功能低聚糖对植物乳杆菌ZDY2013发酵乳发酵特性及冷藏效果的影响

为探究功能低聚糖对植物乳杆菌ZDY2013发酵乳的发酵特点和冷藏期功能的影响,选取具有益生元特性的低聚木糖、低聚异麦芽糖及其组合物为发酵乳中碳水化合物,评价发酵乳中植物乳杆菌发酵特性和pH值变化,同时对发酵乳的持水性及冷藏期抗氧化活性进行解析。结果表明：植物乳杆菌能利用不同浓度功能低聚糖进行代谢;相比葡萄糖,发酵乳中添加低聚糖更有利于植物乳杆菌的生长,尤其是其组合物浓度为3.0%时,能显著提高发酵乳中活菌数及降低发酵乳pH值;冷藏期（21 d）内,各组发酵乳活菌数呈下降趋势,但均高于108 cfu/g,pH值在7 d后比较稳定,而持水性不断增强;发酵乳DPPH自由基清除能力在第7 d最强,而ABTS+和羟自由基的清除能力呈下降趋势,且添加同浓度的组合物优于葡萄糖。该研究结果将为功能低聚糖及植物乳杆菌ZDY2013在乳品开发中的应用提供理论依据。     

发酵酸菜来源乳酸菌的益生特性及其在发酵乳中的应用

通过pH值、胆盐耐受性实验从发酵酸菜中筛选性能优良的益生乳酸菌株,经16S rRNA序列分析鉴定得4 株植物乳杆菌A44、B51、B54、C53和2 株戊糖乳杆菌A16、B72。经疏水、黏附、自凝聚和溶血能力实验评价6 株乳酸菌的益生特性,其中植物乳杆菌A44对氯仿和二甲苯的疏水性均大于80%,对Caco-2细胞的黏附率为13.57%,放置5 h的自凝聚率超过60%,与其他菌株相比具有更好的益生特性且无溶血活性。因此选用植物乳杆菌A44进一步研究其在发酵乳中的功能特性,结果表明：植物乳杆菌A44作为辅助发酵剂添加后对4 ℃贮藏7 d期间发酵乳pH值、滴定酸度和持水性均无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但是可以显著提高发酵乳的活菌数和黏度（P＜0.05）,活菌数达到8.45（lg（CFU/mL））。本研究筛选得到的植物乳杆菌A44是一株性能优良的益生乳酸菌,具有作为发酵乳益生菌辅助发酵剂的潜在应用前景。     

发酵花生酸奶益生乳杆菌菌株筛选及其蛋白酶活性

以从天然发酵食品及保健品中自行分离选育的14株益生乳杆菌为试验菌株,对花生乳发酵。对发酵前、后的pH值、活菌数、感官特性和蛋白酶活进行分析,经层层筛选,得到繁殖能力强,发酵活力好的2株益生乳酸菌。干酪乳杆菌05-20和植物乳杆菌fs-4发酵后活菌数在8.29 lg(CFU/m L)以上,pH值在4.5以下,蛋白酶活分别为4.417 U/m L和15.638 U/m L。通过SDS-PAGE电泳得出菌株具有蛋白酶活且能将大分子花生蛋白分解为小分子蛋白和花生肽。试验结果表明这两株益生乳杆菌具有发酵花生酸乳的潜力,为进一步开发花生酸奶产品和研究花生酸乳功能性质提供理论和实践依据。     

具有益生特性植物乳杆菌的筛选及其发酵特性的研究

通过体外益生特性和安全性评价试验,从4株植物乳杆菌中筛选出益生特性较好的益生菌菌株B14,并对B14的发酵特性进行研究。结果表明,植物乳杆菌B14与其它菌株相比,其对二甲苯和十六烷的疏水率达到80%以上,自聚集能力超过85%,共聚集能力超过75%,表现出更好的益生特性,同时,B14对Caco-2细胞的黏附能力达到30.756%,且初步判定为安全菌株。将植物乳杆菌B14作为辅助发酵剂添加在发酵乳中,24 h内发酵乳的黏度、滴定酸均得到了一定的提高。表明植物乳杆菌B14具有作为发酵乳益生菌辅助发酵剂的潜在应用前景。     

