紫外光固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的合成及其性能研究

以2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚丙二醇（PPG）和丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEA）为原料合成了聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂（PUA）,讨论了合成PUA的影响因素。用红外光谱进行了结构表征。初步测试了性能,所得胶粘剂具有良好的附着力、硬度等力学性能。     

聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯的前端自由基聚合

由甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚醚二元醇（N210、220）、丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯（HPA）制得端烯基聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯大分子;然后通过前端自由基聚合;制备了聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物。研究了引发剂浓度对前端速度和温度分布的影响。FTIR显示前端聚合产物与间歇聚合产物有相似的红外吸收;TGA分析表明;前端聚合产物具有更好的热稳定性。     

合成工艺对聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

聚氨酯弹性体（PUE）的合成工艺、组成对它的分子结构、规整性和微相分离程度产生直接的影响，进而影响其性能。本文用控制预聚体反应中单体的摩尔比、减压共沸蒸馏去除预聚体中游离甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、两步法加扩链剂EG的方法合成了聚醚（PPG）聚氨酯材料。结果表明：1．采用预聚体工艺并且分步加入乙二醇（EG）所制备的聚氨酯弹性体具有较好的力学性能，玻璃化温度向高温方向偏移了6℃；2．采用减压共沸蒸馏工艺制备的聚氨酯材料在低温区的tanδ峰消失。     

彩色聚氨酯皮革染料的制备与研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚丙二醇（PPG1000）、2,2－二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）、单硬脂酸甘油酯（GMS）、酸性红B等为主要原料,经自乳化法合成了一种彩色聚氨酯皮革染料,采用傅立叶红外吸收光谱分析证实了彩色聚氨酯染料的结构。研究发现聚氨酯染料和原染料相比,紫外－可见光谱图显示在200～250nm处的峰出现了38nm的红移;制备的聚氨酯染料乳液具有良好的冻融稳定性和高温稳定性,彩色聚氨酯膜具有较好的耐热性能和优异的耐干湿擦性能。     

聚氨酯对环氧树脂增韧性能研究

利用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和聚丙二醇(PPG)合成不同结构的端—NCO聚氨酯(PU)预聚体,然后由聚氨酯预聚体与环氧树脂进行接枝反应,制备聚氨酯改性环氧树脂。研究了聚氨酯预聚体结构和用量对改性环氧树脂力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,当聚醚多元醇选用PPG1000,且TDI∶PPG=2∶1时,制得的聚氨酯预聚体对环氧树脂的增韧效果最好,当ω(PU预聚体)=10%时,改性环氧树脂的应变和拉伸强度分别达到84. 7%和27. 1 MPa,是改性前的30. 47倍和3. 04倍。通过扫描电镜对聚氨酯的增韧机理进行了研究,发现改性前环氧树脂为脆性断裂,聚氨酯改性后的环氧树脂断裂时银纹明显增多,为韧性断裂。     

聚氨酯对环氧树脂增韧性能研究

利用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和聚丙二醇(PPG)合成不同结构的端—NCO聚氨酯(PU)预聚体,然后由聚氨酯预聚体与环氧树脂进行接枝反应,制备聚氨酯改性环氧树脂。研究了聚氨酯预聚体结构和用量对改性环氧树脂力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,当聚醚多元醇选用PPG1000,且TDI∶PPG=2∶1时,制得的聚氨酯预聚体对环氧树脂的增韧效果最好,当ω(PU预聚体)=10%时,改性环氧树脂的应变和拉伸强度分别达到84. 7%和27. 1 MPa,是改性前的30. 47倍和3. 04倍。通过扫描电镜对聚氨酯的增韧机理进行了研究,发现改性前环氧树脂为脆性断裂,聚氨酯改性后的环氧树脂断裂时银纹明显增多,为韧性断裂。     

