含钛可焊接海洋结构用钢

1　前言本文研究了弥散于钢中细小的钛—氧化物颗粒对热影响区 ( HAZ)韧性的改善作用。在 HAZ内 ,奥氏体到铁素体的转变过程中 ,针状铁素体(晶内铁素体片 ,IFP)以 Ti-氧化物颗粒为核径向长大而且粗大的奥氏体晶粒得到有效细化。钛一氧钢中没有明显的局部脆化区 ,因为 Ti-氧化物颗粒即使在温度超过 1 40 0℃区域化学成分也能保持稳定。因此在整个热影响区包括在熔合线附近其组织也能得到细化。认为 IFP的形成能够阻止对韧性有害的晶界形核铁素体板条 ( FSP)的生长 ,结果得到较细小的晶粒尺寸。通过增加 Ti-氧化物颗粒的数量即增加 IF…     

X80管线钢和管线钢管的组织细化

为满足X80管线钢和管线钢管的高强韧性要求,采取的组织细化的方法包括:反复再结晶细化奥氏体晶粒;结合Nb微合金化技术的未再结晶区控制轧制;添加Mo推迟高温相变,采用加速冷却,获得针状铁素体组织;利用TiN等第二相粒子阻止奥氏体晶粒长大;控制钢中夹杂物的组成、尺寸和分布,诱导晶内针状铁素体形核,得到细小的HAZ组织.     

轧后冷却工艺对V-N-Cr微合金化Q550E高强钢组织性能的影响

对低碳V-N-Cr微合金化钢进行了控轧控冷实验,终冷后采用了随炉冷、保温毡缓冷、空冷3种冷却制度,并对3种不同冷却制度钢板进行了显微组织、综合力学性能和断口形貌的分析。研究表明,空冷钢板显微组织为细小多边形铁素体及针状铁素体复相组织,铁素体晶粒尺寸5～8μm,针状铁素体由交织的板条组成,宽度1～3μm。在随炉冷及保温毡缓冷时,由于冷却速率缓慢,多边形铁素体及针状铁素体发生了回火,并析出细小弥散的碳化物。3种冷却条件下,屈服强度均≥585 MPa,抗拉强度≥694 MPa,延伸率≥27%,而且1/2试样-60℃冲击功≥36 J,综合力学性能优于Q550F级国标要求。细晶强化、析出强化、组织强化为本钢种的主要强化方式,冲击断口均由韧窝组成,呈现韧性断裂模式,控轧控冷引起的晶粒细化及针状铁素体的形成有效阻碍解理裂纹的扩展,从而增强低温韧性。     

奥氏体化温度对Ti–Zr处理钢中针状铁素体转变的影响

Ti、Zr的复合氧化物可以有效诱导针状铁素体形核,从而细化晶粒。为了研究Ti–Zr处理钢中针状铁素体转变机理,使用25 kg真空感应炉中熔炼试验所需钢种,向低合金钢中添加了质量分数为0.038%钛和0.008%锆。利用高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察了奥氏体化温度对针状铁素体转变行为的变化,使用扫描电镜观察了Ti–Zr处理钢种的夹杂物成分和针状铁素体在夹杂物表面形核,使用光学显微镜观察不同奥氏体化温度下的微观组织变化差异。结果表明,随着奥氏体化温度从1250 ℃增加至1400 ℃,奥氏体晶粒尺寸从125.6 μm 增加至279.8 μm,针状铁素体开始转变温度和侧板条铁素体开始转变温度先增加,在1350 ℃条件下达到最大值,后又降低,针状铁素体的体积分数由39.6%增加至83.6%;Ti–Zr处理钢中核心为Zr–Ti–O,外部为Al–Ti–Zr–O的氧化物为核心表面析出MnS的复合氧化物主要集中在1.5～3 μm,可以有效促进针状铁素体形核,贫Mn区和夹杂物与铁素体之间的良好晶格关系为该型夹杂物能够促进针状铁素体形核机理。奥氏体晶粒尺寸的增加导致多边形铁素形核位点的减少和针状铁素体的形核空间的增加,钛锆复合处理形成大量的有效诱发针状铁素体形核的夹杂物,这共同导致了针状铁素体体积分数增加。      

