Low-Temperature Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Properties of Octahydrated Barium Dihydroxide,Ba（OH）2·8H2O（s）

Low-temperature heat capacities of octahydrated barium dihydroxide, Ba（OH）2·8H2O（s）, were measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from T=78 to 370 K. An obvious endothermic process took place in the temperature range of 345-356 K. The peak in the heat capacity curve was correspondent to the sum of both the fusion and the first thermal decomposition or dehydration. The experimental molar heat capacifies in the temperature ranges of 78-345 K and 356-369 K were fitted to two polynomials. The peak temperature, molar enthalpy and entropy of the phase change have been determined to be （355.007±0.076） K, （73.506±0.011） kJ·ol^-1 and （207.140±0.074） J·K^-1·mol^-1, respectively, by three series of repeated heat capacity measurements in the temperature region of 298-370 K. The thermodynamic functions, （Hr-H298.15 k ）and （Sr-S298.15k）, of the compound have been calculated by the numerical integral of the two heat-eapacity polynomials. In addition, DSC and TG-DTG techniques were used for the further study of thermal behavior of the compound. The latent heat of the phase change became into a value larger than that of the normal compound because the melfing process of the compound must be accompanied by the thermal decomposition or dehydration of 71-120.     

高效热管传热工质的热力学研究

用精密绝热量热法测量了高效热管传热工质在78～320 K温区内的热容.结果表明，在78.41～245.19 K， Cp/(J•K－1•g－1)=0.5369T＋0.07279.在274.08～318.51 K， Cp/(J•K－1•g－1)=3.403±0.020.在245～274 K， 高效热管传热工质发生固液相变.其相变温度、相变焓和相变熵分别是271.21 K、353.6 J•g－1，和1.304 J•K－1•g－1.根据热容与温度的定量关系和热力学函数之间的关系，得到了以标准温度298.15 K为基准的高效热管传热工质的热力学函数.     

氯化钐与甘氨酸配合物Sm(Gly)2Cl3·3H2O热化学研究

A complex of samarium with glymine， [Sm(Gly)₂Cl₃·3H₂O]， was synthesized and characterized by DSC， TG and DTG. A possible mechanism of thermal decomposition of this complex was suggested. The heat capacities of the complex were measured by a precision adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 82 to 375 K. The solution enthalpies of reactants [SmCl₃·6H₂O+2Gly] and the products [Sm(Gly)₂Cl₃·3H₂O+3H₂O] were determined by an isoperibel solution- reaction calorimeter at 298.15 K， respectively; the standard molar enthalpy of formation of [Sm(Gly)₂Cl₃·3H₂O] was calculated through a designed thermochemical cycle.     

Heat Storage Performance of Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dodecahydrate： Prevention of Phase Separation by Thickening and Gelling Methods

Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate （Na2HPO4·12H2O） is an attractive candidate for phase change materials. The main problem for its practical use comes from incongruent melting character during thermal cycling. Experimentally, heat of fusion of the pure salt decreased from 200 to 25 jog 1 in a four-run freeze-thaw cycling. Additives such as thickening agent or in-situ synthesized polyacrylate sodium in the molten salt can prevent its phase separation to some extent. In the test, sodium alginate 3.0%-5.0% （w/w） thickened mixture containing Na2HPOn·12H2O and some water showed constant heat storage capacities. Polyacrylate sodium gelled salt was synthesized through polymerizing sodium acrylate in the melt of Na2HPOn·12H2O and some extra water at 50 ℃. Optimum conditions composed of sodium acrylate 3.0%-5.0% （w/w）, cross-linking agent N,N-methylenebis-acrylamide 0.10%-0.20% （w/w）, K2S208 and Na2SO3 （mass ratio 1 ; 1） 0.06%-0.12% （w/w）. As opposed to normal large crystals of pure Na2HPOn·12H2O in solid state, the gelled salt existed in a large number of tiny particles dispersed in the gel network at room temperature, commonly less than 2 mm. But only those sample particles with sizes less than 0.2 mm may have relatively stable thermal storage property. A problem encountered was the poor reproducibility of the synthesis method： heat storage capacity of the product was often very different even though the synthesis was carried out in the same conditions. An alternative gelling method by sodium alginate grafted sodium acrylate was tried and it showed a fairly good effect. Heat capacities and heat of fusion of Na2HPO4·12H2O were measured by an adiabatic calorimeter.     

右旋布洛芬的低温热容

在80～370 K温度范围内, 用精密自动绝热量热计准确测量了右旋布洛芬的摩尔热容.其固态右旋布洛芬测量值对折和温度X[X=f(T)]的拟和方程为:Cp,m(S)=－39.483X4－66.649X3＋95.196X2＋210.84X＋172.98;相应的液态的拟和方程为 :Cp,m(L)=7.191X3＋4.2774X2＋56.365X＋498.5.并计算得到右旋布洛芬相对于室温(298.15 K)的摩尔焓和摩尔熵.右旋布洛芬的熔点为(324.15±0.02) K.基于摩尔热容的测量,还可获得右旋布洛芬的纯度为99.44％.并对右旋布洛芬和消旋布洛芬的热容进行了对比研究.     

