Association of Atrial Fibrillation and Amino-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations in Patients After Off- Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Objectives To investigate the possible role of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation （AF） after coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG）. Methods This study group included 70 consecutive patients scheduled for elective off-pump CABG. The patients with ejection fraction （EF） less than 0. 30, history of AF, use of class Ⅰ or Ⅲ antiarrhythmic drug, implanted pacemaker, postoperative myocardial infarction or chest reopening for pericardial tamponade were excluded. Preoperative and postoperative serum NT-proBNP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay technique. Results Postoperative AF occurred in 15 patients （21.4%）; these patients had significantly higher median NT-proBNP levels when compared with those without AF after the operation （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, an increase in NT-proBNP level after CABG was found to be independently associated with AF （ OR = 3.78, 95% IC = 1.81 - 4. 89, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Increased age, diabetes mellitus, preoperative use of β-blocker, proximal right coronary artery involvement, and longer operation time were al- so associated with AF. Conclusions These results indicated that AF was associated with higher NT-proBNP concentrations after off pump CABG; the increase in NT-proBNP after CABG may play an important role in the occurrence of AF after the operation. The further studies are needed to define the reason that lead to higher NT-proBNP concentrations among the patients who present AF after off pump CABG.     

The Utility of B-type Natriuretic Peptide to Predict Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Complicated With Cardiogenic Shock Treated With Intra-aortic Ballon Counterpulsation

Objectives To assess the prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） in severe AMI patients treated with intra-aortic ballon counterpulsation（IABP）. Methods A total of 42 AMI patients with cardiogenic shock were retrospectively studied. BNP plasma level was recorded in the 24th hour and 4th day after myocardial infarction. The different mortality were compared among patients with different BNP levels. Results With aggressive treatment, 20 patients survived short term hospitalization. Plasma concentration of BNP in dying patients is much higher than in survivals（1369 ± 353 vs 651 ± 302 pg/ml. P〈 0.01）.Patients with BNP higher than 1474 pg/mL had a mortality of 92.9 %. Conclusions Elevated BNP level in AMI patients with cardiogenic shock treated with IABP is highly associated with poor prognosis.     

血尿酸水平与心血管疾病相关性的研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高、饮食结构的改变和人口老龄化,近年来我国高尿酸血症（HUA）患者己达1．2亿人,成为继高血压、高血脂、高血糖之后的第四高[1]。过去人们一直认为,尿酸升高带来的主要问题是痛风性关节炎、痛风石及肾脏尿酸性结石的形成[2]。自1951年Gertler等[3]首次将尿酸描述为心血管疾病一个可能的危险因素后,60多年过去了,人们逐渐发现高尿酸血症与心血管疾病之间存在着一定的联系。     

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ2 Pro12Ala and C-689T Polymorphisms and Haplotypes Affect the Profiles of Coronary Heart Disease in Diabetic Chinese People

Objectives Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2（PPARγ2） variant Pro12Ala was demonstrated with risk of coronary heart disease （CHD） and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Another variant C-689T in the promoter was reported with lower receptor activity but lack of reports on association between C-689T and CHD or T2DM. Methods A total of 351 subjects without CHD and T2DM （controls） and 125 patients with CHD and T2DM （cases） were enrolled in our case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） was used to detect Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms. And effects on CHD merged with T2DM of the two polymorphisms were analyzed in individual and haplotype analyses. Results In the study, Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala genotype frequencies were 92.9%, 6.8% and 0.3% in controls; 92.8%, 7.2% and 0.0% in cases respectively whilst CC, CT and TT genotype frequencies were 93.4%, 6.3% and 0.3% in controls; 92.8%, 7.2% and 0.0% in cases respectively. Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium （D＇=0.81, P=0.000） and the observed haplotype frequency of Pro-C, Pro-T, Ala-C and Ala-T was 0.957, 0.006, 0.008 and 0.028 respectively. No significant associations were detected between the two polymorphisms and CHD merged with T2DM in either individual or haplotype analyses. In subjects with obesity [body mass index （BMI）≥25 kg/m^2], we found that both Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms were associated with BMI. In haplotype analyses, we found that Pro12Ala and C-689T haplotypes had associations with systolic blood pressure in total population, with BMI, waist circle and total cholesterol（TC） in obesity subgroup and with fasting blood glucose and TC in males. Conclusions PPARγ2 Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms and haplotypes affect the profiles of CHD merged with T2DM in Chinese Han people.     

