卡马西平联用尼美舒利相关粒细胞缺乏症

1例78岁男性患者因带状疱疹神经痛、慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并感染,给予头孢唑肟钠（2.25 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、卡马西平（0.2 g口服,2次/d）、尼美舒利（100 mg口服,2次/d）、二羟丙茶碱（0.5 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、甲钴胺（0.5 mg口服,3次/d）、地塞米松（5 mg,静脉滴注1次）、盐酸哌替啶（25 mg,肌内注射1次）和盐酸布桂嗪（100 mg,肌内注射3次）等药物治疗。第7天,停用头孢唑肟钠,改为磷霉素钠（8 g静脉滴注,1次/d）。第11天,血常规检查示白细胞计数1.6×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.03,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.9×10^9/L。立即停用所有药物,给予对症支持治疗。第15天,外周血白细胞计数0.9×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.02,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.7×10^9/L。行骨髓穿刺检查,诊断为粒细胞缺乏症。第17天患者出现右肺气胸、肺不张。第20天出现急性呼吸衰竭、多脏器衰竭合并重症感染,经抢救无效死亡。     

颅脑损伤患者并发肺部感染的护理体会

目的：为了使并发肺部感染的病人更多、更好、更早的痊愈。方法：通过对32例颅脑外伤并发肺部感染病人的严密观察,采取更换体位、超声雾化、有效排痰训练等有效的护理措施干预,从而控制了肺部感染。结果：痊愈17例,占53.1%;显效12例,占37.5%,无效2例,占6.2%;死亡1例,占3.1%;实践证明,有效的护理干预对提高患者治疗成功率有着重要意义。     

Satisfaction with information and its relationship with adherence in patients with chronic pain

□ Due to the nature of chronic pain it would be expected that patients are highly adherent to their pain medication. However, results from this study have shown that 23 per cent of patients often or always avoid using their pain medication, 13.4 per cent often or always alter dosages, and 10.3 per cent often or always stop taking their medication for a while. This suggests intentional non‐adherence to pain medication □ Less than 50 per cent of respondents were satisfied with information provided on side effects, what to do if side effects occur, and possible interactions with other medication □ Patients' satisfaction with information about their medication was related to self‐reported adherence; greater satisfaction was associated with higher self‐reported adherence     

Genomic profiling associated with recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation

PURPOSE: Stage II and III adenocarcinoma of the rectum has an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%, and tumor recurrence remains a major problem despite an improvement in local control through chemotherapy and radiation. The efficacy of chemoradiation therapy may be significantly compromised as a result of interindividual variations in clinical response and host toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to identify those patients who will benefit from chemoradiation therapy and those who will develop recurrent disease. In this study, we tested whether a specific pattern of 21 polymorphisms in 18 genes involved in the critical pathways of cancer progression (i.e., drug metabolism, tumor microenvironment, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair) will predict the risk of tumor recurrence in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 90 patients with Stage II or III rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques for 21 polymorphisms. RESULTS: A polymorphism in interleukin (IL)-8 was individually associated with risk of recurrence. Classification and regression tree analysis of all polymorphisms and clinical variables developed a risk tree including the following variables: node status, IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. CONCLUSION: Genomic profiling may help to identify patients who are at high risk for developing tumor recurrence, and those who are more likely to benefit from chemoradiation therapy. A larger prospective study is needed to validate these preliminary data using germline polymorphisms on tumor recurrences in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation.     

甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病62例

目的用甘草酸单铵结合低能量氦-氖激光,观察治疗银屑病患者。方法62例寻常型银屑病患者,分为两组,A组用低能量氦-氖激光血管内照射,同时用甘草酸单铵静脉滴注,共36例;B组仅用甘草酸单铵,共26例。通过30d治疗。结果总有效率82.2%,其中A组有效率88.9%,B组73.1%(经Ridit检验,U＝2.76,P＜0.01),两组差异有极显著性意义。结论甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病,比单用甘草酸单铵效果好。     

