芝麻油生产工艺对细辛素形成的影响

对28个芝麻油样的芝麻木酚素组分含量进行检测分析。结果发现:2个浸出精炼芝麻油样中细辛素含量(mg/100 g)平均119.45,其他26个油样中仅有3个检测出很少的细辛素(分别为17.25、7.43、0.58),冷榨芝麻油中未检出细辛素。对冷榨芝麻油进行水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色、蒸馏脱臭等精炼处理,并对处理后的芝麻油进行细辛素含量检测。结果表明:磷酸水化脱胶和活性白土吸附脱色能造成芝麻油中细辛素形成.且含量随磷酸用量和白土用量的增加而增加(磷酸用量1%时为131.22,白土用量5%时为50.73);其他处理过程没有细辛素形成。据此,细辛素可作为区别冷榨芝麻油和浸出精炼芝麻油的特征指标。     

胭脂萝卜籽油精炼与理化性质分析

以冷榨的胭脂萝卜籽毛油为原料,分别考察了不同因素对水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色与加热真空脱臭等过程精炼效果的影响,并对油脂的理化性质进行了分析。结果表明:水化脱胶的条件为温度75℃、磷酸添加量0.4%、加水量5%,脱胶率为90.1%;碱炼脱酸的参数为碱炼初温40℃、碱液浓度16 °Bé、超碱量0.3%,脱酸率为93.7%;活性白土为脱色吸附剂,在添加量0.3%、温度80℃、时间50 min时,脱色率为83.5%;在170℃下加热真空脱臭1.5 h得到无气味的精炼油;精炼油的折光指数1.468±0.001、碘值(98.5±0.6)g/100 g、酸值0.28 mg KOH·g-1等各项指标均符合二级菜籽油和萝卜籽油标准。     

大豆油精炼过程中多环芳烃的迁移规律

明确大豆油精炼过程多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）风险成分的迁移规律,以便于食品中PAHs的风险防范和控制。通过对大豆油精炼生产中脱胶油、脱酸油、脱色油、脱臭油和对应加工助剂磷酸、烧碱、活性白土以及精炼副产物油脚、皂脚、废白土、脱臭馏出物样品中PAHs组分含量的检测,分析PAHs在大豆油精炼生产中的迁移规律。结果显示：大豆油精炼用加工助剂中均含有PAHs,磷酸、烧碱和活性白土中苯并[a]芘（benzo[a]pyrene,BaP）含量分别为0.95、1.84?μg/kg和0.71?μg/kg,欧盟限量控制的4?种PAHs（PAH4）（苯并[a]蒽、?、苯并[b]荧蒽和BaP）含量为2.81、16.81?μg/kg和8.85?μg/kg,美国优先控制的16?种PAHs（PAH16）含量为26.18、112.61?μg/kg和111.85?μg/kg;在大豆油水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、蒸馏脱臭过程BaP的脱除率分别为7.57%、23.57%、91.65%,水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色、蒸馏脱臭过程PAH4的脱除率分别为15.93%、10.41%、19.31%、50.91%,PAH16的脱除率分别为15.45%、11.59%、6.66%、52.99%;大豆油精炼副产物油脚、皂脚、废白土、脱臭馏出物中BaP含量分别为0.45、0.90、0.52、12.49?μg/kg,PAH4含量分别为10.14、7.39、9.69、300.50?μg/kg,PAH16含量分别为261.60、434.49、156.29、2?775.15?μg/kg。     

高谷维素米糠油精炼工艺研究

为优化高谷维素米糠油精炼工艺,以谷维素保留率、磷脂含量、色泽、米糠油得率等为考察指标,对米糠毛油进行磷酸水化脱胶、脱蜡、脱色、脱臭、物理-化学联合脱酸等精炼处理。研究结果表明,加水量6%时,磷酸水化脱胶效果最好,谷维素保留率为96.5%;温度120℃、时间20 min时,活性白土和活性炭的脱色效果最好,谷维素保留率为90.2%;先通过物理精炼将酸价降低8 mg KOH/g,再采用化学精炼,米糠油得率达到最高值87.2%,谷维素保留率为87.6%。     

