Progress in improving thermodynamics and kinetics of new hydrogen storage materials

Hydrogen storage material has been much developed recently because of its potential for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications. A successful solid-state reversible storage material should meet the requirements of high storage capacity, suitable thermodynamic properties, and fast adsorption and desorption kinetics. Complex hydrides, including boron hydride and alanate, ammonia borane, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), are remarkable hydrogen storage materials because of their advantages of high energy density and safety. This feature article focuses mainly on the thermodynamics and kinetics of these hydrogen storage materials in the past few years.     

新型储氢材料及其热力学与动力学问题

氢能作为一种理想的二次能源受到了国内外科研工作者的广泛关注,研制可以在室温和较低压力下方便、安全、高效地储存氢能的材料是氢能发展的瓶颈.到目前为止,固态储氢材料以能量密度高及安全性好等优势被认为极具应用前景,其中以轻质元素构成的氢化物(包括硼氢化物/铝氢化物(可用通式A(MH4)n表示,其中A是碱金属(Li,Na,K)或碱土金属(Be,Mg,Ca);M是硼或铝;n=1～4)、氨基氢化物(如LiNH2等))、氨硼烷(NH3BH3)、金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)是新型储氢材料研究领域的热点,本文将着重就目前这几类储氢材料的研究当中所涉及到的一些热力学及动力学问题进行总结探讨.     

Fe2O3与TiF3添加剂对LiBH4-MgH2复合氢化物体系的协同催化作用

通过球磨方法制备出2LiBH4-MgH2,2LiBH4-MgH2-10%Fe2O3,2LiBH4-MgH2-10%TiF3,2LiBH4-MgH2-5%Fe2O3-5%TiF3和2LiBH4-MgH2-10%Fe2O3-10%TiF35个复合氢化物体系,用热重(TG)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和压力-组成-温度仪(PCT)等对所制备体系进行表征.结果表明,Fe2O3和TiF3的掺杂均能够有效地改善2LiBH4-MgH2复合体系的放氢性能,尤其是两者共掺杂的2LiBH4-MgH2-10%Fe2O3-10%TiF3体系,初始放氢温度为110℃,总放氢量达到约9.6%.对2LiBH4-MgH2-5%Fe2O3-5%TiF3体系的PCT表征结果表明,在400℃时,10 min内放氢量达到了8.6%,放氢热力学和放氢动力学均优于单一相的掺杂,体现了两相掺杂的协同催化作用.