR scheme, a diode rectifier module is replaced by a six-insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor pulsewidth-modulation rectifier to supply load harmonics as well as its own active power. Each DC-DC converter module is connected to a shared 48-V DC link. The AHR module together with parallel-connected switch-mode rectifiers is controlled to achieve clean input power characteristics. The VA ratings of the AHR scheme is compared with an active power filter approach. The control design is based on the synchronous reference frame approach. Analysis, simulation, and experimental results show that the AHR offers several advantages such as lower VA rating, better current control response, efficient use of the AHR DC link, small size, and stable DC-link voltage control.     

Mitigation of Current Harmonics for Multipulse Diode Front-End Rectifier Systems

Multipulse rectifier system has been shown to be a cost-effective harmonic solution in many industries where IEEE 519 is specified. However, it is susceptible to poor quality of the input source of the power distribution system where the phase unbalance of the source voltage and preexisting low-order harmonic voltages are presented. A small amount of voltage unbalance with preexisting harmonics can create large amount of current harmonics to the input source. Consequently, a stricter preexisting voltage total harmonic distortion condition has to be specified for an 18-pulse rectifier to meet the IEEE 519 current-harmonics requirement. This paper introduces a dc link passive filtering method to solve this problem. It greatly reduces the current harmonics created by the phase unbalance, the fifth-, and the seventh-order voltage harmonics by adding several series LC resonant loops into the dc link. As a result, the proposed 18-pulse rectifier can meet IEEE 519 under several abnormal source voltage conditions of the ac line. Theory analysis, simulation, and experimental result are provided in this paper to verify the effectiveness of this method     

12脉波不控整流系统中的环流分析

在多相大功率变频调速系统中,通常采用整流桥并联型多脉波不控整流系统抑制整流桥交流侧电流波形畸变,减小输出直流电压脉动,提高整流侧电流等级.然而由于移相变压器次级绕组不匹配等原因,多脉波不控整流系统存在一个直流环流.这里建立了并联型12脉波不控整流系统的平均模型,对移相变压器次级绕组输出电压不相等和次级绕组漏抗不匹配时产...     

一种用于12脉波整流器谐波抑制的交错并联变换器

12脉波整流系统存在输入电流谐波含量较高的问题,对此本文详细分析了系统交直流侧电流关系,明确了有源平衡电抗器(AIPR)原边环流抑制输入电流谐波的机理,设计了交错并联Boost PFC电路对AIPR原边电流进行调制,以降低系统交流侧输入电流谐波;同时将能量馈送至12脉波整流系统输出负载侧,以实现谐波能量的重新利用。利用Matlab/Simulink对所设计的系统进行了仿真验证,并在9 kW功率等级下进行了实验验证。结果表明,仅需加入系统容量2%左右的变换器,即可将输入电流THD降低至原来的1/3,验证了该方法在大功率场合谐波抑制的有效性。     

A practical approach to harmonic compensation in powersystems-series connection of passive and active filters

The authors present a combined system with a passive filter and a small-rated active filter, both connected in series with each other. The passive filter removes load produced harmonics just as a conventional filter does. The active filter plays a role in improving the filtering characteristics of the passive filter. This results in a great reduction of the required rating of the active filter and in eliminating all the limitations faced by using only the passive filter, leading to a practical and economical system. The active filter has a much smaller rating than a conventional active filter. Experimental results obtained from a prototype model are shown to verify the theory developed     

A proposal of a 3.3‐kV/6.6‐kV transformerless hybrid filter,and experimental verification based on a 200‐V laboratory system

This paper proposes a transformerless shunt hybrid filter for harmonic compensation of a three‐phase six‐pulse diode rectifier, where the AC line‐to‐line voltage is 3.3 or 6.6 kV. The hybrid filter consists of a single tuned LC filter per phase and an active filter with a DC capacitor voltage as low as 300 or 600 V. The two filters are directly connected in series with each other without a transformer. The passive filter absorbs harmonic currents produced by the rectifier, whereas the active filter improves the filtering characteristics of the passive filter. The required rating of the active filter is much smaller than that of a conventional shunt active filter used alone. Another advantage is that no additional switching‐ripple filter is required for the active filter because the LC filter acts not only as a tuned LC filter around the seventh‐harmonic frequency but also as a switching‐ripple filter around 10 kHz. A feedforward control scheme is also proposed to improve the active filter performance. Experimental results obtained from a 200‐V, 5‐kW laboratory system and simulation results of a 3.3‐kV, 300‐kW system confirm the validity and effectiveness of the system. The hybrid filter gives satisfactory compensation performance, thus allowing us to put it into practical use. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(2): 54–65, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10236     