不同精炼方法对玉米油中呕吐毒素脱除效果的研究

分别以高、低质量浓度呕吐毒素(DON)含量的玉米毛油为原料,以DON脱除率及残留量为考察指标,研究不同精炼方法对玉米油中DON的脱除效果,并与工厂实际生产效果进行对比。采用优化的脱除工艺条件,高质量浓度DON玉米毛油(1 745.43μg/kg)和低质量浓度DON玉米毛油(456.73μg/kg)在经过水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色和高温蒸馏脱臭后均可以达到较为理想的DON脱除效果。精炼方法中以水化脱胶和碱炼脱酸的脱除效果较好。对高质量浓度DON含量的玉米毛油,水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸的DON脱除率可分别达到88.94%和90.07%,脱除后DON含量分别为193.06μg/kg和173.29μg/kg。低质量浓度DON含量玉米毛油水化脱胶和碱炼脱酸的脱除率可分别达到59.54%和58.23%,脱除后DON含量分别为184.79μg/kg和190.79μg/kg。与工厂实际玉米油精炼脱除效果相比,本实验的DON脱除率有明显提高。研究结果为玉米油精炼工艺条件优化和技术改进提供了参考和技术支持。     

蒜头果油水化脱胶和碱炼脱酸工艺优化

以蒜头果毛油为原料,采用单因素试验研究了水化脱胶过程中磷酸添加量、水添加量、脱胶温度和脱胶时间对脱胶率的影响,采用正交试验优化了工艺条件;采用单因素试验研究了碱炼脱酸过程中超碱量、碱液质量分数和脱酸温度对脱酸率的影响,并用响应面试验优化了工艺条件。结果表明:最优的脱胶工艺条件为磷酸添加量0.4%、水添加量4%、脱胶温度30℃、脱胶时间50 min,此条件下脱胶油磷脂含量降至0.023 mg/g,脱胶率可达98.67%;最优的碱炼脱酸工艺条件为超碱量0.2%、碱液质量分数10%、脱酸温度40℃、脱酸时间30 min,此条件下脱酸油的酸价(KOH)降至0.34 mg/g,脱酸率达96.79%。     

小麦胚芽油精炼工艺优化及对其品质的影响

为提高小麦胚芽油品质,以溶剂浸提小麦胚芽毛油为原料,分析了不同精炼工序小麦胚芽油的理化性质、脂肪酸和V_E组成及含量的变化,确定了最优精炼工艺和对小麦胚芽油品质影响较大的工序。结果表明,最优精炼工艺参数为:碱炼脱酸时超碱量0.25%,碱炼温度55℃,碱液质量分数6.5%,碱炼时间35 min;添加5%吸附剂(白土与活性炭质量比18∶1),在80℃下真空吸附脱色30 min;220℃下脱臭10 min可脱除臭味并最有利于保存V_E。精炼工艺中的碱炼脱酸工序能够有效降低小麦胚芽油酸值(KOH)和磷脂含量分别至0.38 mg/g和160 mg/kg,脱色能够明显降低油脂色泽;精炼对脂肪酸组成及含量影响很小,而V_E损失率达到51.75%,其中在脱酸和脱臭工序损失率分别为16.10%和22.58%。精炼过程中的脱酸和脱臭工序对小麦胚芽油品质影响较大,应根据对产品的营养要求进行适度精炼加工。     

棉籽油精炼工艺研究

实验研究得出了棉籽油的精炼工艺:棉籽毛油先加入磷酸(添加量0.02%(占油质量))预处理,再加入碱液(超碱量1.0%)进行碱炼,升温离心脱皂,添加12%的85℃软水进行水洗脱皂,在130℃、真空度0.098 MPa条件下脱水30 min,然后每次加入2%(占油质量)的白土,在105℃、真空度0.098 MPa条件下连续进行两次脱色,在210℃、真空度1 k Pa条件下进行脱臭;使脱胶和脱酸合二为一,连续两次脱色,在第二次脱色过程中充分发挥白土的脱色效果。通过实验证明,可通过控制合适的超碱量实现碱炼脱色和白土脱色的最优化,既降低白土的使用量和精炼损失,又使棉籽油色泽达到了一级棉籽油国家标准(GB 1537—2003)要求。     

