微脉冲电子枪动力学实验研究

微脉冲电子枪是一种利用次级电子倍增效应产生强流电子束的微波电子枪.使用氧化镁作为阴极材料进行了微脉冲电子枪的高功率热测实验, 给出了不同射频功率下的发射电流波形, 并观察到了高阶次级电子倍增效应.实验结果与稳态和瞬态粒子动力学以及模拟计算结果定性符合.     

铁电阴极电子枪的初步实验研究

 设计加工了铁电阴极电子枪,给出了模拟计算及其初步实验结果。电子枪为皮尔斯枪型,采用顺电相陶瓷Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO₂作为铁电阴极材料,电子枪电压脉宽80 ns,幅值最大可达80 kV,设计电子枪导流系数为0.15×10^-6 A·V^-3/2。电子枪电压从30 kV逐步增大到56 kV,测量到其发射电流从0.7 A逐步增大到2.5 A。根据实验结果拟合得到的电子枪导流系数为0.2×10^-6 A·V^-3/2,与设计基本符合。     

微脉冲电子枪的动力学研究

 利用SEEG程序模拟计算了微脉冲电子枪束流动力学问题。在不考虑空间电荷效应的情况下，模拟了在微脉冲电子枪中电子纵向聚束的过程。进而详细研究了在空间电荷效应作用及相聚过程共同作用下形成饱和电流的过程。在此基础上，给出了经过优化后的微脉冲电子枪腔型特性,使用SEEG程序对该枪进行束流动力学模拟计算。最后给出一个实验用微脉冲电子枪的物理设计。     

微脉冲电子枪模拟计算

用模拟计算的方法,研究了微脉冲电子枪的束流动力学行为.基于微脉冲电子枪的工作原理和束流动力学特点,用VC++语言编制了微脉冲电子枪的辅助设计软件—SEEG对微脉冲电子枪中电子的三维运动进行多粒子跟踪模拟.文中给出了模拟计算的基本原理,经过SEEG程序稳定性的测试,最后应用SEEG程序模拟了一个微脉冲电子枪的束流运动特性.     

铁电介质阴极电子枪

 给出并分析了铁电介质阴极电子枪的初步数值模拟和实验结果。实验表明其发射电子密度可达110A/cm²。该种电子枪产生的电流密度大于阴极发射电子初始能量为零时的空间电荷限制电流,PIC数值模拟结果表明可以通过给发射电子赋予一定的初始能量来解释这一现象,理论分析认为铁电介质阴极发射电子具有初始能量是合理的。     

基于碳纳米管场致发射的电子枪的初步研究

给出了基于碳纳米管场致发射电子枪的初步研究结果. 碳纳米管场致发射试验证明碳纳米管是一种很好的场致发射材料. 试验中, 在极间场强2.7MV/m的情况下得到的电流发射密度为0.5mA/cm².     

二次发射微波电子枪的模拟计算及其特性分析

 采用URMEL-T程序进行了二次发射微波电子枪的腔内电磁计算和特性分析。同时利用URMEL-T得出的腔内轴向电场及自编程序,模拟电子在该高频场作用下的运动。计算表明二次发射微波电子枪确实具有相位选择性,进而探讨了腔形尺寸、射频电场强度对相位选择性和产生二次倍增的有关条件的影响,以及输出电子的能量稳定性。模拟结果表明,这类电子枪（MPG）可得到高电流密度（5303A/cm²）及短脉冲（3.15~10ps）的电子束。     

BEPCⅡ电子枪系统测试与运行

2004年7月BEPCⅡ新电子枪系统在测试台进行了测试, 同年11月投入BEPCⅡ直线加速器运行. 描述了新电子枪系统的测试与运行状态. 电子枪设计电流10A, 脉宽1ns,重复频率50Hz, 脉冲高压200kV, 提供单脉冲和双脉冲运行模式. 通过实验获取了一些重要的关系曲线, 同时进行了初步的双脉冲测试. 流强及发射度测量等测试结果表明设计阶段的计算机模拟数据与实际情况基本相符. 从电子枪实际运行状况来看, 其设计与制造是成功的.     

用于微波电子枪注入器的α磁铁的设计和制造

本文给出用于北京自由电子激光器的微波电子枪注入器的α磁铁的物理参数和物理设计,并报告了磁场测量的结果:好场区范围13.3cm;场梯度均匀度1.5%.经模拟计算和束流实验证明,这块α铁的设计和制造满足了微波电子枪高亮度注入器的要求.     

