颜色指示法高通量筛选多相催化材料

介绍一种简单的组合化学技术, 用来筛选或优化多相催化反应中的催化剂. 在酯化反应中, 用甲基橙指示剂指示酯化反应的进程并对沸石的类型, 不同碳链的醇和酸的催化活性进行研究. 在光催化反应中, 选择甲基橙、罗丹明B作为反应物. 通过颜色变化, 对不同方法制备的TiO2进行高通量筛选.     

一种新的可控/活性自由基聚合方法——DPETTX调节苯乙烯自由基聚合研究

可控/活性自由基聚合(CLRP)自20世纪末以来获得了非常迅猛的发展,但由于已有方法的缺陷和局限,限制了其工业化规模应用.因此,开发可控、活性程度更高、更加简单实用且环境友好的CLRP新方法具有重要意义.本文制备了一种芳香环状硫醚化合物9-(1-苯乙基)-9-((1-苯乙基)硫基)-9H-硫杂蒽DPETTX,对其单独引发和与少量偶氮二异庚腈(ABVN)共同引发苯乙烯(St)聚合的行为进行了系统评价.结果表明,DPETTX可在高温(100℃)下单独引发St聚合,但引发效率较低;当其与少量ABVN共用时,可使St在低温下(55℃)聚合,聚苯乙烯(PS)的数均分子量(M_n)随转化率升高而不断增大,如摩尔比ABVN/DPETTX=0.05/1时,M_n从2.7万增长到4.6万.该基于DPETTX和少量ABVN的共引发体系,打开了一条开发新可控/活性自由基聚合体系的路径.     

Enhancing the thermoelectric performance through the mutual interaction between conjugated polyelectrolytes and single-walled carbon nanotubes

We present a method of constructing composites composed of conjugated polyelectrolytes(CPEs)and singlewalled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)to obtain a high-performing flexible thermoelectric generator.In this approach,three kinds of polymers,namely,poly[(1,4-(2,5-didodecyloxybenzene)-alt-2,5-thiophene](P1),poly[(1,4-(2,5-bis-sodium butoxysulfonate-phenylene)-alt-2,5-thiophene](P2),and poly[(1,4-(2,5-bis-acid butoxysulfonic-phenylene)-alt-2,5-thiophene](P3)are designed,synthesized and complexed with SWCNTs as thermoelectric composites.The electrical conductivities of the CPEs/SWCNTs(P2/SWCNTs,and P3/SWCNTs)nanocomposites are much higher than those of non-CPEs/SWCNTs(P1/SWCNTs)nanocomposites.Among them,the electrical conductivity of P2/SWCNTs with a ratio of 1:4 reaches 3686 S·cm^-1,which is 12.4 times that of P1/SWCNTs at the same SWCNT mass ratio.Moreover,CPEs/SWCNTs composites(P2/SWCNTs)display remarkably improved thermoelectric properties with the highest power factor(PF)of 163μW·m^-1·K^-1.In addition,a thermoelectric generator is fabricated with P2/SWCNTs composite films,and the output power and power density of this generator reach 1.37μW and 1.4 W·m;(cross-section)at△T=70 K.This result is over three times that of the thermoelectric generator composed of non-CPEs/SWCNTs composite films(P1/SWCNTs,0.37μW).The remarkably improved electrical conductivities and thermoelectric properties of the CPEs/SWCNTs composites(P2/SWCNTs)are attributed to the enhanced interaction.This method for constructing CPEs/SWCNTs composites can be applied to produce thermoelectric materials and devices.     

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)改性及纤维成形北大核心CSCD

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)是一种微生物发酵生产的热塑性聚合物。从物理、化学改性及其纤维成形两个方面综述了PHBV的研究进展。PHBV的物理改性主要有无机纳米粒子共混体系(PHBV/iNPs)、有机纳米晶共混体系(PHBV/oNPs)、高聚物共混体系(PHBV/Polymer)和绿色全降解共混体系;化学结构构筑主要包括接枝共聚改性、嵌段共聚改性、端基扩链改性等。从改性的手段及介质,分析了改性方法的优缺点。PHBV纤维的成形方法主要有熔融纺丝法、干法纺丝法及静电纺丝法。从PHBV纤维应用领域看,熔融纺纤维应用目标在于替代现有石油基相关产品,而静电纺纤维主要应用于开拓组织工程再生医学领域。最后,对PHBV今后的研究及发展提出了展望。     

