基于人工神经网络在线学习方法优化磁屏蔽特性参数

磁屏蔽在磁场敏感的装置如原子钟、原子干涉仪等精密设备中发挥重要的作用,在变化外磁场下的某个磁屏蔽内部剩余磁场,可以通过Jiles-Atherton磁滞模型和磁屏蔽系数计算得出,根据计算结果可以进行主动补偿来抵消内部磁场的改变.然而实际应用中磁滞模型中五个与磁屏蔽相关的参数以及磁场衰减的两个参数的准确值的获得是比较困难的,通常根据实测磁滞回线人工匹配调节参数会花费大量时间且很难确保最终参数是全局最优值.基于人工神经网络的机器学习方法已经成为一种对复杂模型进行参数优化的有效手段,得益于现代计算机强大的运算能力,该过程通常远远快于人工参数调节,并有更大概率找到全局最优值,获得优于手工调节的参数值.本文利用人工神经网络在线机器学习的方法,对磁滞模型的五个参数与磁屏蔽的另外两个屏蔽相关参数进行优化测定,并对模拟卫星磁场环境下磁屏蔽内剩余磁场进行预测.通过实际测量屏蔽筒内剩余磁场与预测值比对,发现通过机器学习方法得到的磁屏蔽特性参数优于手动找到的参数,且所用时间大大缩短.该结果不仅有助于更好地进行磁场补偿,用于冷原子系统参数优化调整,更重要的是验证了神经网络在多参数物理系统中的应用,可以使其他多参数共同作用的物理实验进行最优参数的快速确定.     

可搬运铷喷泉原子钟量子化轴磁场的设计与优化

喷泉钟量子化轴磁场的空间均匀性和时间稳定性是制约原子钟输出频率稳定度和不确定度的重要因素.从外磁场屏蔽、磁场线圈设计、线圈电流源稳定性等方面考虑,构建并优化设计了一套可搬运铷喷泉原子钟量子化轴磁场系统.为了消除环境磁场对量子化轴磁场的影响,使用5层坡莫合金磁屏蔽进行外磁场的屏蔽;利用4组对称的补偿线圈,通过计算给予合适的电流,获得喷泉钟内部30 cm原子自由飞行尺度内磁场波动小于1 nT;通过改善C场供电电流方式,从而优化量子化轴磁场的时间稳定性,磁场随时间的波动小于0.1 nT.优化后喷泉钟长期频率稳定度达2.9×10-16,磁场空间分布不均匀性带来的二阶塞曼频移不确定度为3.4×10-19,由磁场随时间波动带来的二阶塞曼频移的不确定度为5.1×10-17.     

Optimization of temperature characteristics of a transportable ~(87)Rb atomic fountain clock

A high-performance transportable fountain clock is attractive for use in laboratories with high-precision time-frequency measurement requirements. This Letter reports the improvement of the stability of a transportable rubidium-87 fountain clock because of an optimization of temperature characteristics. This clock integrates its physical packaging, optical benches, microwave frequency synthesizers, and electronic controls onto an easily movable wheeled plate. Two optical benches with a high-vibration resistance are realized in this work. No additional adjustment is required after moving them several times. The Allan deviation of the fountain clock frequency was measured by comparing it with that of the hydrogen maser. The fountain clock got a short-term stability of 2.3 × 10~(-13) at 1 s and long-term stability on the order of 10~(-16) at 100,000 s.     

Loss of cold atoms due to collisions with residual gases in free flight in a magneto-optical trap

The loss rate of cold atoms in a trap due to residual gas collisions differs from that in a free state after the cold atoms are released from the trap. In this paper, the loss rate in a cold rubidium-87 atom cloud was measured in a magneto-optical trap(MOT) and during its free flight. The residual gas pressure was analyzed by a residual gas analyzer, and the pressure distribution in a vacuum chamber was numerically calculated by the angular coefficient method. The decay factor, which describes the decay behavior of cold atoms due to residual gas collisions during a free flight, was calculated. It was found that the decay factor agrees well with theoretical predictions under various vacuum conditions.     

Automatic compensation of magnetic field for a rubidium space cold atom clock

When the cold atom clock operates in microgravity around the near-earth orbit, its performance will be affected by the fluctuation of magnetic field. A strategy is proposed to suppress the fluctuation of magnetic field by additional coils, whose current is changed accordingly to compensate the magnetic fluctuation by the linear and incremental compensation. The flight model of the cold atom clock is tested in a simulated orbital magnetic environment and the magnetic field fluctuation in the Ramsey cavity is reduced from 17 nT to 2 nT, which implied the uncertainty due to the second order Zeeman shift is reduced to be less than 2×10~(-16). In addition, utilizing the compensation, the magnetic field in the trapping zone can be suppressed from 7.5 μT to less than 0.3 μT to meet the magnetic field requirement of polarization gradients cooling of atoms.