Ni基合金一碳化铬复合涂层抗磨损性能的研究

用真空熔烧的方法在钢的表面制得一层与钢基体有牢固冶金结合，厚度为1．0～1．5mm的Ni基自熔各金-碳化铬的复合涂层。应用扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪等仪器对复合涂层的组织和结构进行了观察和分析；采用环块磨损试验机，在油润滑条件下，对不同碳化铬含量的复合涂层与组成的摩擦副进行了磨损试验。试验结果表明，复合涂层的耐磨性能均比作为对比试验的钢对钢的耐磨性能好：其磨损率随碳化铬含量增加而减少。与钢相比复合涂层磨损率减少约一个数量级。与钢对钢及单纯Ni基自熔合金溶层不同，复合涂层对钢的磨损率大致保持不变。在综合分析的基础上，也对复合涂层合理的碳化铬含量进行了计论。     

Ni基合金—碳化铬复合涂层抗磨损性能的研究

用真空熔烧的方法在钢的表面制得一层与钢基体有牢固冶金结合,厚度为1.0～1.5mm的Ni基白熔合金—碳化铬的复合涂层.应用扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪等仪器对复合涂层的组织和结构进行了观察和分析.采用环块磨损试验机,在油润滑条件下,对不同碳化铬含量的复合涂层与组成的摩擦副进行了磨损试验.试验结果表明,复合涂层的耐磨性能均比作为对比试验的钢对钢的耐磨性能好.其磨损率随碳化铬含量增加而减少.与钢相比复合涂层磨损率减少约一个数量级.与钢对钢及单纯Ni基自熔合金涂层不同,复合涂层对钢的磨损率大致保持不变.在综合分析的基础上,也对复合涂层合理的碳化铬含量进行了讨论.     

激光熔覆镍基碳化铬与镍基碳化钨涂层对比研究

对激光熔覆镍基碳化钨与镍基碳化铬涂层组织性能进行了研究.结果表明,激光熔覆镍基碳化铬涂层搭接区与非搭接区组织有较大区别,搭接区涂层主要由MxCy相组成,非搭接区出现许多菱状硬质CrxCy碳化物;激光熔覆搭接方式对镍基碳化钨组织影响不大.镍基碳化铬涂层平均显微硬度为920 HV0.2,比镍基碳化钨硬度约低180 HV0.2,多道搭接对镍基碳化钨硬度影响不大,但镍基碳化铬的平均硬度下降为800 HV0.2.单道激光熔覆镍基碳化铬涂层耐磨性要高于多道搭接激光熔覆;但不同搭接方式激光熔覆碳化钨的涂层耐磨性相差不大.单道激光熔覆涂层耐腐蚀性比多道搭接激光熔覆涂层耐腐蚀性好,同含量下镍基碳化铬的耐腐蚀性比镍基碳化钨好.     

Fe/Cr3C2复合涂层与其基材16Mn钢的结合性能的研究

以16Mn钢为基材，在其表面电弧喷涂Fe／Cr3C2复合涂层，再在复合涂层之上再电弧喷涂铝。将此涂层在850℃下进行不同时间的热处理，并对各涂层及其与基材间的过渡层的组织、硬度，尤其是涂层结合性进行了分析和研究。结果表明，保温32h和48h的涂层与基材16Mn钢的结合性能较好。。     

镍基-碳化铬复合涂层材料的界面分析

利用多项式曲线拟合浓度函数 ,结合菲克扩散第二定律 ,编制了FORTRAN程序 ,快速准确地计算出了各组元的扩散系数。证实真空熔烧所得镍基合金 碳化铬复合涂层与钢基体之间发生界面扩散 ,形成牢固的冶金结合     

高温气冷反应堆中的摩擦磨损及表面涂层技术的应用

本文简要介绍了高温气冷反应堆中材料的磨擦磨损特性及其对减摩耐磨涂层的要求，重点总结了热喷涂碳化铬、氧化锆涂层，以及气相沉税TiC、MoS2涂层在高温气冷反应堆中的应用与发展状况。     

高温气冷反应堆中的摩擦磨损及表面涂层技术的应用

本文简要介绍了高温气冷反应堆中材料的摩擦磨损特性及其对减摩耐磨涂层的要求，重点总结了热喷涂碳化铬、氧化锆涂层，以及气相沉积TiC、MoS2涂层在高温气冷反应堆中的应用与发展状况。     