Low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of rare-earth triisothiocyanate hydrates (Ⅲ)——Sm(NCS)_3·6H_2O,Gd(NCS)_3·6H_2O,Yb(NCS)_3·6H_2O and Y(NCS)_3·6H_2O

The heat capacities of four RE isothiocyanate hydrates,Sm( NCS)3 6H2O,Gd( NCS)3 6H2O,Yb(NCS)3 6H2O and Y( NCS)3 6H2O,have been measured from 13 to 300 K with a fully-automated adiabatic calorimeter No obvious thermal anomaly was observed for the above-mentioned compounds in the experimental tem-peiatnre ranges.The polynomial equations for calculating the heat capacities of the four compounds in the range of 13-300K were obtained by the least-squares fitting based on the experimental Cp data.The Cp values below 13 K were estimated by using the Debye-Einstem heat capacity functions.The standard molar thermodynamic functions were calculated from 0 to 300 K.Gibbs energies of formation were also calculated.     

苏糖酸钾的低温热溶及标准摩尔生成焓测定

以苏糖酸与碳酸氢钾反应制得苏糖酸钾K(C₄H₇O₅)·H₂O，通过红外光谱、热重、化学分析及元素分析等对其进行了表征。用精密自动绝热热量计测量了该化合物在78K-395K温区的摩尔热容。实验结果表明，该化合物存在明显的脱水转变，其脱水浓度、摩尔脱水焓以及摩尔脱水熵分别为：(380.524 ± 0.093) K，(19.655 ± 0.012) kJ/mol 和 (51.618 ± 0.051) J/（K·mol）。将78K-362K和382K-395K两个温区的实验热容值用最小二乘法拟合，得到了两个表示热容随温度变化的多项式方程。以RBC-II型恒容转动弹热量计测定目标化合物的恒容燃烧能为(-1749.71 ± 0.91) kJ/mol，计算得到其标准摩尔生成焓为(-1292.56 ± 1.06) kJ/mol。     

4,6-二甲基-N-苯基-2-嘧啶胺的低温热容和热力学性质

通过小样品精密自动绝热量热计测定了合成并提纯的 4,6 二甲基 N 苯基 2 嘧啶胺 (嘧霉胺 )在 78～ 3 91K温区的摩尔热容 .量热实验发现 ,该化合物在 3 63～ 3 72K温区 ,有一固 -液熔化相变过程 ,经三次重复测量 ,得其熔化温度、摩尔熔化焓及摩尔熔化熵分别为 :( 3 70 78± 0 0 8)K ,( 2 1 2 3 3± 0 0 13 )kJ·mol-1 和 ( 5 7 2 7± 0 15 )J·mol-1 ·K-1 .通过分步熔化法得到该物质绝对纯样品的熔点为 3 71 0 3 1K .用差示扫描量热 (DSC)技术对该物质的固 -液熔化过程作了进一步研究 ,结果与绝热量热法一致     

阿司匹林的热解机理及热动力学研究

在用热重法研究了阿司匹林的热稳定性实验的基础上,通过量子化学方法(ab initio DFT)计算了阿司匹林分子的键级,据此计算结果提出了阿司匹林的热解机理,按此机理得到的理论计算值与实验结果一致;运用Freeman-Carroll、Kissinger和Ozawa三种方法分别计算了阿司匹林的热解动力学参数:活化能(E)、反应级数(n)和指前因子(A),其热解动力学方程为: dα/dt=4.74×1011[exp(－(100.34±5.18)×103/RT)](1－α)2.8±0.3;用差示扫描量热法测定的该物质的熔点、摩尔熔化焓和摩尔熔化熵分别为(409.19 ± 0.22) K、(29.17 ± 0.41) kJ•mol-1和(71.09±1.06) J•mol-1•K-1.     

稀土元素异硫氰酸盐水合物,RE(NCS)_3·nH_2O的低温热容和热力学性质的研究——Ⅰ.La(NCS)_3·7H_2O和Ce(NCS)_3·7H_2O

本文用全自动绝热量热计从13到300K测定了两种稀土元素异硫氰酸盐七水合物,La(NCS)_3·7H_2O和Ce(NCS)_3·7H_2O的热容。较详细描述了量热计结构和操作。在实验温区对两种化合物均未观察到明显的热异常现象。根据实验热容数据,用最小二乘拟合方法得到了计算这两种化合物13—300K热容值的多项式方程。13K以下的热容值用Debye和Einstein热容函数进行了估算。计算出了O—300K的标准热力学函数,标准生成Gibbs能也被计算出来。