Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ Codoped Phosphate Glass Fibre with Gain per Unit Length Greater Than 3.0 dB/cm

We experimentally study a novel fibre with high gain per unit length based on the homemade erbium-ytterbium codoped phosphate glass. The gain and noise characterizations with different pump powers at different wavelengths are investigated. The 1.8-cm-long fibre, dual-pumped by two single mode 980-nm fibre-pigtailed laser diodes, provides a gain per unit length greater than 3.0dB/cm and a noise figure less than 6.SdB. The gain saturation behaviour at 1535nm is obtained and the saturation output power （3 dB compression） is greater than 5 dBm.     

Gain Characteristics of Er^3＋-Doped Phosphate Glass Fibres

An erbium-doped phosphate glass fibre has been drawn by the rod-in-tube technique in our laboratory. The gain for the Er^3＋-doped phosphate glass fibre with different pump powers and with different input signal wavelengths is investigated. The 2.2-cm-long fibre, pumped by a single-mode 980-nm fibre-pigtailed laser diode, can provide a net gain per unit length greater than 1.SdB/cm. The pump threshold is about 50mW at the wavelength of 1534nm, and below 70roW at 1550nm. The gain linewidth of the Er^3＋-doped phosphate glass fibre is greater than 34 nm and can cover the C band in optical communication networks.     

Photoluminescence of an Yba＋/Al3＋-codoped microstructured optical fibre

An Yba＋/Al3＋-codoped microstructured optical fibre is prepared based on photonic crystal fibre technology. The characteristic spectra of preforms and fibres are experimentally investigated. The results show that under a 971 nm excitation, besides the known infrared fluorescence luminescence around 1050 nm, a blue luminescence peak at 486 nm is obtained. Moreover, an unexpected emission peak at 730 nm is also observed. The photoluminescence mechanism of an Yba＋/Al3＋-codoped microstructured optical fibre is discussed. The emission peak at 486 nm is attributed to the cooperative upconversion resulting from pairs of Yb3＋ ions, and the emission peak around 730 nm is ascribed to the stimulated Raman scattering because of nonlinear effects of microstructured optical fibre. The Yba＋/Al3＋-codoped microstructured optical fibre is promising for varieties of applications from laser printing and optical recording to cancer treatments, such as photodynamic therapy.     

Spectroscopic properties in Er3＋/yb3＋ Co-doped fluorophosphate glass

Using the technique of high-temperature melting, a new Er3＋/Yb3＋ co-doped fluorophosphate glass was prepared. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were investigated in depth. The effect of Er3＋ and Yb3＋ concentration on the spectroscopic properties of the glass sample was also discussed. According to the Judd Ofelt theory, the oscillator strength was computed. The lifetime of 4113/2 level （t-m） of Er3＋ ions was 8.23 ms, and the full width at half maximum of the dominating emission peak was 68 nm at 1.53 μm. The large stimulated emission cross section of the Er3＋ was calculated by the McCumher theory. The spectroscopic properties of Er3＋ ion were compared with those in different glasses. The full width at half maximum and σe are larger than those of other glass hosts, indicating this studied glass may be a potentially useful candidate for high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier.     

Enhancement of up-conversion Yb3＋/Tm3＋/Er3＋ tri-doped tellurite glass luminescence properties in transparent oxyfluoride ceramics

Optically transparent Er3＋/Tm3＋/Yb3＋ tri-doped oxyfluoride tellurite based nano-crystallized glass ceramics with the batching composition of 73TeO2-15ZnO-7ZnF2-3YF3-1.5YbF3-0.3ErF3-0.2TmF3 （mol%） is prepared by a conventional melting quenching and the subsequent heat treatment processes. The sizes of grown nano-crystals in glass matrix appear to be smaller than 100 nm from the scanning electron mi- croscope measurement. Visible up-conversion luminescence of the as melted glass and glass ceramics is investigated. The three-color up-conversion luminescence intensities by 980-nm pumping are increased significantly due to the heat treatment, and the blue intensity increases with a higher magnitude than other wavelengths after heat treatment.     