高产胞外多糖的植物乳杆菌直投发酵菊芋泡菜的研究

采用自主研发的高产胞外多糖的植物乳杆菌直投式泡菜发酵剂制备菊芋泡菜,研究其发酵过程中泡菜液pH、总酸、活菌数、维生素C、氨基酸态氮和可溶性固形物含量的变化,同时探讨菊芋主要成分菊粉对植物乳杆菌生长的影响,并测定该菌胞外多糖的产量。结果表明,菊粉可促进植物乳杆菌的生长,37℃培养24 h,该菌胞外多糖产量高达471 mg/L。与自然发酵相比,直投发酵的菊芋泡菜各项指标均优于自然发酵,其泡菜液pH达到3.46、总酸含量达到0.36%,活菌数保持在4.3×108CFU/mL、维生素C含量为16.92%、氨基酸态氮含量为0.033%、可溶性固形物含量达到15%。得到的菊芋泡菜酸度适宜,呈诱人乳白色,活菌含量高,且富含植物乳杆菌胞外多糖,为老少皆宜的益生泡菜产品。     

低聚半乳糖对植物乳杆菌发酵乳特性及抗蜡样芽孢杆菌活性的改善

为探究低聚半乳糖对植物乳杆菌发酵乳特性及抗菌活性的影响,本文采用单因素法考察影响发酵乳特性的主要因素,并以响应面法优化发酵乳最佳发酵条件;以产肠毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌HN001为指示菌,探究低聚半乳糖的添加对植物乳杆菌ZDY2013发酵乳抑菌活性的改善作用。结果表明:植物乳杆菌能有效利用低聚半乳糖进行体外代谢,并抑制蜡样芽孢杆菌生长;牛奶中添加适量低聚半乳糖能够增加植物乳杆菌发酵乳中的活菌数、降低发酵乳的pH,并提高其持水力;响应面分析发现低聚半乳糖发酵乳的最佳制备条件为:2.0%的植物乳杆菌接种量、1.0%的低聚半乳糖添加量、发酵时间为24 h及发酵温度为42 ℃;添加低聚半乳糖的发酵乳能有效控制产肠毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌浓度在106 CFU/mL以下。该研究结果为低聚半乳糖及植物乳杆菌ZDY2013在发酵乳中的应用奠定了理论基础。     

一株产细菌素植物乳杆菌高密度发酵培养基的筛选及其在酸奶中的应用

目的:优化用于高密度发酵产细菌素的植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0391的经济有效培养基,旨在生产具有益生作用的辅助发酵剂。方法:以发酵液中活菌数量和抑菌效果为指标,比较不同水解度的脱脂乳粉、乳清粉、麦麸,以及玉米浆粉的发酵效果,制备冻干形式的植物乳杆菌直投式发酵剂,将其添加至酸奶中,评价其对酸奶发酵时间、pH、滴定酸度、粘度和感官评价的影响,进而确定其在酸奶中应用的可行性。结果:确定脱脂乳粉、乳清粉和麦麸培养基的最佳水解度分别为15%、15%和20%;植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0391在玉米浆粉培养基中获得的发酵效果最佳,活菌数量达到9.53 lg CFU/mL,抑菌圈直径达到12.69 mm。植物乳杆菌直投式菌种的添加对酸奶发酵时间和感官评价无显著影响(P>0.05),酸奶粘度下降,但可以缓解酸奶的后酸化程度。通过优化得到植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0391高密度发酵的廉价培养基为:4%玉米浆粉,同时补充2%葡萄糖和0.1% Tween-80。结论:制得的植物乳杆菌直投式发酵剂可应用于酸奶生产中。     

