教室内环境噪声主观评价

随着高校生态校园建设的发展,教学区环境噪声的质量逐渐引起各高校的广泛关注。以山东省青岛市某高校为例,根据声源分布特征选取具有代表性的教学区。通过对教学区的实地噪声监测和对学生上课期间噪声舒适度的问卷调查,运用模糊数学的方法处理调查对象对环境噪声的主观反应信息,计算得出教学区上课期间的舒适度阈值。并依据噪声源分布特征和舒适度阈值,提出改善教学区环境噪声的措施。     

对高校校园声环境舒适性评价的研究

由于目前高校普遍缺乏系统的校园环境管理体系,因而无法对校园的声环境质量进行有效管理。根据高校校园的声环境特点,把高校工作日教学区和生活区分为四段和两段。通过对某大学声环境质量的现状监测并结合在校师生主观感受问卷调查结果,运用矩阵综合评价方法对校园声环境质量进行综合评价,并提出了使用校园声舒适指数对高校校园声环境舒适度进行表征,该评价结果与师生主观感受相符。该项研究可以为校方的声环境管理提供基础数据和科学依据。     

大型呼叫中心的声舒适度影响因素及其声压级阈值研究

为改善大型呼叫中心声舒适度,通过大量的问卷调查和统计回归分析,找出室内声音的主要来源,发现声舒适度评价与员工性别无关,但受工作时段的影响较大。通过对调查数据的进一步分类统计,发现其声舒适度与噪声评分、工作影响和健康影响等存在强相关性。结合现场声学测量,归纳出主观噪声评分与室内声压级之间的相关性,提出了大型呼叫工作人员可接受的合理声压级阈值,对改善大型呼叫中心的声舒适度提出建议。     

站前广场声环境调查与评价——以太原站和太原南站站前广场为例

以太原站和太原南站站前广场为例，采用客观测量和主观问卷相结合的方式，对站前广场的声环境进行调查研究。调查结果表明，两个站前广场声环境质量基本达标，但有部分区域噪声值超标。得益于整体规划合理并设有绿化带等原因，太原南站站前广场声环境满意度较高。社会生活噪声是站前广场的主要声源，其中以广播宣传声为主；铁路列车声是站前广场特有的声源。基于语义差别法和因子分析法对站前广场声环境的研究分析表明，站前广场声环境的舒适度和趣味性一般，声源强度和丰富度较高。最后针对站前广场目前存在的声环境问题提出改善建议，旨在提高声环境质量并为此类空间声景营造提供参考依据。     

车内压力波动对旅客舒适度影响的研究

为研究车内压力波动对人耳舒适度的影响关系,从车内压力波动引起旅客不舒适感的影响机理出发,建立人耳气压传递数学模型,以车内压力波典型信号作为输入,人耳鼓膜位移为输出,对传递函数模型进行仿真,采用线性回归的方法分析仿真数据,建立气压变化量、气压变化率与人耳鼓膜位移的关系。在对国内有关技术标准研究的基础上,建立人耳气压舒适度的评价关系式,并利用高速列车的实测车内压力波数据计算人耳气压舒适度,计算结果符合国内外气压舒适度相关标准,对人耳气压舒适度评价关系式进行了验证。     

建筑暖通设计及系统优化措施研究

该文针对现阶段建筑暖通设计存在的问题,为进一步提高暖通系统效率并降低能耗,引入舒适度指标并采用皮尔逊指数法进行衡量,在满足人体舒适度需求的前提下,优化建筑暖通系统设计,以达到节约能耗、提高舒适度的目的。研究结论如下：1）在建筑暖通设计中引入舒适度指标,并采用皮尔逊指数法进行衡量,通过计算可知,当TSV值在-1～1,人体感受到的舒适度最佳。2）建立相关模型并进行计算,根据计算结果可知,该模型能够在满足人体舒适度要求的前提下优化暖通系统设计,达到精确控制室内温、湿度并降低系统能耗的目的。     

基于随机步行荷载和烦恼率的楼板振动舒适度评价方法研究

为了克服CCIP-016和SCI P354两个楼板振动舒适度设计指南的动载因子保证率不同而导致的结构反应计算结果不同,提出了基于随机步行荷载和烦恼率的楼板振动舒适度评价方法。考虑步行荷载各参数的随机性,生成随机步行荷载时程,经过大量时程分析得到结构最大均方根加速度反应的累积概率分布,然后结合现行舒适度标准,计算烦恼率期望值,进行舒适度评价。对实际结构的计算结果表明,采用CCIP-016或SCI P354计算得到的最大均方根加速度发生的概率很小,作为结构人致振动反应的代表值进行舒适度评价是不合适的。该方法是基于概率的方法,不用考虑动载因子的保证率,比现行方法采用单一的结构反应值进行舒适度评价更有说服力。     

有限声束在固体板表面的声反射

采用将有限声束分解为一系列平面波的方法，对有限声束在液体－固体板－液体结构中的声反射问题进行了分析和计算。当有限声束以平面波反射系数相位为１８０°时的入射角入射时，在固体板表面反射的声束沿板表面存在显著的移动和展宽现象。本文的有关结果，对进一步研究有限声束在板状结构表面的声反射具有积极意义。     

某体育馆楼板振动舒适度研究

针对某大学体育馆楼板振动舒适度问题,建立楼板计算模型,计算楼板在不同边界等条件下的自振频率。现场实测楼板自振频率和最不利情况时楼板振动加速度值。楼板自振频率的计算值和四边固定且无活荷载时的实测吻合较好,表明数值计算模型是合理的。基于实测加速度值,利用国际标准ISO 2631-1997对楼板振动舒适度进行评价,评价结果表明楼板满足舒适度要求。所采用的基于国际标准的评价方法可供国内其他工程结构楼板舒适度的评价提供参考。     

基于模糊评判的居室环境舒适度监测系统的设计

随着生活水平的提高,人们对居室环境的要求也越来越高.本文对建筑物相关舒适度传感器及测控系统的现状进行了分析,根据影响环境舒适度的三大参量的测量和控制,采用多传感器融合技术,通过模糊评价体系评价计算舒适度指标,并给出了舒适度测控系统的方案.     