Determination of energy constants for Yb3＋/Er3＋ transfer and upconversion codoped phosphate glass

The energy transfer and cooperation upconversion processes are investigated in Yb3＋/Er3＋ codoped phos- phate glass. Based on the measured curves of output power versus incident power, the laser and spectroscopic parameters of the glass are fitted and analyzed. We focus on the resonant energy transfer constant k from Yb3＋ to Er3＋ as well as the cooperation upconversion coefficient Cup from 4113/2 of Era＋. The fitted k and Cup can give almost the same results for different thicknesses of glass disk with the same dop- ing concentrations. The determination of these parameters is helpful for the development of Yb3＋/Er3＋ codoped laser glass.     

A Dual-Wavelength Cladding-Pumped Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ Codoped Fibre Laser System with More Than 2 W Output and Tunable Wavelength Spacing

A dual-wavelength laser system with wideband tunable wavelength spacing and more than 2 W output power is proposed and demonstrated. The operation principle of the laser system is based on the saturation gain characteristic of a cladding-pumped Era＋ /yba＋ co-doped fibre amplifier combining with a wideband tunable fibre laser with fiat power spectrum. The tuning range of the wavelength spacing is continuous within a 35 nm spectral range, and the power difference between both lasing wavelengths can be easily adjusted and controlled by a variable optical attenuator. The total output power can approximately keep unchangeable when the wavelength spacing and the power difference between both lasing wavelengths are continuously tuned and changed. The maximum total output power of the laser system is about 2.22 W.     

Gain and Noise Figure of a Double-Pass Waveguide Amplifier Based on Er/Yb-Doped Phosphate Glass

A waveguide amplifier is fabricated by Ag^＋-Na^＋ two-step ion exchange on Er/Yb-doped phosphate glass. The spectroscopic performance of glass and the properties of channel waveguide are characterized. A double-pass configuration is adopted to measure the gain and noise figure （NF） of the waveguide amplifier, and the comparison of gain and NF for the single and double-pass configuration of the waveguide amplifier is presented. The results show that the double-pass configuration can make the gain increase from 8.8dB （net gain 2.2dB/cm） of the single-pass one to 14.6dB （net gain 3.65dB/cm） for small input power at 1534nm, and the NF are all lower than 5.5dB for both the configurations.     

Laser Characteristics of Cladding-Pumped Short Er^3＋/yb^3＋ Codoped Single Mode Phosphate Glass Fibre

We experimentally investigate the laser characteristics of a series of short pieces of newly-developed Er^3＋/ Yb^3＋ codoped single mode phosphate glass fibres via the cladding pump of a 976nm multimode laser diode. A stable continuous-wave single transverse mode laser with over 85 m W at 1553nm is generated from a 5.5-em-long active fibre. Single mode laser output power per unit length is up to 15 mW/cm. Moreover, the slope efficiency is 11.8% when the pump power is below 940mW and the 3dB linewidth is 0.06nm at the maximum pump power. The numerical simulation results show that the laser emission slope efficiency can exceed 20% by means of increasing the coupling efficiency of the pump to the fibre core further.     

Broadband and High Efficient 1530 nm Emission from Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics Codoped with Er3＋ and Yb3＋ Ions

The emission at 1530nm and its applications in optical communications are discussed. The efficient width of the emission band △eff, which is up to 91 nm, is larger as compared with silica-based glass, bismuth glass and ZrF4-BaF2-LaFa-AIF3-NaF （ZBLAN） glass doped by Er^3＋ ions. Under the excitation of 785 nm laser, the emission integral intensity of 153Onto increases about five times in the glass ceramics higher than that in the glass. This is explained by the quantum cutting process by two-photon emission with phonon assistance. The results indicate that the glass ceramics are a promising candidate for developing broadband optical amplifiers in wavelength-division multiplexed systems.     

Characteristics of Cladding-Pumped Short Er3+/Yb3+ Codoped Single Mode Phosphate Glass Fibre

We experimentally investigate the laser characteristics of a series of short pieces of newly-developed Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ codoped single mode phosphate glass fibres via the cladding pump of a 976nm multimode laser diode. A stablecontinuous-wave single transverse mode laser with over 85mW at 1553nm is generated from a 5.5-cm-long active fibre. Single mode laser output power per unit length is up to 15mW/cm. Moreover, the slope efficiency is 11.8% when the pump power is below 940mW and the 3dB linewidth is 0.06nm at the maximum pump power. The numerical simulation results show that the laser emission slope efficiency can exceed 20% by means of increasing the coupling efficiency of the pump to the fibre core further.     