植物乳杆菌及酸性蛋白酶对发酵香肠保藏性的影响

研究了植物乳杆菌X3-2B单独或与酸性蛋白酶共同添加对羊肉发酵香肠保藏性的影响,自然发酵组作对照。结果表明:各组发酵香肠的乳酸菌数在发酵结束时均达到了107 CFU/g,植物乳杆菌组显著高于酸性蛋白酶组及对照组(p0.05);在加工及贮藏过程中实验组菌落总数显著低于对照组(p0.05),植物乳杆菌的添加明显抑制了菌落总数的增加。植物乳杆菌显著减缓了发酵香肠中TVB-N的增长速率(p0.05),降低了亚硝酸盐的残留量(p0.05),对发酵香肠的脂肪氧化(TBA值)有一定抑制作用,说明作为发酵剂植物乳杆菌X3-2B提高了发酵香肠的贮藏性及安全性。酸性蛋白酶的添加对乳酸菌数、菌落总数、TBA及亚硝酸盐的残留量均无显著影响(p0.05),但导致了TVB-N含量的升高,可以通过降低其添加量达到提高香肠品质且不影响贮藏性的目的。     

植物乳杆菌发酵牛乳的研究进展

牛乳含有丰富的营养物质,拥有广阔的市场,也是益生菌生长和代谢的良好载体。随着益生菌研究领域的发展,对于部分乳酸菌菌株的理化特性和生理功能研究越来越透彻,开发具有功能明确的发酵乳成为益生菌开发的一个重要方向。植物乳杆菌具有较强的耐酸、耐胆盐和耐渗透压的能力,可以清除有害因子、降低胆固醇水平和调节肠道菌群等功能。因此,本文综述植物乳杆菌的功能、应用和研究现状,乳酸菌中酪蛋白的水解机制和肽转运系统,以及植物乳杆菌在牛乳中生长的限制因子和解决方法。     

乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8对发酵乳风味的影响及应用评价

乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8是一株具有优良益生特性的母乳源益生菌。采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(SPME-GC-MS),探究添加乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8对发酵乳挥发性风味物质的影响,并与乳双歧杆菌BB-12比较,同时评价发酵乳的发酵、贮藏及感官特性。结果显示:从发酵乳中共检测到酮类、酸类、醛类、酯类等挥发性风味物质66种,其中分别从添加乳双歧杆菌BB-12的发酵乳、添加乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8的发酵乳及普通发酵乳中检测到39,33,31种物质。添加Probio-M8的发酵乳中,双乙酰、乙偶姻、癸酸、己酸和2-戊酮等特征风味物质相对含量升高,对发酵乳的风味贡献较大。聚类分析结果表明,与对照组相比,Probio-M8和BB-12两种益生菌发酵乳中的挥发性风味物质相对含量和组成较为相近,而乙醛、庚醛和月桂酸等物质也存在差别。BB-12发酵乳和Probio-M8发酵乳的感官评分结果差异不大,均显著高于普通发酵乳(P<0.05),说明添加Probio-M8的发酵乳风味佳、被认可。另外,添加Probio-M8可使发酵乳的黏度显著增加(P<0.05),并缩短了发酵乳的发酵时间,而对发酵乳贮藏期的滴定酸度、pH值、持水性无显著影响(P>0.05)。发酵乳中Probio-M8的活菌数经4 ℃贮藏28 d后为(4.35±0.01)×107 CFU/mL,表明该菌株的存活稳定性好,能有效保证Probio-M8益生功效的发挥。结论:乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8赋予发酵乳益生特性的同时兼具良好的特征风味,为其在实际生产中的应用提供参考。     

新疆传统乳品中产胞外多糖乳酸菌的筛选及益生特性的研究

以新疆塔城地区酸奶、酸马奶、鲜马奶样品为研究对象,采用传统的分离方法对样品中的乳酸菌进行分离,通过16S rRNA分析样品中微生物多样性,在优势菌株中通过苯酚-硫酸法筛选出高产胞外多糖的乳酸菌,测定菌株潜在的益生特性。结果显示,3份酸奶、4份酸马奶和3份鲜马奶共10份样品中分离鉴定出147株乳酸菌,优势菌株为屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）。筛选出3株高产胞外多糖的植物乳杆菌（菌株1-3,1-6,4-1）。潜在益生特性试验结果显示,3株菌均表现出一定的益生特性,其中菌株1-3较其他菌株有较强的肠道定植、降胆固醇能力和胆盐耐受性,其可作为潜在益生菌应用于功能性产品的开发。     

