Constituents of Antrodia Cinnamomea

We describe identification of seven components from Antrodia cinnamomea. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and comparison with authentic samples. These compounds include two steroids (1, 2) (β-sitosterol and eburicol), two new steroids (3, 4) [methyl-4α-methylergost-8,24(28)-dien-3,7,11-trion-26-oate and methyl-4α-methylergost-8,24(28)-dien-3,11-dion-26-oate], two lignans (5, 6) [(+)-sesamin and 4-hydroxysesamin], and one long chain methyl ester (7) (methyl oleate). Among them, compounds 3 and 4 are first isolated from nature.     

Differentiating parts of Cinnamomum cassia using LC‐qTOF‐MS in conjunction with principal component analysis

Cinnamon bark (Rou Gui in Chinese), cinnamon twig (Gui Zhi) and shaved cinnamon bark (Gui Sin) have been widely used as spices and in traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. On‐going issues related to quality and authenticity necessitate the development of analytical methods capable of providing an objective evaluation of samples. In this study, chemical fingerprints of cinnamon bark, cinnamon twigs and shaved cinnamon bark were established using liquid chromatography quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). From 125 samples of cinnamon, we identified the following eight compounds and their the detection ratios: coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2‐hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 2‐hydroxycinnamic acid, 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde and 4‐methoxycinnamaldehyde. Of these, 4‐methoxycinnamaldehyde presented the largest variations in detection ratio, making up 64.0, 97.4 and 50.0% in cinnamon bark, cinnamon twig, and shaved cinnamon bark, respectively. The quantities of cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin and cinnamaldehyde also varied between the three parts of the plant. Chemical fingerprints of the three cinnamon samples were established using principal component analysis, the results of which indicate that cinnamon bark and shaved cinnamon bark could be easily differentiated, despite a marked similarity in outward appearance. Cinnamon twig was also shown to depart from the other clusters. The proposed method provides a fast and efficient means of identifying cinnamon herbs for quality control purposes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

川桂皮挥发油的化学组成

采用GC－MS技术分析了川桂（Cinnamomum wilsonii）皮挥发油的化学组成，共确定了其中42种化学成分与相对含量，占总组分相对含量的94．14％，其中有40种为萜类或其衍生物；研究结果显示，川桂皮油的主要成分为桉油素（11．02％），1（10），4－杜松二烯（10．21％），乙酸异龙脑酯（6．30％），杜松醇（5．53％），桉叶油醇（5．34％）等，与该植物叶和同属药用植物肉桂皮挥发油的主要组成均差别较大。     

小叶香樟新鲜树叶挥发性成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏和乙醚萃取收集小叶香樟新鲜树叶挥发油,经气质联用分析鉴定出49个化合物,占峰面积的95.9%,挥发油得率为1.73%。主要化合物的类型为单萜(86.4%)、倍半萜(10.0%)、芳香族(1.41%)和脂肪族(1.13%)。其中质量分数最高的为L-芳樟醇(45.9%),其次为樟脑(28.5%)和橙花叔醇(4.66%)。     

Cinnamomum tamala leaf extract-mediated green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles and their use in pyranopyrazles synthesis

A novel, biochemical, and eco-friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of Ag nanopar-ticles using an aqueous leaf extract of readily accessibleCinnamomum tamala as reducing and stabi-lizing agents. These Ag nanoparticles were used to catalyze the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles. The green nature and ease of recovery and reusability of the catalyst, together with high yields of prod-ucts, make this protocol attractive and useful.     

香桂叶油合成胡椒基丁醚

胡椒基丁醚 (ＰＢ)是一种可用于贮藏粮食的除虫菊酯类农药的杀虫增效剂[1 ] 。它通过抑制昆虫的多功能氧化酶 ,防止昆虫产生抗药性 ,从而增加杀虫效果。ＰＢ的市场需求量每年约 2 0 0 0吨左右。为了生产绿色农产品 ,用于农田害虫防治 ,单是国内每年就需要ＰＢ数万吨。国外用黄樟油催化加氢制成二氢黄樟油素 (ＤＨＳ) ,再氯甲基化生产氯甲基二氢黄樟油素 (ＣＭＤＨＳ) ,醚化生成ＰＢ。以黄樟树根为原料生产黄樟油严重破坏植被和资源 ,造成自然生态环境的恶化。以黄樟树根为原料生产的黄樟油已经面临全球性的资源枯竭。重庆嘉顿公司 (四川省日…     

肉桂中有机锗的分光光度法测定

本文对肉桂中有机锗进行了分光光度法研究，研究表明，肉桂中含有丰富的有机锗，本方法简便可靠，可获得满意的分析结果。     

Cinnacassides A-E, five geranylphenylacetate glycosides from Cinnamomum cassia

Cinnacassides A-E (1-5), five novel glycosides with a unique geranylphenylacetate carbon skeleton, were isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia. Each of the cinnacassides A-D (1-4) possesses one of the four stereoisomers in the aglycone. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical and chiroptical methods. A plausible biosynthetic route to 1-5 was also proposed.     

Rapid Extraction of Essential Oil from Dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl and Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl by Ionic Liquid Microwave Extraction

Ionic liquid (IL) was used as the microwave absorption medium to extract essential oils from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl and Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, and the ionic liquid microwave extraction (ILME) was developed. Some experimental parameters for ILME were examined. The proposed method was compared with other methods, including hydrodistillation (HD), microwave hydrodistillation (MHD), solvent‐free microwave extraction (SFME) and improved solvent‐free microwave extraction (ISFME). Experimental results showed that compared with other extraction methods the ILME had some advantages, such as time‐saving, simplicity and usage of green solvents. The extraction time was less than 18 min at the microwave power of 440 W and 1.5 mL of ionic liquid was required. The constituents of essential oils obtained by the five methods are not obviously different.     

香樟受酸胁迫影响的高光谱诊断模型

高光谱作为快速、无损诊断技术,在植物胁迫监测中发挥了重要作用。但是因为硫和氮的施肥作用,植物对酸雨的响应表现出比其他胁迫更加复杂的模式。基于高光谱技术对香樟受四个酸雨梯度(pH 5.6,pH 4.5,pH 3.0,pH 2.0)影响的叶片光谱进行了419天的监测,以探讨不同酸雨梯度对香樟影响的时间拐点。首先对16期原始光谱数据进行预处理,剔除异常值;然后基于光谱差值(对照组pH 5.6与其他酸雨梯度处理下的叶片光谱差)随着喷酸时间的变化,寻找典型波段;在此基础上构建了香樟在酸雨处理下的光谱响应模型。主要结论如下：反映香樟受酸雨影响的典型波段主要集中在470~520和565~700 nm,在此基础上构建了蓝边差值指数和黄边差值指数。低(pH 4.5)、中(pH 3.0)浓度的酸雨对香樟生长均呈现出先促进后抑制的作用,时间拐点分别发生在喷酸的第100天和50天左右;高浓度酸雨(pH 2.0)从喷酸初期就表现出抑制香樟生长,且随着喷酸时间的增加抑制作用增强。研究表明,长时间序列的高光谱信息可以指示不同强度的酸雨对植物的促进和胁迫作用,以及由促进到胁迫的时间拐点;该研究也为基于卫星遥感监测区域尺度植物受酸胁迫提供了借鉴,同时为相关部门制定酸雨政策提供了科学依据。