Application of Six-minute Walk Test in Heart Transplantation Patients

Objectives To analyze the six-minute walk test （6MWT） and gas exchange of 5 heart transplantation patients and to approach the variation tendency of exercise tolerance, oxygen uptake （ VO2 ） and heart rate chronotropic response. Methods 5 cases of heart transplantation patients （ age 25 - 52 years） were undertaken 6MWT 6 - 30 months after operation, synchronizing gas exchanging parameters were measured by wireless portable remote sensing K4B^2 gas analyzer, 51 normal controls were compared. Results The six-minute walk distance （6MWD） of 5 patients were （592.6 ± 26.7 ） m （558 - 625 ） m, the ascending tendency during exercise was slower, the maximum heart rates were 80% ± 6% of age-predicting maximal heart rate, lower than normal control （86%） ; the end point VO2/kg were （21.8 ± 1.4 ） mL/min · kg （ 19. 94 - 23.60） mL/min · kg. Conclusions The 6WMD and VO2 of 5 patients reached normal range, but the heart rate chronotropic response and VO2 ascending tendency were slower than those of normal controls.     

Cardioprotective effects of trimetazidine on patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block

Background The effects of trimetazidine on patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and left bundle branch block(LBBB) are not clear. Methods Sixty consecutive patients with DCM, LBBB and heart dysfunction(35% ≤ LVEF ≤ 45%) were randomly allocated to heart failure therapy plus trimetazidine group(20 mg three times a day; 30 patients) or heart failure therapy alone group(30 patients). During follow-up of 6months, QRS morphology, plasma NT-proBNP, 6-minute walk test(6MWT) and echocardiographic indexes were measured. Results At the 6th month, a significant functional improvement was noted in patients receiving trimetazidine added to heart failure treatment. In patients from the trimetazidine group, an increase of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was noted(from 38 ± 5.5% to 47 ± 7.1%, P = 0.020). The increase of LVEF in the trimetazidine group was associated with a more significant reduction of the left ventricular endsystolic diameter(LVESD) compared with the control group at 6-month follow-up. The NT-pro BNP levels decreased significantly in the trimetazidine group(3.11 ± 0.47 at baseline and 2.77 ± 0.45 at 6-month followup, P 0.01) and the 6MWT increased significantly in the trimetazidine group(325 ± 44 m at baseline and419 ± 56 m at 6-month follow-up, P 0.01). The differences in NT-pro BNP levels(2.77 ± 0.45 vs 2.96 ±0.46, P = 0.036) and 6MWT(419 ± 56 m vs 366 ± 54 m, P = 0.032) between the two groups were significant at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions Trimetazidine can improve LV function caused by DCM and LBBB. The positive effects of trimetazidine on LV function are especially evident in patients with optimization of drug therapy for heart failure, which strongly suggests an additive effect of these therapy modalities.     