水性聚氨酯的耐水性研究

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为主要合成原料,通过自乳化法合成水性聚氨酯。探讨了水性聚氨酯的配方及反应条件,并研究了环氧树脂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、有机硅树脂改性水性聚氨酯对其涂膜耐水性的影响。实验结果表明,通过环氧树脂改性的产品吸水率降至7.61%,耐水性较好。     

PU改性TDE-85/ MeTHPA环氧体系的显微形貌特征研究

本实验选用聚醚二元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）作为原料，合成了聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体。采用该预聚体扩链剂1，4-丁二醇（1，4-BDO）、交联剂三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）对TDE-85／甲基四氢苯酐（MeTHPA）环氧树脂体系行改性。利用扫描电镜分析，探讨了聚氨酯（PU）改性TDE-85／甲基四氢苯酐（MeTHPA）环氧树脂体系结构特征。结果表明，当合成PＵ预聚体的PPG相对分子质量不同时，改性环氧树脂体系的表面形貌随聚氨酯预聚体加入量的变趋势是相同的。当聚氨酯含量较小时，呈明显的“海岛”结构。随着聚氨酯加入量增多到一定量时，两网络互穿程度高，相分离程度不明显，具有互穿网络聚合物结构特征。随着聚氨酯含量的继续增多，相区尺寸明显增大，两相相容变差，相界面变得较清晰。     

新型环氧聚氨酯的合成与表征

聚氮酯是一类性能优异的高分子材料,利用聚氨酯对环氧树脂进行改性,可以形成各种性能优良的材料。本文以常见的甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）和环氧氯丙烷（EPH）为起始原料,首先通过阳离子开环聚合合成出中间产物（Ⅰ）聚环氧氯丙烷二醇（PECH）,然后用PECH封端TDI,制备出端基为氯醇基团的中间产物（Ⅱ）,最后在碱性条件下进行关环,合成出端基为环氧基团、分子中具有氨基甲酸酯结构的环氧封端聚氨酯-环氧氨酯（EPU）。中间产物和目标产物的结构经红外光谱法和端基滴定分析来确定。环氧氨酯作为增韧剂对环氧树脂的增韧改性将另行讨论。     

阴离子型水性聚氨酯乳液的合成研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为原料,制备了阴离子型水性聚氨酯乳液。探讨了温度、DMPA用量、异氰酸基团和羟基的物质的量比、PPG的相对分子质量对其乳液合成的影响,从而得出制备阴离子型水性聚氨酯乳液的较佳配方。     

硬段含量对聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲氢键化程度的影响

以PPG600,PPG2000,甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BD)为原料合成了聚氨酯(PU),通过改变PPG600,PPG2000配比调节产品硬段含量;以PPG2000,TDI和异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)为原料合成了聚氨酯脲(PUU),通过调节TDI与IPDA在体系中的比例调节产品硬段含量。利用FT-IR,DSC,旋转黏度计研究了硬段含量对聚醚型PU和PUU的微观结构及黏度的影响。结果表明,随硬段含量提高,PU和PUU的氢键化程度均提高,PU较多地形成不完善的氢键,而PUU倾向于形成完善有序的氢键结构。此外随硬段含量增大,PU和PUU的黏度增大,PU软段的玻璃化转变温度升高。     

水性聚丙烯酸酯的合成及性能研究

本研究首先以2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚丙二醇（PPG）、2,2-二羟甲基丁酸（DMBA）、三乙胺（TEA）、乙二胺（EDA）、2-丁炔-1,4-二醇（BDO）等为主要原料,采用自乳化法合成了性能较为优异的水性聚氨酯分散体（WPU）。本实验通过改变NCO/OH值、EDA含量、BDO含量、和筛选不同数均分子量的聚醚二醇合成了一系列水性聚氨酯乳液,随后考察了不同共聚组分对WPU胶膜耐水性的影响,并借助SEM,力学实验研究了不同共聚组分对乳胶粒形态和PU胶膜的力学性能的影响。     