硼钛微合金化对埋弧焊熔敷金属韧性的影响

本文研究了微量硼、钛对埋弧焊熔敷金属组织和韧性的影响,并对硼、钛作用的机理进行了分析。结果表明:通过还原焊剂中的B_2O_3和TiO_2向熔敷金属中过渡0.0060～0.010％硼和0.030～0.035％钛,可以获得均匀、细小的针状铁素体组织,从而改善低温韧性。TiO是诱发针状铁素体形核的有效形核剂。硼的分布和状态分析表明,一定数量的固溶硼存在于奥氏体晶界附近,可以减小晶界先共析铁素体的宽度,并细化晶界铁素体晶粒。     

低成本高焊接性能船板钢EH36的开发

工业化试制了3种厚度规格(20,26和36mm)的新型低成本高焊接性能船板钢EH36。试制钢板的显微组织由多边形铁素体和针状铁素体构成,其力学性能满足EH36级别船板要求并具有优异的低温韧性。采用焊接热模拟评价了钢板的焊接性能,当热输入由30kJ/cm升高至160kJ/cm时,粗晶区原奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,其组织也逐渐由粒状贝氏体向晶界铁素体+晶内针状铁素体+晶内多边形铁素体转变,维氏硬度逐渐下降,低温韧性优异。得益于TiN粒子对奥氏体晶粒长大的抑制作用,微量B元素对先共析铁素体转变的抑制作用以及BN粒子对晶内铁素体形核的促进作用,焊接粗晶区获得了有利于韧性的细化组织,保证了粗晶区具有优异的低温韧性。双丝埋弧焊试验也验证了钢板具有优异的焊接性能。     

V-N-Cr微合金化Q550E高强钢组织性能控制研究

对低碳V-N-Cr微合金化钢进行了控轧控冷实验,终冷后采用了随炉冷、保温毡缓冷、空冷三种冷却制度,9mm厚钢板获得了细小多边形铁素体及针状铁素体复相组织,铁素体晶粒尺寸5～8μm,针状铁素体由交织的板条组成,宽度1～3μm,在随炉冷及保温毡缓冷时,由于冷却速率缓慢,多边形铁素体及针状铁素体发生了回火,并析出细小弥散的碳化物。三种冷却条件下,屈服强度均≥585MPa,抗拉强度≥694MPa,延伸率≥27%,而且1/2试样-60℃冲击功≥36J,综合力学性能优于Q550F级国标要求。细晶强化、析出强化、组织强化为主要强化方式,冲击断口均由韧窝组成,呈现韧性断裂模式,控轧控冷引起的晶粒细化及针状铁素体的形成有效阻碍解理裂纹的扩展,从而增强低温韧性。本次实验室组织性能研究工作为V-N-Cr微合金化钢的工业化试制提供工艺参考。     

原位观察TiN粒子对低合金高强度钢模拟焊接热影响区粗晶区晶粒细化作用

采用高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察和电子背散射衍射技术研究TiN粒子在低合金高强度钢模拟大线能量焊接热循环过程中晶粒细化效果.研究发现合理的Ti和N含量能形成大量细小弥散分布的纳米级TiN粒子,在焊接热循环过程中有效钉扎热影响区粗晶区奥氏体晶界,抑制晶粒粗化.同时,TiN附着在Al₂O₃表面析出,在冷却过程中有效促进针状铁素体形核,得到有效晶粒尺寸非常细小的由少量针状铁素体和大量贝氏体构成的复合组织.      

