240kt／a磷铵装置进口设备和备件国产化

南化（集团）公司２４０ｋｔ／ａ磷铵装置自１９８８年建成、运行至今，有的进口设备损坏严重，已无法继续使用；有的进口设备备件已用完，急需补充备件。随着我国设备制造能力的提高和新型材料的出现，该厂立足用国产设备和备件代替进口设备和备件，取得了显著的经济效益...     

顺丁橡胶装置挤压脱水机、膨胀干燥机配件国产化探析

顺丁橡胶装置的进口设备国产化改造的全面推进,使装置摆脱了进口设备维保只能依赖国外厂商的束缚,不仅大大降低了成本,而且为今后装置的平稳运行打下了坚实的基础。     

乙烯装置大型板翅式换热器国产化应用

板翅式换热器作为乙烯装置深冷分离工艺流程中的核心设备,可实现多股物料之间的热量交换,因此体积大,结构复杂,采购周期长,主要为国外进口设备。一旦该设备出现泄漏,厂家短期内无法及时供货,生产装置将面临长期停工。大型板翅式换热器国产化在乙烯装置深冷部分的应用,具有与进口设备相当的使用性能,采购周期短,售后服务迅速,节约资金等优势,使用效果理想。     

带切断阀的椭圆齿轮流量计电源板的改造

通过对年产18万t PET装置上使用的带切断阀的椭圆齿轮流量计的原理分析,提出并解决了由于供电模块故障导致流量计不能使用的问题。所设计的新供电方案避免了采购原装备件周期长、费用高,影响生产的问题,为进口设备备件国产化做了有益的尝试。     

甲醇制烯烃装置废碱液萃取除油研究

甲醇制烯烃装置在脱除产品气中二氧化碳杂质时使用了碱洗工艺,生的废碱液COD浓度高达20000～60000 mg/L,并且废碱中含有大量黄油,容易堵塞废碱处理装置,因此必须提前脱除。本文通过实验通过实验,考察了萃取剂和温度对溶解黄油的影响,同时还考察了p H值、萃取剂种类、萃取剂添加比例、温度、萃取级数等对萃取效果的影响。     

环己醇萃取精馏系统余热回用技术改造

针对环己醇生产萃取精馏系统蒸汽消耗大和余热浪费现象严重等问题,采用热能计算方程,结合生产装置的实际热能使用现状,将环己烯和苯萃取精馏塔中萃取剂二甲基乙酰胺的余热进行回收,用作环己醇生产工艺中的分离塔、水合反应进料预热器、脱水塔等工序的热源,大大降低环己醇生产装置的蒸汽消耗,取得了显著的经济效益。     

中空纤维微萃取在环境分析中的应用

中空纤维微萃取技术在痕量检测中具有高效、准确、易操作的特点,非常适宜在环境分析中使用。介绍了中空纤维微萃取原理、模式和装置,综述了近年来该技术在重金属、农药残留、抗生素、高分子污染物等检测中使用的试剂、工艺和评价指标。用于环境分析中的中空纤维微萃取技术也可借鉴用于药品和食品分析,采用大数据分析技术处理实验数据可以高效获得萃取优化条件。     

关于超临界萃取过程中使用夹带剂的研究

建立了一套研究夹带剂的超临界萃取装置。在胡罗卜素及罗汉果糠甙的萃取中,分别使用丙酮和乙醇做夹带剂,研究它们对溶解度、收率及选择性的影响。     

南化24万吨/年磷铵装置进口设备和备件国产化

以实例介绍了立足国内、立足自身,实施进口设备和备件国产化的四种做法:以国产设备代替;以国产备件代替;改造原有进口设备;改变原有工艺以使用国产设备。据此实施进口设备及其备件国产化后,年消耗备件费可节约400万元左右。     

酚氨回收装置影响萃取的因素分析及改进措施

针对碎煤加压气化产生的含酚废水在萃取脱酚过程中萃取效率不高的问题,探讨了酚氨回收装置影响萃取脱酚因素及控制要点,提出了酚氨回收装置萃取流程改进及提高萃取效率的措施。结果发现,在萃取pH较低、萃取相比较大的情况下有利于萃取,适当降低萃取塔负荷和原料水油含量,改造萃取塔填料,可有效提高装置的处理能力和萃取塔萃取效率,并降低溶剂消耗及运行成本。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取器萃取分离香茅油

本文介绍了利用现有１５０Ｌ高压釜（压力２０ＭＰａ）改造的超临界二氧化碳萃取器萃取分离香茅油,探讨了压力、温度、时间对萃取分离效果的影响。结果表明,采用超临界二氧化碳萃取器萃取分离香茅油时应选择一个适宜的压力、温度和萃取时间,产品的色、香味、纯度均优于常规的减压蒸馏法。     

Extraction with supercritical fluids: A progress report from Germany

This review of research in Germany on the use of supercritical fluids for extraction and fractionation covers work on vegetable fats and oils butter fat, and other Lipids. The future comnercialization may depend on the cost of alternative procedures and the cost of equipment for lorge-seale processes involving supercritical fluids.     