Incorporation of citrus fibers in fermented milk containing probiotic bacteria

The incorporation of Lactobacillus acidophilus CECT 903, Lactobacillus casei CECT 475 and Bifidobacterium bifidum CECT 870 together with lemon (LF) and orange (OF) fibers obtained from juice by-products were tested in (i) a model system: fiber enriched with de Man Rogosa Sharp (MRS) broth cultured with each probiotic bacteria and (ii) evaluation of populations of probiotic bacteria in fermented milks formulated with citrus fibers. Citrus fibers enhanced L. acidophilus CECT 903, and L. casei CECT 475 survival in MRS during refrigerated storage, whereas erratic results were obtained for B. bifidum CECT 870, OF enhanced its growth and LF had inhibitory effect. Populations of probiotic bacteria decreased with storage time in MRS broth. The presence of yogurt starter bacteria in probiotic fermented milks favored the growth and survival of L. acidophilus and B. bifidum. Citrus fiber presence in fermented milks also enhanced bacterial growth and survival of the tested probiotic bacteria. This study indicates that citrus fiber enriched fermented milk have good acceptability and are good vehicles for a variety of commercial probiotics but survival of B. bifidum will need to be improved.     

Growth of Probiotic and Traditional Yogurt Cultures in Milk Supplemented with Whey Protein Hydrolysate

ABSTRACT: Growth of some probiotic bacteria was significantly improved in milk supplemented with whey protein hydrolysate (WPH). However, WPH had no effect on the growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus 18, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus 10442, and Streptococcus thermophilus 1. When the probiotic bacteria were grown in combination with different yogurt cultures in milk, WPH caused significant increases in growth of Bifidobacterium longum S9, L. acidophilus O16, and L. acidophilus L-1. However, by day 28 of refrigerated storage, the populations of the probiotic cultures that had been grown in samples supplemented with WPH were similar or below those in the control samples.     

Evaluation of the possible use of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains in dairy products

In the study, the ability of two potentially probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum 14 and Lactobacillus fermentum 4a to milk fermentation and the possibility to use them in yogurt production were investigated. The strains did not acidify milk during 24 h and 72 h fermentation at 37C, but grew well and remained at the level of 10⁸ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL during 21 days of cold storage. Their application to yogurt production along with commercial starter culture consisted on L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus allowed to obtain products with typical sensory properties, pH values and numbers of potentially probiotic bacteria at desired level 10⁷ CFU/mL.     

Growth of probiotic bacteria and bifidobacteria in a soy yogurt formulation

Soy beverage and cows' milk yogurts were produced with Steptococcus thermophilus (ATCC 4356) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (IM 025). The drop in pH during fermentation was faster in the soy beverage than in cows' milk, but the final pH values were similar. Yogurts were prepared with a yogurt starter in conjunction with either the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 (La-1), Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 (GG) or human derived bifidobacteria. The presence of the probiotic bacteria did not affect the growth of the yogurt strains. Approximately 2 log increases in both L. rhamnosus GG and L. johnsonii La-1 were observed when each was added with the yogurt strains in both cows' milk and the soy beverage. Two of the five bifidobacteria strains grew well in the cows' milk and soy beverage during fermentation with the yogurt bacteria. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses showed that the probiotic bacteria and the bifidobacteria were using different sugars to support their growth, depending on whether the bacteria were growing in cows' milk or soy beverage.     

复合菌剂和酸化剂组合对玉米秸秆青贮的影响

以玉米秸秆为原料,设置对照组（CK）和5个试验组（分别添加布氏乳杆菌（L1）、植物乳杆菌（L2）、戊糖片球菌（L3）、复合菌剂（L4）、复合菌剂及酸化剂（L5））。选取不同发酵时间（0 d、15 d、30 d、45 d、60 d、90 d）取样,测定玉米秸秆中乳酸菌数、酵母菌数以及pH随时间的变化规律,并在青贮饲料发酵90 d结束后检测青贮发酵产物及有氧稳定性。结果表明,与对照组相比,乳酸菌剂的添加均能提高青贮饲料品质,但戊糖片球菌提升效果较差;复合菌剂与单独添加布氏乳杆菌或植物乳杆菌之间无明显差异（P＞0.05）;酸化剂的添加显著提高了青贮饲料有氧稳定性（P＜0.05）。     