电火花沉积碳化铬基金属陶瓷涂层的微观组织与性能

采用电火花沉积分别制备了碳化铬基金属陶瓷单涂层和碳化铬基金属陶瓷/Ni复合涂层。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对比研究了单涂层和复合涂层的物相、微观组织结构、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,两种涂层组织结构致密,与基体呈良好的冶金结合,并在涂层内形成了纳米晶的微观组织。复合涂层中FeCr_(0.29)Ni_(0.16)C_(0.06)韧性相含量增加,在涂层界面处存在过渡层Ni,并以塑性变形的方式释放了更多沉积时产生的热应力,因而涂层裂纹明显减少。复合涂层的峰值硬度(11.86 GPa)虽略低于单涂层,但该涂层具有最小的摩擦系数(0.2462),1 h磨损量仅为单涂层的1/3,因此表现出更好的耐磨性能,其主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

金属陶瓷切削刀具的耐磨涂层

沉积耐磨涂层的常规化学气相沉积和物理气相沉积方法已被证明不能有效地提高以Ｎｉ￣Ｍｏ基粘结剂粘结的ＴｉＣ基或ＴｉＣＮ基金属陶瓷的使用寿命，因为粘结剂与涂层之间会发生强烈的反应。现已开发了一种金属陶瓷切削刀具沉积碳化铬基多层涂层的新方法。这种方法包括真空处理 基体和沉积由碳化铬上层和碳化物层和基体之间Ｎｉ基中间层组成的涂层。经涂层的金属陶瓷可转位刀片的耐磨性由于涂层的独特结构及其优异性能而得到明显提高     

碳化铬基金属陶瓷电火花沉积涂层的微观组织与性能

采用电火花沉积分别制备了碳化铬基金属陶瓷单涂层和碳化铬基金属陶瓷/Ni复合涂层。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对比研究了单涂层和复合涂层的物相、微观组织结构、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,两种涂层组织结构致密,与基体呈良好的冶金结合,并在涂层内形成了纳米晶的微观组织。复合涂层中FeCr_0.29Ni_0.16C_0.06韧性相含量增加,在涂层界面处存在过渡层Ni,并以塑性变形的方式释放了更多沉积时产生的热应力,因而涂层裂纹明显减少。复合涂层的峰值硬度(1186HV_0.05)虽略低于单涂层,但该涂层具有最小的摩擦系数(0.2462),1h磨损量仅为单涂层的1/3,因此表现出更好的耐磨性能,其主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

渗硼处理对H13钢碳化铬覆层抗铝液侵蚀性能的影响

将未处理H13钢、热反应扩散(TRD)法渗铬试样及铬硼复合渗(TRD渗铬+TRD渗硼)试样浸入熔融铝液进行热浸铝试验。对渗铝试样截面进行显微观察及渗铝层定点成分分析。结果表明:相同热浸铝条件下,单一碳化铬覆层的浸铝层厚度与未处理H13钢相当,即单独渗铬并不能提升H13钢抗铝液侵蚀能力。而硼铬复合处理试样浸铝层厚度为单一碳化铬覆层的67%,渗硼处理的应用能够有效提高TRD碳化铬覆层抗铝液侵蚀能力。试样经热浸铝后渗铝层Fe-Al金属间化合物成分主要为Fe₂Al₅。     

Microstructure of electroplated hard chromium coatings after plasma nitrocarburizing

Plasma nitrocarburizing was carried out on the hard chromium coating deposited on SM45C mild carbon steel substrate by electroplating. After plasma nitrocarburizing at 720 °C for 20 h, a 6–7-μm-thick nitride layer consisting of CrN and Cr₂N was formed on the surface of Cr coating with the microhardness of about 950–1100 HV0.1. Due to the effect of annealing caused by plasma nitrocarburizing process at higher temperature and the Cr being a strong carbide-forming element, the carbon in steel substrate diffused outward into the Cr coating and reacted with Cr forming Cr carbide interface layer between the Cr electroplating and substrate. The nitrogen going into the microcracks and the volume increase accompanied by Cr nitride and carbide formation would cause the microcracks inherent to hard chromium plating disappear and improve its corrosion resistance. The microstructures of nitride and carbide layers were studied using X-ray diffraction and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy.     