热阴极微波电子枪模拟计算

用模拟计算方法,研究了热阴极微波电子枪的束流动力学行为,采用笛卡尔坐标,编制了准三维模拟计算程序──HOTGUN.计算中除考虑了射频场外,还充分考虑了空间电荷效应(空间电荷场为轴对称场)、肖特基效应及稳态负载效应等.文中给出了HOTGUN程序与PARMELA部分模拟结果及中科院高能所自由电子激光室微波电子枪热测实验台部分实验结果的比较,最后以用于北京自由电子激光器的多腔热阴极微波电子枪为例,给出了详细的HOTGUN程序模拟计算结果.     

栅网结构碳纳米管冷阴极电子光学系统的设计

基于碳纳米管冷阴极实验测试结果,采用三维粒子模拟软件对大面积碳纳米管冷阴极的场致发射特性进行了仿真,研究了栅网结构不同尺寸对碳纳米管冷阴极场致发射特性及电子注通过率的影响,并在此基础上设计出面积压缩比为18,输出电流密度为14.9 A/cm2的带状注电子枪。为进一步研制碳纳米管冷阴极电子光学系统和相关微波、毫米波电真空辐射源器件提供了技术基础。     

单晶LaB6阴极在微波电子枪中的应用

随着自由电子激光器的发展,高亮度微波电子枪越来越受到重视,为满足北京自由电子激光器注入器的要求,高能所进行了国内首台热阴极微波电子枪的实验研究,采用单晶LaB_6做阴极材料。本文描述了在研制过程中所解决的阴极表面处理、夹持、加热等一系列工艺问题,首次采用电子束焊的方法将LaB_6与基金属牢固结合,最后给出实验结果:阴极发射密度可达84A/cm~2,阴极寿命200h,加热灯丝寿命大于500h。     

Improved Computer Program for Magnetron Injection Gun Design

Gyrotron has received extensive attention owing to its high-power capability, especially when the wavelength shrinks below the millimeter-wave range. The electron beam of a gyrotron is typically generated by a magnetron injection gun (MIG). For high cathode current density, the MIG may operate in a region that combines temperature limited and space-charge limited emissions. An improved computer program for electron gun design is appropriate for MIGs that operate between space-charge limited and temperature limited emission. Moreover, the initial input formation of the program resembles that of the EGUN code. Analysis of a Pierce electron gun and MIGs reveals that the stimulated beam current appears consistent with the measured results. However, EGUN simulation results in which the cathode emitters of MIGs are chosen for the temperature limited emission differ from those of our simulation results. This difference is most likely owing to that the initial emitting energy can not be completely described in the EGUN simulation. Finally, the improved computer program is used to design a MIG for a Ka-band, TE₀₁ mode gyro-TWT.     

小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪实验

基于空心阴极效应和低压辉光放电原理,设计了一种小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪并进行了实验研究,在低气压下获得了稳定的空心阴极辉光放电,测量电子枪放电结果表明:在空心阴极中加入灯丝热子可明显降低放电气压;电子束电流的大小随放电电压增大而增大,受气体气压影响较小;在气压2Pa,放电电压10kV,脉宽4μs脉冲下放电,可得到脉宽为2μs,电流为600mA的电子束。     

ELECTRON GUN FOR LARGE ORBIT GYROTRON (LOG) WITH DECREASED INFLUENCE OF CATHODE PLASMA ON ELECTRON BEAM PROPERTIES

High power Large Orbit Gyrotron (LOG) [1] is now under development at FIR FU. First version of this device was recently manufactured and then assembled with power supply ETIGO-IV [2]. Results of preliminary tests of electron-optic system are presented. The conditions when stableflat form of current pulse realized are discussed. Analytical estimations of cathode-anode distance to achieve small influence of cathode plasma during high voltage (HV) pulse are performed. Two new electron gun versions with decreased influence of the cathode plasma on its impedance and pulse form are suggested and optimized. New optimal magnetic field distributions are found. First gun has quiasi-flat cathode configuration near the anode diaphragm and provides operating current about 60 A. Second one uses blade cathode with operating current about 30 A. Beam quality for both guns is suitable for LOG operation.     

ELECTRON GUN FOR LARGE ORBIT GYROTRON (LOG) WITH DECREASED INFLUENCE OF CATHODE PLASMA ON ELECTRON BEAM PROPERTIES

High power Large Orbit Gyrotron (LOG) [1] is now under development at FIR FU. First version of this device was recently manufactured and then assembled with power supply ETIGO-IV [2]. Results of preliminary tests of electron-optic system are presented. The conditions when stable flat form of current pulse realized are discussed. Analytical estimations of cathode-anode distance to achieve small influence of cathode plasma during high voltage (HV) pulse are performed. Two new electron gun versions with decreased influence of the cathode plasma on its impedance and pulse form are suggested and optimized. New optimal magnetic field distributions are found. First gun has quiasi-flat cathode configuration near the anode diaphragm and provides operating current about 60 A. Second one uses blade cathode with operating current about 30 A. Beam quality for both guns is suitable for LOG operation.