加压或超临界溶剂对乙醇发酵和在线萃取分离的影响

压缩或超临界流体作为良好的萃取溶剂,在食品加工与保藏、制药和生物材料加工等领域有广阔的应用前景。在简要论述了压缩或超临界流体对微生物存活与催化活性影响的基础上,详细综述了近年来采用超临界溶剂进行乙醇发酵与在线萃取分离过程取得的新进展,特别是装置结构设计和过程优化方面的新成果。最后探讨了实现过程规模化需要深入开展的关键性问题。     

Supercritical Fluids; Opportunities in Heterogeneous Catalysis

The use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) in technology and research has been triggered by several unique features of these media. SCFs allow improvement of technical processes such as extraction, separation, particle formation and chemical reactions. However, it has been just in the last decades that SCFs have gained their importance in science and industrial applications, due to the relatively high pressures usually required when working with these media and the rigorous demands on the equipment used. Opportunities provided by the use of supercritical media in chemical reaction design have been the focus of several reviews(1-17). Here, we concentrate on a discussion of opportunities that SCFs provide in heterogeneous catalysis. First, we will consider the intrinsic properties of SCFs, then discuss the effect of these properties on chemical reactions, especially focusing on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. Finally, we illustrate some of the opportunities of SCF applications in heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, using pertinent case studies.     

乏燃料后处理技术研究现状

主要针对水法、干法和超临界流体萃取等三种乏燃料后处理技术的特点、国内外研究现状进行了综述,并指出从长远来看,先进反应堆乏燃料处理倾向于利用干法后处理技术,在乏燃料后处理/分离一体化水法后处理流程中倾向于采用超临界流体萃取后处理技术。     

Supercritical fluid extraction of α- and β-acids from hops compared to cyclically pressurized solid–liquid extraction

In this paper, two solid–liquid extraction techniques, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with and without modifiers and cyclically pressurized solid–liquid extraction with a Naviglio Extractor, were compared on the basis of extraction of acidic compounds contained in hops flowers. The hops extracts were analyzed by electro-kinetic capillary chromatography (MECK). The results showed that the technique using supercritical carbon dioxide was more effective for the isolation of β acids; the use of ethanol as a co-solvent, as reported in the literature, produced a heterogeneous extract, while cyclically pressurized solid–liquid extraction showed a greater extraction capacity for α acids. Consequently, both techniques are valid for the extraction of α and β acids from hops. By suitably varying the parameters of the two extractive procedures, it will be possible to obtain extracts for use in the production of beer and dietary supplements and drugs. Furthermore, based on the SFE CO₂ extraction process, a mathematical model was applied to the examined process, and a numerical simulation was performed, leading to a model that provides direction for the optimization of further experiments.     

Application of Ultrasound‐Assisted Supercritical Extraction to Soil Remediation

The coupling of ultrasound to supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide has been evaluated as a green remediation technique for soils contaminated with pesticides. The study used samples of soil spiked with atrazine, an organophosphate and contaminant of widespread use. The influence of the operating temperature and pressure on the extraction of atrazine was studied. The extraction of atrazine was enhanced with the use of ultrasound relative to the results obtained from conventional supercritical extraction. This study, operated in semi‐continuous mode, demonstrates the possibility of increasing the yield of supercritical extraction by coupling with ultrasound instead of adding co‐solvents, which is a greener alternative for removing contaminants such as pesticides from soil matrices.     

Supercritical Fluids; Opportunities in Heterogeneous Catalysis

The use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) in technology and research has been triggered by several unique features of these media. SCFs allow improvement of technical processes such as extraction, separation, particle formation and chemical reactions. However, it has been just in the last decades that SCFs have gained their importance in science and industrial applications, due to the relatively high pressures usually required when working with these media and the rigorous demands on the equipment used. Opportunities provided by the use of supercritical media in chemical reaction design have been the focus of several reviews(1-17). Here, we concentrate on a discussion of opportunities that SCFs provide in heterogeneous catalysis. First, we will consider the intrinsic properties of SCFs, then discuss the effect of these properties on chemical reactions, especially focusing on heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. Finally, we illustrate some of the opportunities of SCF applications in heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, using pertinent case studies.     

应用超临界技术进行废水处理

超临界技术是一种新兴的废水处理技术，它主要包括超临界流体萃取和超临界水氧化两种，本文论述了这两种技术的应用研究，应用前景，存在的问题和研究方向。     

超临界流体技术在环境科学中的应用进展

综述了超临界水氧化 (SCWO)技术处理废水废液及固体废弃物、超临界萃取燃煤脱硫、超临界水煤脱硫以及超临界萃取测试大气和土壤中污染物等的应用进展 ,评述了超临界流体技术的优越性和存在的问题。指出今后要进一步加强对超临界设备腐蚀、设备连续运行及热能利用等方面的基础理论研究 ,加快产业化设备的开发。