Synthesis and characterization of elastomeric polyurethane/clay nanocomposites

An elastomeric polyurethane/clay (PU/clay) nanocomposite based on poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), glycerol propoxylate, and toluene‐diisocyanate (TDI) was synthesized by intercalative polymerization technology. The results of wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) studies showed that the gallery distance of the clay in the hybrid was enlarged from 1.9 to 4.5nm or more. Introducing clay in the PU matrix resulted in an increase in both the tensile strength and elongation at beak. When the clay content reached about 8%, the tensile strength and elongation at break were two times and five times respectively to that of the pure PU. In addition, the clay intercalative route to the nanocomposite synthesis also effected the thermal properties of the nanocomposites. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1444–1448, 2001     

Preparation and characterization of polyurea/polyurethane double‐shell microcapsules containing butyl stearate through interfacial polymerization

Double‐shell microcapsules containing butyl stearate were prepared through interfacial polymerization. The outer shell is polyurea formed through polymerization of toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) and diethylene triamine, and the inner shell is polyurethane (PU) formed through polymerization of TDI and polypropylene glycol 2000 (PPG2000). Styrene maleic anhydride copolymer was used as emulsifier. The effects of core to monomer ratio and dosage of PPG2000 on core content and encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules were investigated. The core content has a maximum at core to monomer ratio of 3–4, and the encapsulation efficiency has a maximum value of 95% at core to monomer ratio of 2. The prepared microcapsules were smooth and compact and have an obvious latent heat of 85 J/g. The shell structure of microcapsules was polyurea and PU. The average diameter of the microcapsules was 1–5 μm. The stabilities of the double‐shell microcapsule, such as anti‐ethanol wash and antiheat properties are obviously improved than those of single‐shell microcapsule. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Influence of polyurethane properties on mechanical performances of magnetorheological elastomers

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are mainly composed of magnetizable particles and elastic polymer. The polymer matrix plays an important role in mechanical performances of MREs. In this study, the polyurethane (PU), which is synthesized by using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and poly (propylene glycol) (PPG‐220), is selected as a matrix because it has better degradation stability than natural rubber and higher mechanical stability than silicone rubber. Four different MRE samples were fabricated by adjusting the reaction molar ratio of TDI to PPG to change the property of PU matrix. Structural characterization of the PU matrix was described by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The microstructures of samples were observed by using an environmental scanning electron microscope. The mechanical performances of samples, including shear modulus, magnetorheological effect (MR) effect, loss factor, and glass transition temperature (T_g), were characterized with dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results show that the shear modulus, the relative magnetic residual shear modulus and glass transition temperatures of samples increase with the increment of toluene diisocyanate, while the relative MR effects and loss factors decrease steadily. The experimental results indicate that optimal molar ratio (TDI : PPG) is 3 : 1. The field‐induced shear modulus of sample with molar ratio 3 : 1 is 4.9 MPa, and the relative MR effect is 121% under an external magnetic field of 800 mT at room temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

E-300扩链聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能研究

以多元醇(PEA，PPG，PTMG)，PDI，E-300为原料，制备了PU弹性体。研究了多元醇类型，NCO基含量，扩链剂用量和硫化时间等因素对PU弹性体力学性能的影响。结果表明：拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和冲击弹性最高的分别是PEA-PU，PPG-PU和PTMG-PU；PU的硬度、强度和模量随预聚体NCO基含量增加而增加；扩链剂的用量为90％时，PU的力学性能最佳。     

聚氨酯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯核壳乳液的制备研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)等为原料,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为活性稀释剂,合成阴离子聚氨酯乳液(WPU),并进一步在WPU乳液存在下进行MMA单体的乳液聚合,制得了聚氨酯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯核壳乳液(PUA)。通过透射电镜分析证明了核壳结构的存在,讨论了MMA、PPG、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)含量对乳液性能的影响。结果表明,MMA和PPG-400用量增加,并适量使用NMP溶剂,可有效改善WPU涂膜硬度及耐水性。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。