反相高效液相色谱法测定烤烟叶片发育过程中的类胡萝卜素类物质

建立了采用反相高效液相色谱测定烤烟叶片中类胡萝卜素的方法。烤烟叶片先用含0.1%丁基羟基甲苯（BHT）的90%丙酮水溶液萃取,然后加入0.1 g醋酸铅,于4 ℃下以10000 r/min离心5 min以去除蛋白质。色谱柱为 C18反相柱(3.9 mm i.d.×150 mm, 5 μm)。流动相:A,甲醇-异丙醇(体积比为1∶1）;B,超纯水。洗脱程序:0~10 min,70%A+30%B;10~17 min,100%A;17~30 min(90%A+10%B)。流速：0.5 mL/min。进样量:10 μL。检测波长:450 nm。该方法简化了样品的前处理过程,4种类胡萝卜素物质的加标回收率为91.77%~97.42%,相对标准偏差为 3.46%~0.98%。用该方法研究了烤烟发育过程中类胡萝卜素含量的变化规律,获得了与文献较为一致的结果。     

烤烟烟叶和烟梗的热裂解产物的研究

为了加深理解梗丝在卷烟叶组配方中的作用,对比研究了烤烟叶片和烟梗的化学组成以及它们在不同温度下的热裂解产物。一个改进后的热裂解装置被用来模拟卷烟的燃烧行为。采用热裂解仪研究了烤烟叶片和烟梗在大气环境中于300 ℃、600 ℃和900 ℃下的热裂解行为,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对它们的热裂解产物进行分析。结果表明,烤烟烟叶和烟梗的热裂解产物种类随着热裂解温度的增加而增多;在相同热裂解温度条件下,烟叶的热裂解产物种类明显多于烟梗的热裂解产物。     

微波辐射辅助快速检测微量亚硝胺的研究

分析了分光光度法对于溶液中亚硝胺回收率过低的原因,发现去亚硝基化反应 产物NOBr在吹离溶液过程中分解成为光度法无法检测的NO_x（x < 2）鉴于此,在 装置中增加一个CrO_3氧化管,将生成的NO_x（x < 2）转化成可被显色检测的 NO_2,使亚硝胺回收率高于90%,接近公认标准方法－热能分析仪（TEA）法的类似 指标（76% ～ 96%）;而检测限可达2 * 10~(-8) mol/L。发现微波辐射能使亚硝 胺在低于其沸点的温度下挥发和/或分解,并将其用于倩光度法检测,可以在3 min之内将样品中的亚硝胺收集以供测定,形成快速同时检测环境样品（如烟草） 中微量亚硝胺和氮氧化物的新方法。     

样品年份、化学值分布参数对近红外检测结果的影响

以云南优质烤烟为实验材料,在国产光栅漫反射型近红外仪器上,比较研究了不同年份样品建模、不同化学值分布建模对近红外检测结果的影响。结果表明：总糖、尼古丁组分模型偏差受年份影响较大,总氮组分模型偏差与样品年份关系不明显。烤烟组分的不同化学值分布建模结果表明：用化学值按自然正态分布的样品建立模型的结果优于按均匀分布建模的结果。该研究对从大量天然产物样品中挑选代表性样品时所采用的挑选方法和原则具有指导性的参考价值。     

Chemisorption tobacco mosaic virus removal from aqueous solutions and study of virus interaction with active chemisorbent surface by infrared spectroscopy

The interaction of the tobacco mosaic virus with the active surface of an iron-containing adsorbent obtained from lignin by the plasma-catalytic method was studied by IR spectroscopy. The results revealed decomposition of the virus into protein molecules and RNA reacting with the lignin surface via oxygen atoms during the binding of the virus to the sorbent surface. It was assumed that oxygen carboxylate groups interrelate with nanosized iron clusters incorporated into the adsorbent surface structure.     

Determination of thiocyanate as a biomarker of tobacco smoke constituents in selected biological materials of human origin

In order to protect human health, it is necessary to biomonitor toxic substances originating from tobacco smoke in biological materials sampled from persons with different exposures to tobacco smoke constituents. Thiocyanate anion is a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke components which is characterized by a relatively long half‐life in the human body, i.e. 6 days. In this work, we present the results of thiocyanate determinations performed on samples of placenta, meconium, saliva, breast milk, sweat and blood. The placenta samples were subjected to accelerated solvent extraction with water. The thiocyanate concentrations were determined using ion chromatography. The analyzed biological materials were compared with regard to their applicability for biomonitoring toxic substances originating from tobacco smoke. The highest mean concentrations of thiocyanate were observed in the samples of biological materials collected from active smokers.     