A fetus with meckel-gruber syndrome associated with isomerism

Abstract. Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive lethal malformation. As far as we know, the rate of incidence for the syndrome is 0.02 per 10,000 births. It is estimated that Meckel-Gruber syndrome accounts for 5% of all neural tube defects in Finland. Objective. The aim of this study is to present a case of a fetus with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism. Method. The fetus was obtained after medical interruption of the pregnancy during the fifteenth gestational week. The mother was 36 years old and in a consanguineous marriage. The antenatal ultrasound examination revealed a polymalformative syndrome, leading to a postmortem examination. The fetopathological study of the fetus was conducted at the Centre for Maternity and Neonatology, Tunis, Tunisia, in 2008. Results. The female fetus had a significantly deformed ballooning abdomen, pes equinovarus, flexion of the wrist and a total posterior cleft palate. The central nervous system abnormalities were occipital encephalocele, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, agenesis of corpus callosum and hydrocephalus. The study of the internal organs found dextrocardia, irregular lobulation of the lungs, left isomerism, and polysplenia. The microscopic examination revealed bilateral cystic dilation of the kidneys, fibrous proliferation of the liver and ectasic dilatation of the billiary ducts, representing a ductal plate malformation of the liver. Conclusion. The case is diagnosed with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism, cleft palate and possibly Dandy-Walker syndrome.     

日舒安洗剂治疗皮肤病353例

目的：观察日舒安洗剂对湿疹、皮炎等皮肤病的疗效及对皮肤常见致病菌的抑菌效果。方法：针日舒安洗剂按：１０用温开水稀释后清洗或坐浴,ｂｉｄ,５￣１０ｍｉｎ／次,７￣１０ｄ为１个疗程。结果：有效率８３．３％,并对白色念珠菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,红色毛癣菌,淋球菌作体外抗菌试验,均有不同程度的抑菌作用,治疗中未见过敏或刺激现象。结论：在同类产品中,日舒安价格低廉,值得推广应用。     

类风湿关节炎合并肺间质纤维化的临床特征研究

目的 对类风湿关节炎合并肺间质纤维化患者的临床特征进行分析,为今后的临床诊治工作提供可靠的参考依据.方法 选取2010年1月-2013年3月我院收治的类风湿性关节炎患者102例,按照是否合并肺间质纤维化分成合并组和单纯组,而后对这两组的临床观察指标进行对比分析.结果 合并组患者的男性所占比例、吸烟者比例、患者年龄、发病年龄、抗环瓜氨酸抗体、类风湿因子、C反应蛋白水平以及骨破坏发生率均较单纯组高.结论 类风湿关节炎患者合并肺间质纤维化可能与诸多临床指标均存在较大的相关性,临床应给予关注,采取有效措施进行预防和治疗.     

Therapy with macrolides in patients with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis affects 1/2500 individuals and is the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease in people of northern European descent. It is characterized by chronic infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa and progressive deterioration of respiratory function. Much research has focused on the inflammatory component of the disease. Macrolide antibiotics are postulated to suppress inflammatory mediators and interfere with biofilm formation produced by P. aeruginosa. In vitro studies show promising results, and a limited number of human studies reported improvements in respiratory function with the drugs. Macrolide antibiotics are generally safe and well tolerated and may prove to be effective in patients with cystic fibrosis.     

Treatment with Ziprasidone for schizophrenia patients with OCD

Comorbidity of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been observed in about 15% of schizophrenic patients and has been associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, there is a need for specific treatment options for these patients (schizo-obsessive, ScOCD).This is an open, prospective study, aiming to test the efficacy of Ziprasidone (80–200 mg/d) in ScOCD patients and comparing the response to the treatment between stable schizophrenic (N=16) and stable ScOCD (N=29) patients.Treatment effect with Ziprasidone was different in schizophrenic patients when stratified based on OCD comorbidity. Overall, the effect on OCD symptoms (as measured by the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, YBOCS) was found to be bimodal—either no response or exacerbation (for 45% of the patients, n=13) or significant improvement of symptoms (55%, n=16). Those who improved in OCD symptoms, improved also in negative and general schizophrenia symptoms, while ScOCD-unimproved group worsened in all symptoms. Whereas schizophrenic patients without OCD responded in a modest Gaussian distribution, they improved in schizophrenia negative symptoms and in general anxiety.This data suggests that schizo-obsessive disorder is a distinct and complex condition with more than one underlying pathogenesis. Definition of these ScOCD subgroups defined by their response to Ziprasidone might contribute to personalized medicine within the OCD–schizophrenia spectrum. Moreover, this finding suggests that ScOCD may be considered as a special schizophrenic subtype and its inclusion in schizophrenia treatment studies need to be further explored due to its divergent response.     

肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者机械通气治疗的护理

目的对机械通气治疗肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者的护理方法和效果进行分析和研究,探讨其优势和不足,总结经验,以更好的指导临床护理的进行。方法随机选择我院近3年采用机械通气治疗的70名肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者,有针对性的对患者进行密切的护理,观察病情和护理效果,并加以总结。结果对机械通气治疗肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者进行适当护理后,患者得到较好恢复,病情有所缓解,成功脱离呼吸机,同时有效减少其他并发症状的出现,具有较好的护理效果。结论适当的护理,能够使采用机械通气治疗的肺结核合并呼吸衰竭患者较快恢复,摆脱呼吸器帮助,病情得到有效缓解,有效率较高,同时,能有效减少并发症发生率,具有较高的临床使用价值和推广价值。     

喜炎平注射液联合更昔洛韦治疗儿童巨细胞病毒肺炎疗效观察

目的:探讨喜炎平注射液联合更昔洛韦(GCV) 治疗小儿巨细胞病毒(CMV)肺炎的方法及效果。方法:选取我院2010年3月至2016年5月住院确诊的CMV肺炎患儿47例,随机分为观察组24例和对照组23例。对照组在常规治疗基础上加用GCV抗病毒治疗:诱导期每次5 mg/kg,每12 h一次静脉滴注,每次滴注时间>1 h,连用2周;维持期每次10 mg/kg,隔日一次,总疗程4周。观察组在常规治疗基础上加用喜炎平联合GCV治疗,GCV用法用量疗程同对照组,喜炎平注射液5 mg/(kg·d)静脉滴注,每天1次,疗程2周。观察两组患儿临床疗效及预后。结果:(1) 观察组在退热时间、住院时间短于对照组(P均<0.01)。治疗2周后,观察组肺部啰音及影像学改变阳性率低于对照组,血氧分压、二氧化碳分压的改善程度均优于对照组(P均<0.05);(2)治疗2周后两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组显效率高于对照组(62.5% vs 30.4%,P<0.05);(3)两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小儿CMV肺炎在常规综合治疗、GCV抗病毒治疗同时,联合喜炎平注射液,可提高显效率、缩短疗程、改善预后,且具有较高安全性。     

葛根素联合正念禅修对高血压伴焦虑抑郁患者的疗效观察

目的:研究葛根素联合正念禅修对高血压伴焦虑抑郁患者的疗效观察。方法:选取某院治疗的80例高血压伴有焦虑抑郁的患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和实验组,每组40例。对照组给予常规的心理护理和传统的药物进行治疗,实验组在常规的护理的基础上给予葛根素和正念禅修进行治疗,治疗4周后采用SDS和SAS自评表比较两组患者抑郁和焦虑的改善情况。结果:实验组的临床总有效率远大于对照组,且焦虑症状评分优于对照组,差异显著(P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论:葛根素联合正念禅修对伴有焦虑和抑郁症的高血压患者具有很好的治疗作用,对抑郁和焦虑等临床症状有显著的缓解作用,不良反应少。     

铜离子多极治疗内痔出血537例的体会

目的总结与探讨内痔出血的治疗方法。方法观察Ⅰ～Ⅲ度内痔出血患者共计537例,进行铜离子多极治疗,采用一次性治疗,术后观察1个月,随访半年。结果铜离子治疗后1个月内所有患者均不再便血。结论铜离子多极治疗对痔出血有止血迅速,缩短治疗时间的优势。