Facile fabrication of highly flexible,porous PEDOT: PSS/SWCNTs films for thermoelectric applications

High-performance organic composite thermoelectric(TE)materials are considered as a promising alternative for harvesting heat energy.Herein,composite films of poly(3,4-ethyienedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)/single-walled carbon nanotubes(PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs)were fabricated by utilizing a convenient solution mixing method.Thereafter,the as-prepared hybrid films were treated using sulfuric acid(H₂SO₄)to further optimize the TE performance.Film morphological studies revealed that the sulfuric acid treated PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs composite samples all possessed porous structures.Due to the successful fabrication of highly conductive networks,the porous nano-architecture also exhibited much more excellent TE properties when compared with the dense structure of the pristine samples.For the post-treated sample,a high power factor of 156.43μW·m^-1·K^-2can be achieved by adjusting the content of CNTs,which is approximately 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the corresponding untreated samples(0.23μW·m^-1·K^-2).Besides,the obtained films also showed excellent mechanical flexibility,owing to the porous nanostructure and the strong p–p interactions between the two components.This work indicates that the H₂SO₄ treatment could be a promising strategy for fabricating highly-flexible and porous PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs films with high TE performances.     

结晶/无定形PMMA-b-PHBV-b-PMMA三嵌段共聚物的合成及热稳定性表征

以生物质聚酯聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)为结晶组分、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为无定形组分,通过原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)制备了ABA型结晶/无定形三嵌段共聚物.采用凝胶色谱法(GPC)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)表征了三嵌段共聚物的分子量及其分子量分布和化学结构;使用热失重分析仪(TG)测试了三嵌段共聚物的热稳定性,并通过Horowitz-Metzger法计算了嵌段共聚物的降解表观活化能.研究表明,三嵌段共聚物的最大转化产率为92.39%;当单体与大分子引发剂的比例为8∶1时,三嵌段共聚物的T0、T5%、T max温度分别提高25 K、15 K和40 K,三嵌段共聚物降解表观活化能E a可由纯PHBV的428.25 kJ·mol-1降低至169.83 kJ·mol-1.     

4-[4’-(二乙基氨基)苯乙烯基]-N-(4″-乙氧基苯基)-N-(4-氨基苯基)苯胺的合成

对硝基苯胺和对碘苯乙醚经取代反应制得4’-硝基-(4-乙氧基苯)苯胺(3);3与对氟苯甲醛经取代反应制得含乙氧基的脂溶性中间体4-[(4’-乙氧基苯基)(4″-硝基苯基)氨基]苯甲醛(5);5与4-N,N-二乙基胺基苄基三苯基鏻盐经Witting成烯反应后经Pd/C催化、水合肼还原合成了新化合物4-[4’-(二乙基氨基)苯乙烯基]-N-(4″-乙氧基苯基)-N-(4-氨基苯基)苯胺,其结构经1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征。     

铪掺杂对锆钛酸钡钙陶瓷电学性能的调控

用固相反应法制备了B位Hf掺杂的Ba_0.95Ca_0.05 Zr_0.05Ti_0.95-xHf_x (BCZ_0.05T_(0.95-x)-xH) (x=0、0.02、0.04、0.06和0.08)陶瓷。研究B位同时含有Hf、Zr、Ti三种元素时,BCZ_0.05T_(0.95-x)-xH陶瓷的相结构变化与电学性能的差异。XRD测试结果表明：Hf₄₊^融入晶格,造成晶格膨胀。BCZ_0.05T_(0.95-x)-xH(x=0、0.02)陶瓷的XRD测试结果表明,该体系中存在明显的四方相与正交相共存的多晶型相转变(PPT),但正交相逐渐转变为主晶相;BCZ_0.05T_(0.95-x)-xH (x=0.04、0.06)陶瓷的XRD结果表明,四方相进一步减少,三方相却逐渐增加;当x继续增大到0.08时,XRD测试发现该体系只存在正交相和三方相结构。SEM测试发现,随着Hf的掺杂量增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。剩余极化随Hf掺杂量的增加先增大再减小,在x为0.02时取得最大值,Hf掺杂显著降低矫顽场(Ec)。压电测试结果表明BCZ_0.05T_0.96-0.04H陶瓷具有最大压电系数(d₃₃=259 pC/N)。