Development of a simple and fast ultrasound-assisted extraction method for trace element determination in tobacco samples using ICP-MS

The current study describes a simple and fast method for the determination of Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb in tobacco samples. Commercial cigarettes obtained from local market stores were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after ultrasound-assisted extraction in acidic medium, and the results were compared to those obtained following microwave-assisted digestion of the samples. The sonication time was evaluated from 0 to 60 min, and a 30 min extraction time was selected. The concentration of HNO₃ was also optimised at 0.7 mol L^?1. In order to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, a certified reference material was submitted to the same extraction protocol adopted for the samples, and good agreement with the certified values was obtained at a 95% confidence level, except for Co. The extraction of Pb was also semi-quantitative. A total of four tobacco samples were analysed, with concentrations ranging from 0.4 for Cr to 214.6 µg g^?1 for Mn. The proposed method was demonstrated to be fast, sensitive, precise and accurate for the determination of Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn an Ni and for the semi-quantitative analysis of Co and Pb in tobacco samples.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定烟草中的1-丙醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、丙二醇与丙三醇

将烟草样品粉碎至40目,以1,4-丁二醇为内标,甲醇为萃取溶剂,超声萃取60 min后,以气相色谱-质谱/选择离子监测(GC-MS/SIM)法测定1-丙醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、丙二醇和丙三醇的含量。结果表明:目标化合物在1~100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为0.05~0.48μg/mL,回收率为90.2%~103.7%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.9%~3.0%。方法的前处理简单、灵敏度高、定性定量准确,适用于烟草中多元醇的定性定量分析。     

偏最小二乘近红外光谱模型中潜变量个数对模型传递性能的影响

以玉米中水分、蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉4种主要成分含量以及烟叶总植物碱的偏最小二乘近红外光谱(PLS-NIRs)模型传递为例,考察了模型中潜变量个数(nLVs)对模型传递误差的影响。研究发现,根据累积贡献率大于99.9%确定的玉米、烟叶样品PLS-NIRs模型的nLVs分别为1和13,nLVs=1时建立的玉米模型对两台从机样品4个成分的预测值和主机预测值的重现性指标均满足国标要求;nLVs=13时建立的烟叶总植物碱模型经分段直接校正(PDS)后,可使4台从机样品的平均相对预测误差(MRE)小于6%。采用留一交叉验证或四折交叉验证确定的玉米、烟叶PLS-NIRs模型的nLVs分别为5～10,16与19,在这些nLVs下建立的玉米PLS-NIRs模型对从机样品的预测误差显著增大,超过许可的误差范围,且模型即使经PDS校正后,从机样品预测值与主机样品预测值的重现性指标大多不满足国标要求;nLVs13时所建烟叶总植物碱PLS-NIRs模型的转移误差随nLVs增大而增大,且PDS校正后不能保证模型对所有从机样品的MRE小于6%。根据累积贡献率大于99.9%或接近99.9%为准则选取nLVs,可有效避免过拟合,提高NIRs模型的传递性能。     

Carbonyl Compounds Containing Formaldehyde Produced from the Heated Mouthpiece of Tobacco Sticks for Heated Tobacco Products

Diverse harmful compounds can be emitted during the heating of tobacco sticks for heated tobacco products (HTPs). In this study, the generation of harmful compounds from the filter, instead of tobacco in tobacco sticks, was confirmed. The heat of a heated tobacco product device can be transferred to the tobacco stick filter, resulting in the generation of harmful compounds from the heated filter. Since the heating materials (tobacco consumable) of the tobacco sticks evaluated in this study were different depending on the brand, the harmful compounds emitted from the heated tobacco stick filters were examined by focusing on the carbonyl compounds, using three different tobacco stick parts. Acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde exhibited the highest concentrations in HTP aerosols produced by heating the tobacco consumable (conventional case) (63.5 ± 18.4 µg/stick and 1.71 ± 0.123 µg/stick, respectively). The aerosols produced by heating tobacco stick filters had higher formaldehyde and acrolein concentrations (0.945 ± 0.214 µg/stick and 0.519 ± 0.379 µg/stick) than the aerosols generated from heated tobacco consumable (0.641 ± 0.092 µg/stick and 0.220 ± 0.102 µg/stick). As such, formaldehyde and acrolein were produced by heating small parts of the mouthpiece of a tobacco stick, regardless of the heated tobacco product brand. In addition, acetone was only detected in the aerosols generated from heated filters (0.580 ± 0.305 µg/stick). Thus, safety evaluations of heated tobacco products should include considerations of the harmful compounds generated by heating tobacco stick mouthpieces for heated tobacco products in addition to those found in heated tobacco product aerosols.