低苯基含量二苯基硅橡胶的制备及应用

以苯基环体、二甲基环硅氧烷为原料,在催化剂存在下,经开环共聚、降解、脱除低沸物,制得低苯基含量的二苯基硅橡胶。讨论了苯基含量、封头剂用量、原料纯度、催化剂用量、加料顺序、工艺条件对产品制备及性能的影响,结果表明：苯基含量（摩尔分数）５％～７％,催化剂占总投料量的３×１０－４～７×１０－４,聚合平衡时间５～８ｈ,采用ＫＨ－ＣＬ为交联剂时生产的硫化胶符合要求。     

用Suzuki偶合法制备3,5—二苯基硝基苯及3,5—二苯基苯胺

３,５－二苯基硝基苯（１）及３,５－二苯基苯胺（２）是有机合成常用的有机试剂,在不对称合成及偶合反应中经常使用［１］。文献［２］中使用Ｕｌ－ｍａｎｎ偶合反应从３,５－二碘基苯同碘苯反应制备１,产率只有２４％。我们采用３,５－二溴硝基苯与苯硼酸偶合方法...     

二苯基硅二醇简单而经济的合成方法

用二苯基二氯硅烷(Ph2SiCl2)在氢氧化钠水溶液中直接水解合成二苯基硅二醇[Ph2Si(OH)2],研究了反应条件对产率的影响。结果表明,在氢氧化钠浓度为5%,反应温度0~2℃,反应时间4 h的条件下,二苯基硅二醇的产率为92%,与文献报道值相当。     

二苯基丙酮合成最新方法

二苯基丙酮合成最新方法章明（江西中医学院药学系，南昌３３０Ｏ０６）二苯基丙酮是有机合成重要中间体，例如杀鼠剂敌鼠钠盐（ｄｉｐｈｅｎａｄｉｏｎｅ）是采用它和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯在甲醇钠作用下缩合而成，但是，有关二苯基丙酮的合成方法探索较少见报道，本文报道了...     

二苯基脲衍生物的合成研究

以取代苯胺为原料，经甲酰化、胺解合成了二个二苯基脲衍生物，利用元素分析、红外光谱对目标化合物进行了结构表征，并讨论了反应温度、反应时间对收率的影响。     

二苯基乙酸合成方法的研究

以苯、乙醛酸为原料，以浓硫酸为催化经一步反应得二苯基乙酸。通过选择适宜的反应条件，可使产率达８０％。     

二苯基二乙氧基硅烷的合成研究

以乙醇、二苯基二氯硅烷为原料采用直接法合成二苯基二乙氧基硅烷。考察了反应时间、反应温度、原料配比、溶剂用量等因素对反应的影响。实验结果表明,最佳的反应条件为:n(乙醇)∶n(二苯基二氯硅烷)=2.6∶1,保温82℃反应5 h,甲苯用量50 g。在此条件下,产品收率达86.7%,产品纯度高达97.2%。采用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了确证。     

MDC分解法制备MDI的研究进展

综述了MDC（二苯基甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯）分解法制备MDI（二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯）的机理、分类、反应条件及国内外有关研究进展;以烷类或酯类作溶剂,锌或锌的氧化物作催化剂的工艺会逐渐成熟;开发性能优良、价格便宜、工业应用前景良好的催化剂体系,实现装置的连续化生产和采用恰当的反应工艺以利于实际工业生产是未来的研究方向。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.