铬钛共渗及渗层耐磨性分析

通过表面铬钛渗层改性处理，可提高钢的表面硬度和耐磨性，从而提高工件的表面性能。对钢的铬钛共渗及其耐磨性进行分析研究，并与铬和钛的单渗层进行性能对比。结果表明，铬钛共渗层由混合铬碳化合物和TiC构成，这使得铬钛共渗层具有比铬和钛的单渗层更好的耐磨性。     

Properties and tribological performance of ceramic-base chromium and vanadium carbide composite coatings

In the current study, the surface of AISI D2 steel was coated with the powder blends of ferro-vanadium (Fe-V) and ferro-chromium (Fe-Cr). The coatings were performed using a thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) treatment by the pack cementation method at three different temperatures (900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C) and three different durations (1 h, 2 h, and 3 h). The structural and mechanical characteristics of the coatings were compared between the treatment groups. For this aim, the types of the formed phases, the microstructure, the microhardness, the surface roughness, and the wear and friction performance of the coated samples were examined. XRD analysis found composite carbide coatings including chromium carbide (Cr-C), vanadium carbide (V-C), and chromium vanadium carbide (Cr-V-C). The coatings' thickness was 11.3–23.2 μm, hardness was 2100–2500 HV, and average surface roughness (R_a) was 0.286–0.550 μm, depending on the treatment condition. The vanadium containing phase contents of the coatings increased with the elevating coating temperatures. The formed composite coating layers caused a change in the appearance of wear track and wear mechanism on the material surface. After the coating process, there found to be a decrease in the friction coefficient as well as an improvement in the wear resistance up to 7 times. In the composite coating layers, the increase in V-C content in comparison to Cr-C led to an enhancement in wear resistance on the material surface.     

等离子熔覆NiCr-Cr3C2复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的研究

目的研究碳化铬含量及磨损载荷力对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响,探究不同磨损载荷下的磨损机制。方法采用5种Ni55和NiCr-Cr_3C_2的混合粉末(Ni Cr-Cr_3C_2质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%),通过等离子熔覆技术制备金属基复合涂层。采用XRD、SEM对涂层物相进行检测分析,使用Rtec万能摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层表面进行不同载荷下的摩擦磨损性能测试。对涂层组织、摩擦系数、磨损体积及磨损表面微观形貌进行对比分析,探究碳化铬的含量以及摩擦载荷对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果 NiCr-Cr_3C_2在熔覆过程中发生熔化,XRD测得涂层中的碳化物主要以Cr_7C_3为主,其他主要物相包括Cr_3C_2、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_5B_3、Ni_3Si。复合涂层的硬度及耐磨性能随着碳化铬含量的增加而增大,硬度最高达1500HV以上,耐磨性是基体Q235的2～16倍。当磨损载荷低于80 N时,主要发生磨粒磨损;当磨损载荷为100 N时,主要发生粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,其中S5的磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损。结论加入碳化铬,随着碳化铬含量增加,复合涂层的耐磨性不断提高,并且随着磨损载荷的增大,涂层磨损机制发生转变。     

Evaluation of WC–17Co and WC–10Co–4Cr thermal spray coatings by HVOF on the fatigue and corrosion strength of AISI 4340 steel

It is known that chromium electroplating is related to the reduction in the fatigue strength of base metal. However, chromium results in protection against wear and corrosion combined with chemical resistance and good lubricity. Environmental requirements are an important point to be considered in the search for possible alternatives to hard chrome plating. Aircraft landing gear manufactures are considering WC thermal spray coating applied by the high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) process an alternative candidate, which shows performance at least comparable to results, obtained for hard chrome plating. The aim of this study is to compare the influence of WC–17Co and WC–10Co–4Cr coatings applied by HVOF process and hard chromium electroplating on the fatigue strength of AISI 4340 steel, with and without shot peening. S–N curves were obtained in axial fatigue test for base material, chromium plated and tungsten carbide coated specimens. Tungsten carbide thermal spray coating results in higher fatigue strength when compared to hard chromium electroplated. Shot peening prior to thermal spraying showed to be an excellent alternative to increase fatigue strength of AISI 4340 steel. Experimental data showed higher axial fatigue and corrosion resistance in salt fog exposure for samples WC–10Co–4Cr HVOF coated when compared with WC–17Co. Fracture surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the existence of a uniform coverage of nearly all substrates.     