Comparison of Ventricular Electrophysiological Effects of Amiodarone in Canine Models With Congestive Heart Failure and Normal Dogs

Objectives This study compared the effects of amiodarone on ventricular electrophysiological properties in normal dogs and CHF dogs. Methods Dogs （n=44） were randomized into four groups： Group 1 （n=10） was the control. Group 2 （n=10） was given amiodarone orally 300 mg·d^-1 for 4 to 5 weeks. Group 3 （n=12） was the congestive heart failure （CHF） models induced by right ventricular rapid pacing （240 pulses·min^-1 for 4 to 5 weeks）. Group 4 （n=12） was the CHF models given amiodarone orally 300 mg·d^-1 for 4 to 5 weeks. The ventricular electrophysiological variables were evaluated by standard electric stimulation and monophasic action potential （MAP） recording. Results Amiodarone prolonged sinus cycle length （SCL）, intra-ventricular conduction time （IVCT）, MAP duration （MAPD90）, ventricular effective period （VERP）, ventricular activation time （VAT） and ventricular recovery time （VRT） without significant effects on the ratio of VERP to MAPD90 （VERP/MAPD90）, ventricular fibrillation threshold （VFT）, the dispersion of VRT （VRT-D）, and ventricular late repolarization duration （VLRD） in normal dogs. However, amiodarone did not further prolong the prolonged SCL, MAPD90, VERP, VAT and VRT, but further prolonged IVCT in CHF dogs. Amiodarone normalized the abnormal ventricular electrophysiological properties in CHF dogs as manifested by increasing the decreased VERP/MAPD90 and VFT, shortening the prolonged VLRD, and decreasing the increased VRT-D. Amiodarone did not worsen the hemodynamic parameters in normal and CHF dogs. Conclusions Amiodarone had different effects on ventricular electrophysiological properties in normal and CHF dogs. The favorable effects of amiodarone in normalizing some abnormal cardiac electrophysiological properties in CHF models may have potential value on the prevention and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in CHF.     

Changes in B-type Natriuretic Peptide Levels before and after Elective Major Non-cardiac Surgery in Patients With Heart Disease

Objectives To measure circulating B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） levels in patients with heart disease undergoing elective major non-cardiac surgery and to explore the relationship between the changes in BNP level and cardiac events after surgical intervention. Methods Subjects comprised 232 patients with heart disease undergoing elective major non- cardiac surgery. Patients were classified into two groups based on BNP concentrations before surgery： those with BNP plasma levels ≤ 100 pg/mL （ Group A, n = 170） ; and those with BNP plasma levels 〉 100 pg/mL （ Group B, n = 62 ）. Preoperative BNP sampling was undertaken 24h before surgery, and postoperative 2 h after surgery. Screening for cardiac events was performed using clinical criteria, cardiac tropnin I analysis and serial electrocardiography. Results There was no significant difference in BNP concentrations between before surgery （73.5 ± 20. 6） pg/mL and after non- cardiac surgery （69.3 ± 27.5 ） pg/mL in group A （P 〉 0. 05 ）, while there was a significant difference in BNP concentrations between before surgery （ 149.3 ± 73.5 ） pg/mL and after non-cardiac surgery （ 341.5 ± 162. 4 ） pg/mL in group B （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Patients with postoperative cardiac events had significantly higher BNP levels （207.3 ± 99. 1 ） pg/mL before and （416. 9 ± 202. 8） pg/mL after non-cardiac surgery than those in patients with no cardiac events in group B. There was a significant difference in cardiac events between group A, in which no patient had cardiac events, and group B, in which 15 patients had cardiac events （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusions The changes in BNP levels after non- cardiac surgery were influenced by the preoperative levels of BNP, and relative to cardiac events.     

6分钟步行试验在慢性心力衰竭患者中的应用进展

<正>对慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)患者心功能的评估,除要考虑心功能分级、左心室射血分数的变化外,一般还应有运动耐量的指标。作为评估运动耐量的金标准,心肺运动测试(cardiopulmonary exercise testing,CPET)因设备复杂、需要专业人员参与及要求患者达到最大运动量,其在临床上的应用受到了限制。而6分钟步行试验(6 minute walk test,6MWT)简便易行、运动强度接近人体日常活动,临床上易被患者接受,对评估患者运动耐量具有一定的作用。近年来,6MWT的应用领域已逐渐扩展到预测患者预后及评价心力衰竭治疗效果。最近,国外有研究者试图将6MWT     