提高米糠油中谷维素含量的脱酸工艺研究

对米糠油进行脱蜡和磷酸-草酸辅助水化脱胶,再联合碱炼脱酸、蒸馏脱酸两段脱酸工艺进行脱酸,研究碱炼脱酸保留酸价以及两段脱酸工艺对谷维素留存率的影响。以谷维素含量、脱酸率、精炼率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面试验优化脱酸工艺。结果表明,原油酸价(KOH)为22～25 mg/g时,碱炼脱酸保留酸价(KOH)取5 mg/g,原油酸价(KOH)为27～33 mg/g时,保留酸价(KOH)取6 mg/g,原油酸价(KOH)为35～37 mg/g时,保留酸价(KOH)取7 mg/g,谷维素留存率较高。米糠油碱炼脱酸的最佳工艺条件为温度25℃,时间22 min,碱液质量分数16. 91%,加碱量为理论碱量加0. 1%的超碱量;蒸馏脱酸的最佳工艺条件为温度225℃,时间86 min,真空度0. 098 MPa。在最佳工艺条件下,碱炼脱酸后谷维素含量为2. 05%,脱酸率为77. 78%,精炼率为80. 05%;蒸馏脱酸后谷维素含量由2. 05%升高到2. 16%,接近原油(2. 15%),脱酸率为90. 83%,精炼率为92. 42%。     

樱桃仁油的精炼工艺研究

对樱桃仁油的精炼方法和工艺条件进行了研究,采用水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、活性炭脱色和真空蒸汽脱臭的方法制得了精炼樱桃仁油。樱桃仁油精炼后,其酸价和磷脂含量显著降低,过氧化值有一定升高,精炼油澄清透明,有宜人的香味。     

Effects of Bleaching on the Properties of Roasted Sesame Oil

ABSTRACT: Improvement in quality of roasted sesame oil was studied. Roasted sesame oil was bleached at 70 °C, 85 °C, or 100 °C for 20 min with acid-activated clay at 0.5%, 1.0%, or 3.0% (w/w) and then centrifuging at 12096 × g at 4 °C for 10 min. The color of the roasted sesame oil became lighter and the viscosity of oil decreased by bleaching. Bleaching caused a significant increase in the smoke point of the oil, from 170 °C to a range of 183 °C to 191 °C. Bleaching increased palmitic acid and decreased linoleic acid contents of roasted sesame oil. Bleaching decreased free fatty acid (FFA) and conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) contents and carbonyl values (CV) of roasted sesame oil. The more the acid clay was used, the lower were the FFA and CDA contents and CV of the oil. Amount of acid clay in bleaching of roasted sesame oil had higher effects on the color, viscosity, smoke point, FFA and CDA contents, and CV of roasted sesame oil than the bleaching temperature. Bleaching did not show a significant effect on tocopherol contents of the sesame oil. Bleaching tended to decrease sesamolin contents and increase sesamol contents in the roasted sesame oil. As the amount of acid clay and the bleaching temperature increased, the contents of sesamin and sesamolin in the oil decreased while sesamol contents increased.     

菜籽油干法耦合精炼研究

采用活性白土、自制的脱胶白土及碱性白土对菜籽油进行干法同时脱色、脱胶、脱酸耦合精炼研究.结果表明:50.00 g毛油加热到70℃后,先加入2.0％活性白土脱色10 min,再加入2.0％脱胶白土,10 min后加入3.0％碱性白土,搅拌反应95 min后离心得到脱色率超过90％、磷含量小于5 mg/kg、酸值(KOH)小于0.2 mg/g的精炼菜籽油,达到传统精炼工艺的油品质量要求.该油脂精炼工艺过程及设备简单、生产效率高、无废水排放,具有良好的应用前景.     

Effect of refining on the lignan content and oxidative stability of oil pressed from roasted sesame seed

Oxidative stability of pressed and refined sesame oils during seven consecutive months of storage at room temperature was studied comparatively. Lignans, peroxide value (PV), p‐anisidine value (AV) and total oxidation value (TOTOX) were determined as evaluation indices. PV, AV and TOTOX of sunflower, corn and peanut oils were simultaneously monitored to compare their oxidative storage stabilities with the sesame oils. The total amount of lignans in the pressed and refined sesame oils were 1103 and 790 mg per 100 g respectively. The contents of sesamin and sesemolin in the pressed sesame oil were 734 and 369 mg per 100 g respectively. Sesamin and sesamolin content were reduced by 256 and 159 mg per 100 g, respectively, after refining. Nearly 40% of the sesamin epimerised to asarinin after oil refining. The results indicate that sesame oils pressed from roasted seed have far superior storage stability to oxidation than the other vegetable oils. This difference may be due to much higher sesamin and sesamolin contents in the pressed sesame oils. The results suggest lignan compositions and levels could be used as key indicators for evaluating the oxidative storage stability of sesame oil products as well as to differentiate between pressed and refined sesame oils.     