显微组织对X80管线钢力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜研究了20 mm厚度X80管线钢显微组织类型对强韧性的影响。结果表明:显微组织为针状铁素体和少量的粒状贝氏体时,钢的屈服强度达到512MPa;针状铁素体的晶粒细化、粒状贝氏体和板条贝氏体可以使X80管线钢具有更高的屈服强度,达到600MPa。细小而均匀的粒状贝氏体可以获得良好的冲击韧性。掺杂在一起的细小的针状铁素体、准多边形铁素体、粒状贝氏体促使裂纹扩展路径曲折,改善冲击韧性。     

冷却工艺对新型高速列车焊接构架用钢组织演变的影响

针对高速列车焊接构架用钢的性能要求,设计了一种低成本的Mn-Cu微合金低碳钢,并对该实验钢的连续冷却转变规律以及冷却工艺对组织演变的影响进行了研究.结果表明,实验钢在较宽的冷速范围(1～30℃/s)内均可以获得先共析铁素体和中温相变组织.冷却速度和卷取温度对最终组织形态和细化有着重要影响,轧制结束后立即加速冷却至500～600℃,再缓冷,可以获得以细小准多边形铁素体、针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体为主的混合组织.经实验室控轧控冷验证了具有该组织形态的12 mm中厚钢板屈服强度可达540 MPa,同时拥有良好的塑性和低温韧性.     

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusion Formation in TiKilled Steels and Microstructural Evolution in Welding Induced CoarseGrained Heat Affected Zone

 Effects of Mg on the chemical component and size distribution of Ti bearing inclusions favored grain refinement of the welding induced coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ), with enhanced impact toughness in Ti killed steels, which were examined based on experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations. The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the inclusions gradually varied from the Ti O+Ti Mg O compound oxide to the Ti Mg O+MgO compound oxide and the single phase MgO, as the Mg content increased from 0002 3% to 0006%. A trace addition of Mg (approximately 0002%) led to the refinement of Ti bearing inclusions by creating the Ti Mg O compound oxide and provided favorable size distribution of the inclusions for acicular ferrite transformation with a high nucleation rate in the CGHAZ, and a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite was obtained in the CGHAZ with enhanced impact toughness. Otherwise, a high content of Mg (approximately 0006%) produced a single phase MgO, which was impotent to nucleate an acicular ferrite, and a microstructure comprised of a ferrite side plate and a grain boundary ferrite developed in the CGHAZ. The experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.     

Analysis Microstructure of Weld Metal for HQ130+QJ63 High Strength Steel

Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ ,ｔｈｅｄｅｍａｎｄｏｆｈｉｇｈｅｒｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｑｕａｌｉｔｙｉｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｓｔｅｅｌ.Ｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｔｏｕｇｈｎｅｓｓｏｆｗｅｌｄｍｅｔａｌｓａｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆｏｒｕｓｅｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｆｏｒｌｏｗａｌｌｏｙｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｓｔｅｅｌｗｈｏｓｅｔｅｎｓｉｌｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈσｂ ≥ 10 0 0ＭＰａ ,ａｎｄ…     

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusion Formation in Ti-Killed Steels and Microstructurai Evolution in Welding Induced Coarse-Grained Heat Affected Zone

Effects of Mg on the chemical component and size distribution of Ti-bearing inclusions favored grain refinement of the welding induced coarse-grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ),with enhanced impact toughness in Ti-killed steels,which were examined based on experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations.The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the inclusions gradually varied from the Ti-O+Ti-Mg-O compound oxide to the Ti-Mg-O+ MgO compound oxide and the single-phase MgO,as the Mg content increased from 0.002 3% to 0.006%.A trace addition of Mg (approximately 0.002 %) led to the refinement of Ti-bearing inclusions by creating the Ti-Mg-O compound oxide and provided favorable size distribution of the inclusions for acicular ferrite transformation with a high nucleation rate in the CGHAZ,and a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite was obtained in the CGHAZ with enhanced impact toughness.Otherwise,a high content of Mg (approximately 0.006%) produced a single-phase MgO,which was impotent to nucleate an acicular ferrite,and a microstructure comprised of a ferrite side plate and a grain boundary ferrite developed in the CGHAZ.The experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.     