基于心理声学响度分析的高速列车车内噪声评价

测试不同运行速度下高速列车车厢内部噪声,并进行噪声的频谱分析。根据噪声强度主观感觉的心理声学理论,分析使用A计权和响度来评价车内噪声环境的不同,指出响度能更准确地评价车内噪声。并在此基础上提出车内降噪的频率范围。     

Information theoretic criterion-based spectrum sensing for cognitive radio

Energy detection is a promising candidate for spectrum sensing of cognitive radio systems due to its merits of simplicity and easy implementation. However, energy detection needs to subjectively pre-configure a threshold and requires the knowledge of noise power. Furthermore, energy detection is vulnerable to noise uncertainty, which inevitably occurs in practical implementations. To solve the above problems, two spectrum sensing methods requiring no knowledge of noise power and no subjective threshold settings are proposed based on the information theoretic criterion. Additionally, the most important advantage of these methods is that their performance is totally unaffected by noise uncertainty. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the benefits of these methods.     

Listening to patients and responding with care: a model for teaching communication skills

BACKGROUND: Listening to patients and responding with care requires answering two simple but not so obvious questions: Does the clinician know how to listen? and Does the clinician know how to show patients that he or she cares? The initial task for the clinican is to learn to use listening skills to identify the way in which a patient is most comfortable interacting. Once this is accomplished, the clinician uses this information to move closer to where the pateint is comfortable communicating. MODEL FRAMEWORK: The framework for this model is the continuum of two intersecting axes. The horizontal axis poles are inquisitive and assertive. The vertical axis poles are objective and subjective. People who are most comfortable communicating in an inquisitive way and tend to be objective are called investigators. Those who are most comfortable communicating in an inquisitive way but are subjective in nature are called unifiers. People who are most comfortable communicating in an assertive way and favor subjectivity are called energizers. Those who are most comfortable communicating in an assertive way and tend to be objective are called enterprisers. PUTTING THE MODEL TO WORK: The progression of the typical medical interview, which involves gathering information, making decisions, addressing patient concerns, and discussing long-term outcomes requires the clinician to communicate in all four communication modes. Learning to identify how he or she is most comfortable communicating may help the clinician make a smooth transition from one mode to another.     

一种基于视觉模型的边缘检测阈值选择策略

按照仿生学原理,通过分析人眼的阈值亮度比曲线和weber比曲线,将图像根据背景亮度 划分为低暗区、中间区和高亮区,分别采用不同的公式计算边缘阈值。仿真表明,该方法能够根据边缘所处背景亮度自适应地选择阈值,从而检测出与人的主观视觉更为一致的图像边缘。     

小波域降噪方法及其在历史音频保护中的应用

提出基于小波包变换的自适应多阈值音频降噪法,从小波包最佳分解树的各个终端结点选择不同的最佳阈值。而最佳阈值的选取是基于贝叶斯理论,并且采用折中阈值函数。实验和应用表明,相比小波包全局阈值降噪算法,此种降噪方法能使降噪后的音频保留尽可能多的原始音乐信号,较好地适合听众的听觉效应,满足历史音频资料数字化保存的需要。     

生态型住宅小区的噪声控制对策

生态型住宅小区的试点建设在于引导创建健康、舒适的居住环境，实现社会、经济、环境效益的统一，其噪声控制问题是重要内容之一。文章从标准要求着手，通过分析小区内外噪声源，提出了控制对策建议，可供环境评价、建筑设计和竣工验收参考。     

Simulation of flow and thermal comfort zones in a Thai state school

Most classrooms of Thai state primary schools are designed to use cross-flow natural ventilation as a passive cooling system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of geometry and orientation of school buildings to indoor airflow distribution and thermal comfort in typical state school classrooms. Computational fluid dynamics commercial software was used as a tool in this simulation. Local meteorological conditions and measured data at a real building were employed as the boundary conditions. The airflow simulation for building domains was performed with reference to the prevailing wind. Wind speeds and directions close to openings were averaged and used to represent the inlet boundary conditions of the classroom domains. Manikins and desks were included in the classroom domains. The simulation was carried out, focusing on a comfortable indoor thermal environment for the occupants. Simulated results revealed that an orientation of a school building normal to wind direction might not always be necessary to obtain a thermally comfortable environment in a classroom. Main inlet flow from openings was not found to affect the students directly. However, a comfortable feeling was possible within the occupied zone in winter when ambient temperature was low. Operative temperatures were also within 90% acceptability limits, according to the adaptive comfort standard.     

生态型校园的噪声污染防治对策探讨

提高声环境质量是营造生态型校园的一项重要内容,通过对校园区域噪声污染现状监测及分析,找出影响校园区域的主要噪声源,提出相应的污染防治对策,为创建健康、安静、舒适的生态型校园提供依据.