4,6-二乙氧基间苯二胺的合成

以1,5-二氯-2,4-二硝基苯（DCDNB）为原料,经烷氧基化和催化加氢还原反应合成4,6-二乙氧基间苯二胺（DEDAB）,并探索了其影响因素。结果表明合成中间体1,5-二乙氧基-2,4-二硝基苯（DEDNB）的较佳条件为：n(DCDNB)∶n(NaOH)∶n(无水C2H5OH)=1∶4∶30,室温下反应7 h,收率96.43%,HPLC纯度99.74%;产品DEDAB的较优合成工艺条件为：n(DEDNB)∶n(无水C2H5OH)= 1∶44,w(10%Pd/C)/w(DEDNB)= 10%,反应时间7 h,反应温度110 ℃,氢气压力1.5 MPa,收率95.42%,HPLC纯度98.87%。产品及中间体结构经1H NMR、MS 和FTIR分析表征确认。     

2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷的合成

2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷是一种新型膨胀型阻燃剂和合成N-P系膨胀型阻燃剂的中间体。研究了Fe-A l/C催化水合肼还原2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)丙烷合成2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷的反应条件。结果表明:对20 mmol的反应物,Fe-A l/C催化剂的用量为0.6 g,反应温度为75℃,反应时间为5 h,物料比n〔2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)丙烷〕∶n(水合肼)=1∶12时,还原产率为93.75%,w〔2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷〕=96.5%(HPLC),Fe-A l/C催化剂可以重复使用7次。产物经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱分析确证。     

三(2-甲基-2-苯基丙基)锡3,5-二硝基苯甲酸酯的合成、晶体结构、热稳定性及体外抗癌活性研究

3,5-二硝基苯甲酸与苯丁锡反应,合成了三(2-甲基-2-苯基丙基)锡3,5-二硝基苯甲酸酯配合物。经IR、(~1H、~(13)C和~(119)Sn)NMR、元素分析及X射线单晶衍射对配合物进行了表征。该配合物中锡原子为四配位畸变四面体构型。试验表明,配合物在210℃以下都可以稳定存在,对人癌细胞NCI-H460、MCF-7和Hep G2增殖均有较强的抑制作用。     

N-甲基-7-硝基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的合成

研究了一种N-甲基-7-硝基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的合成新工艺,该法以1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉为原料,在离子液体催化下用碳酸二甲酯进行烷基化,然后用Cu(NO3)2.3H2O/醋酸进行硝化反应得到目标产物。通过对影响反应的多种因素研究得到比较合理的工艺条件,烷基化反应:1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉∶DMC=1∶4(mol比,下同),90～95℃反应5h;硝化反应:Cu(NO3)2.3H2O∶N-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉=1.5∶1,40℃反应3h;在此条件下,两步总收率74.7%。产品结构经1 H NMR表征确认。     

2-氨基-5-溴-3-吗啉-4-基吡嗪的合成

以2-氨基吡嗪(Ⅰ)为原料,经溴代、吗啉取代,合成得到目标化合物2-氨基-5-溴-3-吗啉-4-基吡嗪(Ⅲ),合成路线总收率为45.9%(以2-氨基吡嗪计),目标化合物结构经1HNMR确证。该文对反应投料比、温度、反应时间等因素进行了考察并优化,最优反应条件为:n(2-氨基吡嗪)∶n(溴素)∶n(吡啶)=1∶2.1∶2.1,避光,40℃下反应30 min;每克3,5-二溴-2-氨基吡嗪加入4 mL吗啉,80℃下反应1 h。优化后的合成路线反应条件温和、操作简单、成本低廉,适合较大规模制备。     

3-(2-甲基-6-甲基硫代苯基)-4,5-二氢化异噁唑的合成研究

以2-(4,5-二氢异噁唑-3-基)-3-甲基苯胺为原料,铜为催化剂在无水的条件下经亚硝酸叔丁酯重氮化合成3-(2-甲基-6-甲基硫代苯基)-4,5-二氢化异噁唑。探索了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂的用量等因素对反应的影响,优化条件为反应温度为60℃,反应时间为1.5 h,n(2-(4,5-二氢异噁唑-3-基)-3-甲基苯胺)∶n(催化剂)=1∶3,反应收率为98.6%,产品结构经LC-MS、~1H NMR确证。     

2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-1,4-苯醌的合成

以3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯(TMT)为原料,先由V ilsm e ier-Haack反应合成6-甲基-2,3,4-三甲氧基苯甲醛,然后在对甲基苯磺酸催化下经Dak in反应将其氧化为6-甲基-2,3,4-三甲氧基苯酚,最后用重铬酸钠催化氧化合成了辅酶Q0,过程总收率达到72.3%。经正交实验得V ilsm e ier-Haack反应的最佳工艺为:n(TMT)∶n(POC l3)∶n(DMF)=1∶1.8∶2.2,反应温度70℃,反应时间7 h。在此工艺条件下,此步反应收率可达93.2%,w(6-甲基-2,3,4-三甲氧基苯甲醛)=98.5%;在Dakin反应中,以w(H2O2)=30%为氧化剂,30℃为最佳反应温度,反应时间1.5 h。     

两种3,5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基脂肪酸盐酸盐的合成

以3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯、3-氨基丙酸和6-氨基正己酸为原料,室温反应合成了3-(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氨基)丙酸和6-(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氨基)正己酸。反应过程中,3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯分批加入,滴加2 mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液控制反应体系的pH=8~9,n(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯)/n(氨基酸)=1,收率分别为84%和81%;硝基化合物经10%钯炭催化剂(用量为反应物质量的10%)催化加氢,再经盐酸酸化,得目标产物3-(3,5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基)丙酸盐酸盐和6-(3,5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基)正己酸盐酸盐,收率分别为93%和94%。相关化合物的结构通过FTIR1、HNMR1、3CNMR进行了表征。     

2-氨基-4,5-二芳基噻唑的合成

以芳香醛为原料,经安息香缩合反应合成了5个2-羟基-1,2-二芳基乙酮类物质,并对该反应条件进行了优化,得到了最佳合成条件为:20 mol%催化剂,10 mol%NaOH,V(H2O)∶V(C2H5OH)=1∶3。2-羟基-1,2-二芳基乙酮类物质经氯代、环合最终合成2-氨基噻唑衍生物。产物结构经IR、1HNMR和HRMS进行表征。     

Keggin杂多酸催化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

以间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,Keggin结构磷钨酸、磷钼酸、磷钼钨酸和硅钨酸杂多酸做催化剂,在无溶剂的条件下,经Pechmann反应催化合成了7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素,该催化反应具有选择性高、不污染环境及不腐蚀设备的优点。以H4SiW12O40.15H2O催化剂为代表进行了条件优化,在n(间苯二酚)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(H4SiW12O40.15H2O)=1∶1.5∶0.01,反应温度130℃,反应时间20min条件下,7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素收率为85.9%。该文报告工作的新颖性已为中国科学技术信息研究所2007年6月4日出具的第20071100100234号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.