Influence of chromium,molybdenum and cobalt on the corrosion behaviour of high carbon steels in dependence of heat treatment

High chromium martensitic steels are designed to provide high corrosion resistance in combination with high strength. Some of these steel grades contain primary carbides for improving the wear resistance, e.g. the steel 440C. The present paper mainly deals with the effect of chemical composition and microstructure on the corrosion properties. Different experimental alloys were produced in the shape of small ingots. The influence of the alloying elements chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, and carbon on the corrosion properties was studied. The results can be summarized as follows: Chromium and molybdenum improve the corrosion resistance, however, only the content of these elements in solid solution in the steel matrix is effective. In case of cobalt the corrosion resistance decreases. The reason is the interaction between cobalt and carbon and its effect on the chromium content in the steel matrix. The calculated pitting resistant equivalent number of high chromium martensitic steels is only limited valid, because there is a major effect of carbide precipitation on the corrosion behaviour. Further investigations were focused on the heat treatment. Especially the effect of the tempering temperature of these steels was studied. The tempering temperature is most relevant for secondary hardening carbide precipitation, which lowers the chromium content of the matrix with detrimental influence on the corrosion properties. The carbide precipitation and chromium distribution was characterized by means of energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM).     

固-液复合铸造锤头的组织与性能

研究高铬铸铁-碳钢固-液复合铸造锤头的组织及硬度分布特征。结果表明,固-液复合铸造高铬铸铁锤头部分具有较高的硬度,远离复合面高铬铸铁硬度增加,碳钢硬度降低。远离复合面高铬铸铁组织为M7C3型碳化物+回火马氏体+残余奥氏体,固-液复合铸造高铬铸铁组织中碳化物有定向分布的趋势,有利于提高锤头的耐磨性;远离复合面碳钢部分的组织为珠光体和较多的铁素体,复合面附近碳钢组织珠光体数量明显增加,铁素体数量明显减小,高铬铸铁中的碳通过复合界面向碳钢进行扩散。     

热模钢渗氮与30SiMn2MoVA镀铬性能比较

30SiMn2MoVA钢作为我国传统轻武器身管用钢,逐渐不能满足现代武器的要求,内膛镀铬处理带来的问题也急需解决。选用一种新研发的具有良好室温、高温和低温强韧性匹配的热模钢25Cr3Mo2NiSiWVNb,结合其合金元素种类,通过盐浴渗氮进行表面改性,并与30SiMn2MoVA镀铬进行比较。开展了30SiMn2MoVA镀铬和热模钢渗氮后组织形貌观察、硬度检测以及热模钢渗氮前后物相变化的分析,并针对身管储存要求及实际射击工况,对两种试样的耐蚀性和耐高温磨损性能进行比较。结果表明:热模钢渗氮后硬度高于镀铬层,在3.5%NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀性能与镀铬层相当,但是耐高温磨性能仍需要进一步提升。     

碳化铬/Ni3Al复合堆焊层组织及摩擦磨损分析

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针及X射线衍射分析钨极氩弧堆焊碳化铬增强Ni3Al基复合堆焊层的组织结构,并采用销盘式干摩擦磨损试验机对堆焊层与活塞环用蠕墨铸铁材料的干摩擦磨损性能进行试验比较.结果表明,复合堆焊层内形成Ni3Al金属间化合物基体,其中弥散分布有大量细小的块状和条状碳化物硬质相Cr3C2和Cr7C3;焊接时焊丝中Cr3C2颗粒溶解析出,重新析出的碳化铬颗粒中包含Fe和Ni元素,碳化铬颗粒与Ni3Al基体形成良好的冶金结合;弥散分布的碳化铬颗粒和Ni3Al基体固溶强化的Cr元素决定了堆焊层具有较高的硬度.室温条件下,复合堆焊层具有优异的耐干摩擦磨损性能,其摩擦系数为0.23,远低于活塞环蠕墨铸铁的0.39;磨损率仅为蠕墨铸铁材料的43%.