一种直流侧带混合谐波抑制电路的24脉波整流器

常规12脉波整流器会对电网造成大量谐波污染。为同时提高整流器交、直流侧电能质量,提出了一种直流侧带混合谐波抑制电路(Hybrid Harmonic Suppression Circuit, HHSC)的24脉波整流器。所提整流器由常规12脉波整流器、抽头变换器(Tapped Inter-Phase Converter, TIPC)和补偿电路(Compensation Circuit, CC)组成。TIPC的输出端与负载串联,直接调制整流桥的输出电流和电压。CC与负载并联,间接调制整流桥的输出电流,然后根据交、直流两侧电流关系和直流侧电压关系,最终使整流器输入电流接近正弦波,输出电压由12脉波倍增至24脉波。该方法仅需小容量(仅为输出功率的2.65%)的HHSC即可有效降低输入电流谐波和输出电压纹波,具有高谐波抑制性能、低谐波抑制代价等优点。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真模型,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

一种直流侧使用低损耗无源脉波倍增电路的并联型24脉波整流器

传统无源式抽头平衡变换器虽然可以降低12脉波整流器的网侧电流总谐波畸变率，但其抽头与负载回路串联引起的高损耗问题严重制约了该方法在大功率整流场合的应用。为此，提出一种损耗低、易于实现的无源谐波抑制方案。该方案仅需在12脉波整流器的直流侧配置两个具有对称结构的双抽头平衡变换器，利用辅助二极管调制原理产生的方波电流，将整流器的脉波数由12倍增至24倍。与无源式两抽头平衡变换器相比，所提方案在实现相同的谐波抑制效果前提下，降低辅助二极管电流有效值至2%。所提方案具有鲁棒性强、损耗低和易于实现的优点，更适合应用于低压大电流场合。     

A new active interphase reactor for 12-pulse rectifiers providesclean power utility interface

In this paper, a new active interphase reactor for twelve-pulse diode rectifiers is proposed. The proposed system draws near sinusoidal currents from the utility. In this scheme, a low kVA [0.02 P_o (PU)] active current source injects a triangular current into an interphase reactor of a twelve-pulse diode rectifier. This modification results in near sinusoidal utility line currents with less than 1% THD. It is further shown that a low kVA, 12-pulse system with an autotransformer arrangement [kVA rating of 0.18 P_o (PU)] can be implemented with the proposed active interphase reactor. The resulting system draws clean power from the utility and is suitable for powering larger kVA AC motor drive systems. Detailed analysis of the proposed scheme along with design equations is illustrated. Simulation results verify the concept. Experimental results are provided from a 208 V, 10 kVA rectifier system     

一种适用于HVDC带双无源谐波注入的串联型36脉波整流器

为了提升海上风电并网HVDC系统中的串联型二极管多脉波整流器的谐波抑制能力,提出一种基于直流回路双无源注入电路的串联型36脉波整流器。该整流器采用两个辅助无源注入电路,通过电流调制后产生电压注入谐波,最终可将交流侧输入相电压由12阶梯波倍增至36阶梯波。分析了双无源注入电路工作原理及特性。在此基础上,推导了整流器交流侧输入电压表达式。并以电压谐波畸变率最小为目标,设计了注入变压器的匝比参数。最后结合工程应用,讨论了辅助无源电路中二极管开路故障时系统的容错能力。理论分析及仿真结果表明,所提出的整流器具有谐波抑制能力强、结构简单、可靠性高和鲁棒性强等优点,更适用于高电压大功率场合。     

一种新型混合有源滤波器及其复合控制策略设计

混合有源滤波器是一种有效的谐波抑制方式。电力系统中谐波源负载种类繁多,特性各异,针对目前应用最为广泛的三相整流桥负载,在以往混合滤波器研究的基础上,提出了一种新型单调谐混合滤波器,对其无源滤波部分依据有源部分容量最小的原则进行了设计,并对其工作原理进行了详细的分析研究。针对所设计的混合滤波器的特有结构,设计了其复合控制策略。该复合控制策略在不影响系统稳定性的基础上,提高了系统的滤波性能,保证了有源滤波器小容量下良好的运行性能。对所设计的复合控制器在频域和时域内进行了稳定性分析。仿真和实验结果验证了所提出的拓扑结构和复合控制策略的有效性。     

可控并联十二脉波四象限运行整流电源的研制

在核聚变实验装置中,大电流四象限运行装置将得到广泛的应用.若使用传统的控制方法,并联十二脉波四象限运行系统将存在着环流通道多,电抗器多等问题.有鉴于此,本文提出了一种将有环流运行和无环流运行相结合,六脉波与十二脉波运行相结合的运行方法.该方法控制简单,过零平滑、迅速;环流小、环流通道仅为一条,有效地减少了造价.     

新型大功率UPS低电流谐波整流装置的研制

分析了大功率UPS的整流装置工作原理和设计方案,分别对12脉冲整流技术、12相移相变换技术以及11次谐波滤波技术进行分析和研究,并用Matlab软件对整流装置进行了模型仿真,研制成功了一台采用"12脉冲整流加11次谐波滤波器"的低输入电流谐波大功率UPS整流装置,该整流装置实现了对谐波的有效抑制,达到国家大功率UPS输...