The Treatment of Ostial Coronary Arteriopathy Secondary to Thoracic Irradiation With Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting： A Case Report and Review of Literatures

Objectives We report a case in which a patient who suffered from angina secondary to mediastinal irradiation and have been treated by off-pump coronary artery bypass （OPCAB） in our hospital since 3 years ago. A 34-year-old man presented with angina for 8 years after receiving radiation therapy for Hodgkin＇s lymphoma. We retrospectively reviewed all the cases of OPCAB in our hospital and followed-up data for up to 3 years post-operatively. Mediastinal irradiation is probably the cause of significant ostial stenosis of left main coronary and right coronary artery. OPCAB grafting was performed on this patient 3 years ago. His angina disappeared after operation, and he recovered well during follow-up. Conclusions Patients with malignancies who have received mediastinal irradiation should be carefully followed up and routinely screened for the premature development of coronary artery disease. OPCAB may be an appropriate treatment for coronary artery disease caused by mediastinal irradiation.     

颈动脉高分辨磁共振成像预测冠心病的价值

目前心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease,CVD）在美国已成为死亡的主要原因[1],其发病率在国内也逐年升高并呈年轻化趋势,且死亡率已超过肿瘤,成为严重危害人民健康的第一杀手,其中最常见的病种为冠心病.研究发现,急性心血管事件的元凶超过2/3发生于非显著狭窄性病变,由斑块破裂造成[2],因此血管壁病变而不是血管腔病变才是各种心脑血管病发生和发展的基础[3].对于动脉轻度狭窄的患者,仅了解血管的狭窄程度己不能全面反映病变的严重程度,对动脉粥样硬化斑块成分分析及稳定性的判断逐渐受到人们的重视.     

Changes of Clinical Features of Aortic Dissection Over Ten Years

Objectives To investigate changes of clinical features of aortic dissection （AD） in recent years in Guangzhou. Methods Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with AD over 10 years in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute. Demographic features and outcomes in cases presenting with acute dissection were compared between patients admitted in two five-year periods. Results 339 patients with AD were admitted during the recent ten years. Their mean age was 55.7 ± 11.2 years. Male verse female ratio was 4.8. Surgery was performed in 37 % of cases with acute type A and 7 % with acute type B dissection. Apart from a fast increase in number of patients admitted each year, there were no significant changes in demographic characteristics over these ten years. Survival of patients with acute dissection showed a trend of improvement, though it had not been statistically confirmed. Conclusions The number of admitted patients with AD has been fast increasing in Guangzhou. These patients were about ten years younger than previously reported by foreign researchers. Surgery was much less frequently performed than it was in western countries. Survival in acute cases showed a trend of improvement. These data support urgent improvement in prevention and management of aortic dissection.     

Vacuum sealing drainage technique in the treatment of poor healing wounds after heart valve surgery： experience in cardiac nursing

Background Poor wound healing or postoperative infection after open-heart surgery is most commonly seen. If not treated in time or the infection progresses, it can lead to sternal infection, even mediastinal and pericardial infection, causing a higher mortality rate. Vacuum sealing drainage(VSD) is a new technology to promote wound healing. We studied the use of VSD technique in poor wound healing after heart valve surgery to see if it could achieve good therapeutic efficacy. Methods From 2013 October to 2014 October in Guangdong General Hospital, 86 cases of the application of vacuum sealing drainage technique in the treatment of cardiac nonunion after valve replacement in patients with nursing observation. The treatment time, death rate and infection rate, etc were compared. Results Wound healing time of 86 patients receiving vacuum sealing drainage was 14.6 ± 3.6 days, and no patient died. Two patients came back to hospital for repair due to dehiscence of the incision after discharge. Conclusion Nursing observation and drainage management were the key of VSD. VSD technique is worthy to be popularized clinically.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病的饮食治疗