精炼工艺对玉米油微量成分变化的影响

以在超级脱胶结合白土预脱色-复脱色以及双塔脱臭脱酸工艺生产线上取样的玉米毛油、脱胶油、脱蜡油、脱色油、脱臭油为研究对象,对其游离脂肪酸、磷、金属离子、色素、生育酚含量及过氧化值进行测定,考察精炼工艺对玉米油微量成分变化的影响。结果表明:双塔脱臭脱酸工艺可以明显降低玉米油中游离脂肪酸含量;超级脱胶工艺可去除玉米油中约95%的磷脂;脱胶和脱色可明显降低金属离子含量;大部分色素在脱色工段被去除;经脱臭后,成品油中总生育酚损失19. 9%;脱胶使玉米油过氧化值升高,脱色和脱臭可使过氧化值明显降低。说明应根据玉米毛油品质选择合适的精炼工艺,以最大限度地保留有益微量成分,去除有害成分,做到适度精炼。     

水酶法芝麻油与其他工艺芝麻油品质差异研究

通过对芝麻油外观品质、理化特性、抗氧化成分及脂肪酸组成进行对比,研究了水酶法芝麻油与其他工艺芝麻油(热榨法芝麻油、冷榨法芝麻油、水代法芝麻油)的品质差异。结果表明:水酶法芝麻油的外观品质好,色泽浅,符合一级成品芝麻油标准;水酶法芝麻油的水分及挥发物的含量介于冷榨法芝麻油和水代法芝麻油之间,酸价、过氧化值、不皂化物含量最低;水酶法芝麻油的抗氧化成分(生育酚、芝麻素和芝麻林素)含量最高,但未检出芝麻酚;与热榨法芝麻油、冷榨法芝麻油、水代法芝麻油相比,水酶法芝麻油的饱和脂肪酸含量最高,不饱和脂肪酸含量最低。     

Optimization of the refining process of camellia seed oil for edible purposes

Processing conditions during degumming, alkaline refining, bleaching, and deodorization of crude camellia seed oil were optimized to obtain high-quality edible camellia oil. Physicochemical properties of camellia oil were monitored during refining steps. RBD (refined, bleached, and deodorized) camellia oil obtained using optimized refining conditions fully satisfied Korean quality standards for edible oil. The iodine value of camellia oil was 84.2 mg I₂/100 g of oil. Camellia oil contained an exceptionally high level of oleic acid (83.1%), along with minor quantities of other fatty acids (8.9% palmitic acid, 4.8% linoleic acid). The total saponin content in crude oil was 437 ppm, as determined by gravimetric analysis. Most (99.8%) of the saponin in crude oil was removed during the refining process. The physicochemical properties of camellia oil were similar to olive oil. RBD camellia oil is virtually colorless and bland tasting and is suitable for edible purposes.     

鱼粉加工副产物中鱼油的精炼及其脂肪酸组成分析

对鱼粉加工副产物中鱼油的精制进行研究,得到鱼粉加工副产物中鱼油精炼的最佳工艺：添加1%磷酸（体积分数60%）脱胶,3% NaOH（质量分数12%）溶液脱酸以及15%活性炭脱色,在85 ℃条件下减压蒸馏脱臭10 min。在精炼过程中,鱼油中饱和脂肪酸含量下降,其他脂肪酸含量变化较小。所制备鱼油的理化指标均达到精制鱼油一级要求,其中多不饱和脂肪酸总含量达到0.69 g/mL,二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸含量分别为0.229 g/mL和0.121 g/mL。     

芝麻油细辛素分离、纯化研究

以芝麻油为原料,经中压制备型液相色谱分离、纯化细辛素,采用NMR、MS方法对提纯物质进行结构鉴定,确认为细辛素。高效液相色谱法测定结果显示,细辛素经纯化后含量可达92.0%;该研究确立一种从芝麻油中分离、纯化细辛素方法。