Effect of milk base and starter culture on acidification,texture, and probiotic cell counts in fermented milk processing

In the present work, the compared effect of milk base and starter culture on acidification, texture, growth, and stability of probiotic bacteria in fermented milk processing, was studied. Two strains of probiotic bacteria were used, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and L. rhamnosus LR35, with two starter cultures. One starter culture consisted only of Streptococcus thermophilus ST7 (single starter culture); the other was a yogurt mixed culture with S. thermophilus ST7 and L. bulgaricus LB12 (mixed starter culture). For the milk base preparation, four commercial dairy ingredients were tested (two milk protein concentrates and two casein hydrolysates). The resulting fermented milks were compared to those obtained with control milk (without enrichment) and milk added with skim milk powder. The performance of the two probiotic strains were opposite. L. acidophilus LA5 grew well on milk but showed a poor stability during storage. L. rhamnosus LR35 grew weakly on milk but was remarkably stable during storage. With the strains tested in this study, the use of the single starter culture and the addition of casein hydrolysate gave the best probiotic cell counts. The fermentation time was of about 11 h, and the probiotic level after five weeks of storage was greater than 106 cfu/ml for L. acidophilus LA5 and 10(7) cfu/ml for L. rhamnosus LR35. However, an optimization of the level of casein hydrolysate added to milk base has to be done, in order to improve texture and flavor when using this dairy ingredient.     

Adhesive and chemokine stimulatory properties of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains

Five Lactobacillus plantarum strains and two Lactobacillus johnsonii strains, stemming either from African traditionally fermented milk products or children's feces, were investigated for probiotic properties in vitro. The relationship between the hydrophobic-hydrophilic cell surface and adhesion ability to HT29 intestinal epithelial cells was investigated, and results indicated that especially the L. johnsonii strains, which exhibited both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface characteristics, adhered well to HT29 cells. Four L. plantarum and two L. johnsonii strains showed high adherence to HT29 cells, generally higher than that of the probiotic control strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Most strains with high adhesion ability also showed high autoaggregation ability. The two L. johnsonii strains coaggregated well with the intestinal pathogens Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028. The L. plantarum BFE 1685 and L. johnsonii 6128 strains furthermore inhibited the adhesion of at least two of these intestinal pathogens in coculture with HT29 cells in a strain-dependent way. These two potential probiotic strains also significantly increased interleukin-8 (IL-8) chemokine production by HT29 cells, although modulation of other cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), did not occur. Altogether, our results suggested that L. plantarum BFE 1685 and L. johnsonii BFE 6128 showed good adherence, coaggregated with pathogens, and stimulated chemokine production of intestinal epithelial cells, traits that may be considered promising for their development as probiotic strains.     

Characterization of the lactic acid bacteria in ewe's milk and cheese from northwest Argentina

Indigenous lactic acid bacteria in ewe's milk and artisanal cheese were studied in four samples of fresh raw milk and four 1-month-old cheeses from the provinces of northwest Argentina. Mean growth counts on M17, MRS, and MSE agar media did not show significant differences (P < 0.05) in raw milk and cheeses. Isolates of lactic acid bacteria from milk were identified as Enterococcus (48%), lactococci (14%), leuconostocs (8%), and lactobacilli (30%). All lactococci were identified as Lactococcus lactis (subsp. lactis and subsp. cremoris). Lactobacilli were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (92%) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (8%). Enterococci (59%) and lactobacilli (41%) were isolated from cheeses. L. plantarum (93%), L. acidophilus (5%), and Lactobacillus casei (2%) were most frequently isolated. L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis strains were considered as fast acid producers. L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains were slow acid producers. L. plantarum and L. casei strains identified from the cheeses showed slow acid production. The majority of the lactobacilli and Lactococcus lactis strains utilized citrate and produced diacetyl and acetoin in milk. Enzyme activities (API-ZYM tests) of lactococci were low, but activities of L. plantarum strains were considerably higher. The predominance of L. plantarum in artisanal cheese is probably important in the ripening of these cheeses due to their physiological and biochemical characteristics.