随着高脂肪高热量膳食的盛行、生活节奏的加快和多坐少动生活方式的流行,肥胖、糖尿病及其相关非酒精性脂肪性肝病（Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases,NAFLD）已成为愈来愈重要的慢性非传染性流行病。在重度肥胖症患者中,NAFLD的发病率高达90%,其中20%～30%为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）,高达8%患者已发展至肝硬化阶段。     

两次食管静脉曲张硬化治疗后均发生化脓性胆囊炎1例报告

<正>1病历资料男性,患者,41岁,2007年因乙型肝炎肝硬化、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血于外院行内镜下食管静脉曲张硬化治疗术,术后患者出现化脓性胆囊炎,经保守治疗后病情缓解。该患者2013年8月因再次"呕血、黑便1 d"入住威海市立医院,本次住院前曾行B超检查:肝硬化,门静脉高压,脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉、下腔静脉肝后段栓塞,胆囊多发结石,胆囊壁厚。住院后随即行相关化验检查,血常规:白细胞(WBC)4.7×109/L,中性粒     

继发性硬化性胆管炎误诊1例

病例：患者女，57岁，主诉皮肤、巩膜黄染1月余于2006年7月19日入院：患者入院前1个月无明显诱因出现皮肤、巩膜黄染症状，无腹痛、发热、恶心、呕吐和皮肤瘙痒症状：查体腹部无异常体征。既往有多囊肝、多囊肾病史。有子宫切除术史、肝囊肿开窗术史。入院后行磁共振胰胆管造影术（MRCP）示：肝囊肿术后，多发肝囊肿，左右肝管增粗、扩张．考虑为肝门部囊肿压迫所致．     

心肌后处理保护机制的研究进展

<正>心肌梗死属冠心病的严重类型,是因冠状动脉血供急性减少或中断,使相应的心肌严重而持久地急性缺血导致的心肌坏死。早期再灌注是挽救缺血心肌的唯一方法,恢复血流灌注可防止梗死面积扩大,保护心脏功能。目前心肌梗死的再灌注治疗主要有溶栓和冠状动脉介入治疗,但再灌注开始的几分钟内,由于细胞内钙超载、三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)合成不足、氧自由基爆发及膜磷脂的缺失而产生不可逆的细胞损害,包括心肌细胞坏死、凋亡,心肌收     

《HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家共识》解读

<正>HBV和HCV慢性感染是我国肝细胞癌(HCC)主要的病因,病毒持续高水平复制对HCC患者的预后会产生重大影响。HCC是慢性嗜肝病毒感染的延续,又以肝硬化为基础,临床工作中需要多学科共同参与治疗方案的设计和执行。2013年中华医学会肝病学分会主持制订了《HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家建议》[1],在临床推广过程中受到临床一线相关科室广泛欢迎。之后在吴孟超院士和汤钊猷院士指导下,经     

原发性淀粉样变性致巨大肝伴高尿酸血症1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者,男性,55岁,主因"腹部胀痛、纳差1个月,症状加重伴双下肢水肿4 d"入院。入院前1个月无明显诱因出现腹部胀痛、纳差,为阵发性隐痛,腹胀呈进行性加重,饮食量较前明显减少,大便干燥,1次/3 d,偶尔大便表面带血,遂到某中心医院住院治疗。肝功能示:ALT 23 U/L,AST 49 U/L,GGT 742 U/L,ALP 295 U/L,白蛋白25.9 g/L。腹部CT:(1)肝脏肿胀,脾稍大;(2)脾脏边缘中     

他汀类药物在心房颤动上游治疗中抗炎抗氧化应激作用的研究进展

<正>心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)是临床最常见的心律失常之一,其导致的脑卒中及其他血栓栓塞事件是患者死亡或致残的主要原因。随着AF的发病率越来越高,其对现有的治疗手段也提出了挑战。上游治疗实质上是近年来提出的非抗心律失常药物预防和治疗AF的一种新方法,即针对炎症、氧化应激、离子通道等途径产生影响[1],贯穿于所有类型AF的各个阶段,从而减轻/逆转心房重构,其本质就是AF