Effect of sulfur content on the microstructure and toughness of simulated Heat-Affected zone in Ti-Killed steels

Four Ti-killed steels were made to study the specific influence of sulfur on the inclusion, microstructure, and toughness of a simulated heat-affected zone (HAZ). The HAZ toughness was mainly determined by the volume fraction of intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF) which was closely related to the supercooling required to initiate austenite to ferrite transformation. The extent of supercooling was strongly influenced by the composition of grain boundary and inclusions. Sulfur addition up to 102 ppm caused a segregation of sulfur to the grain boundaries and a change of inclusion phase from predominantly Ti-oxides to Ti-oxysulphides and MnS. This behavior, in turn, suppressed the formation of polygonal ferrite and promoted the formation of IAF. Further addition of sulfur elevated transformation temperature and promoted the formation of polygonal ferrite due to the refinement of grain size and the increase of grain boundary associated inclusions. A methodology was proposed to evaluate the intragranular nucleation potential of inclusions, and the results showed that Ti-oxysulphides possessed better nucleation potential for IAF than Ti-oxides and MnS. With the lowest transformation temperature and most effective nuclei, the best HAZ toughness can be obtained at sulfur content of 102 ppm due to the achievement of the maximum volume fraction of IAF.     

Effects of Zr on acicular ferrite formation in HAZ of Ti-bearing low carbon steels with high heat input of weld thermal simulations

To research the effect of Zr addition on inhibiting austenite grain growth of Ti-bearing low carbon steels,two steels with different Zr contents were prepared using a laboratory vacuum induction furnace. The performance of HAZ under weld thermal simulations was investigated. The impact toughness,microstructure and the second-phase particle performance of HAZ under weld thermal simulations were investigated. The HAZ toughness was improved from 13 J to 87 J by addition of 0. 010 % Zr into the steel,with the fracture mechanism changing from cleavage fracture to toughness fracture,which was mainly attributed to the second-phase particles that were potent to nucleate acicular ferrite in HAZ during welding. It was concluded that the second-phase particles TiO x + MnS,ZrO 2 + MnS or TiO x + ZrO 2 + MnS were nucleated on ZrO 2 or TiO x ( x =1. 5,2) . This method can be applied to grain refinement by promoting the acicular ferrite formation and growth during large-scale welding,as in the cases of thick steel plates requiring higher heat inputs during welding.     

Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Nb-Ti Microalloyed Pipeline Steel

 The correlation between microstructures and mechanical properties of a Nb-Ti microalloyed pipeline steel was investigated. The results revealed that with decreasing the finish rolling temperature and the cooling stop temperature, the matrix microstructure was changed from quasi-polygonal ferrite to acicular ferrite, as a result of improvement of both strength and low temperature toughness. By means of electron backscattered diffraction observation, an effective acicular ferrite packet contained several low angle boundaries or subboundaries plates which made important contributions to improvement of strength. It was found that many fine quasi-polygonal ferrite grains with high angle boundaries as the toughening structure were introduced into the acicular ferrite matrix to refine effective grain size and improve the toughness.     

高强度船板钢中针状铁素体的原位观察

采用高温共聚焦显微镜对高强度船板钢中针状铁素体进行原位观察,并利用金相显微镜分析原位观察后其组织形态。结果表明,随着保温时间的增加,平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大。保温时间为900 s时获得的奥氏体尺寸更有利于针状铁素体的形核。随着保温时间的延长,铁素体开始相变的温度先减小后增加,而铁素体的相变结束温度逐渐减小。     

大线能量焊接高强船板钢氧化物冶金技术的新进展

分析了中国船舶工业的现状、成就、挑战及发展趋势.为了提高船舶制造效率,采取了增加焊接线能量的措施.大线能量焊接时,由于高温停留时间长,相变冷却速度慢,焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒急剧长大,得到侧板条铁素体为主的凝固组织,韧性恶化.氧化物冶金技术利用钢中的细小氧化物,通过促进晶内铁素体形核可明显改善焊接热影响区的组织.叙述了氧化物冶金的主要内容和该技术对船板钢的组织和性能的影响.介绍了日本一些钢铁公司开发的大线能量焊接高强船板钢氧化物冶金新技术.