Self-Starting Passively Mode-Locked Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ Codoped Phosphate Glass All-Fibre Ring Laser

A self-starting, passively mode-locked all-fibre ring laser based on the homemade Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ codoped phosphate glass fibre is reported. Dual-pump sources were used to achieve the mode-locked operation in the experiment. The fundamental mode-locked pulse repetition rate is 10.67MHz. The pulse duration, assumed as the fit of hyperbolic secant pulse shape, is 5.82ps. We also observe the multi-pulse output of the fibre laser.     

高浓度镱铒共掺磷酸盐光纤放大器增益特性

在忽略高能级的自发辐射和光纤损耗的情况下，利用速率方程和传输方程理论研究了高浓度Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺磷酸盐玻璃光纤放大器的增益特性，讨论了Er³⁺浓度、Yb³⁺浓度、抽运光功率、信号光功率、光纤长度对放大器增益的影响，并与单掺铒光纤放大器进行了比较.由于Yb³⁺的敏化作用降低了铒离子的团簇效应，减少了离子间相互作用，共掺光纤的增益和效率明显高于单掺光纤.数值计算表明，3.2cm长Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺光纤在980nm的20dBm(100mW)抽运功率下，1532nm处的增益可达10dB. 关键词： 镱铒共掺光纤放大器 速率方程 传输方程 高浓度     

Effects of Yb^3＋ in Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ Codoped Fluorophosphate Glasses

For the Er^3＋ /Yb^3＋ codoped fluorophosphate glasses, Judd-Ofelt theory is used to analyse the influence of YbF3 as not a sensitizer but an average component on the spectroscopic properties around 1530nm emission. The double roles of Yb^3＋, as a sensitizer and as an average component, are discussed. It is found that Yb^3＋ as an average component contributes to the increase of fluorescence lifetime, and Yb^3＋ as a sensitizer has the best sensitization when its concentration is 2.4 mol%.     

Intense Green Upconversion Luminescence in Er^3＋：Yb^3＋ Codoped Fluorophosphate Glass Ceramic Containing SrTe5O11 Nanocrystals

Er^3＋ ：Yb^3＋ codoped tellurite-fluorophosphate （TFP） glass ceramic exhibits much stronger upconversion luminescence. The intensity of the 540nm green light and 651 nm red light of the TFP glass ceramic is 120 times and 44 times stronger than that of the fluorophospahte （FP） glass, respectively. XRD analysis shows that the nanocrystal in TFP glass ceramic is SrTe5O11. TFP glass ceramic also displays much higher upconversion fluorescence lifetime and crystallization stability. The narrow and strong peak at 540nm is very ideal for practical upconversion luminescence realization. This work is a new trial for exploring non-PbF2 involved nanocrystal upconversion glass ceramics.     

Er3+/Yb3+ Codoped Phosphate Glass Fibre with Gain per Unit Length Greater Than 3.0dB/cm

We experimentally study a novel fibre with high gain per unit length based on the homemade erbium--ytterbium codoped phosphate glass. The gain and noise characterizations with different pump powers at different wavelengths are investigated. The 1.8-cm-long fibre, dual-pumped by two single mode 980-nm fibre-pigtailed laser diodes, provides a gain per unit length greater than 3.0dB/cm and a noise figure less than 6.5dB. The gain saturation behaviour at 1535nm is obtained and the saturation output power (3dB compression) is greater than 5dBm.     

Photoluminescence of an Yb3+/Al3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre

An Yb 3+ /Al 3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is prepared based on photonic crystal fibre technology.The characteristic spectra of preforms and fibres are experimentally investigated.The results show that under a 971 nm excitation,besides the known infrared fluorescence luminescence around 1050 nm,a blue luminescence peak at 486 nm is obtained.Moreover,an unexpected emission peak at 730 nm is also observed.The photoluminescence mechanism of an Yb 3+ /Al 3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is discussed.The emission peak at 486 nm is attributed to the cooperative upconversion resulting from pairs of Yb 3+ ions,and the emission peak around 730 nm is ascribed to the stimulated Raman scattering because of nonlinear effects of microstructured optical fibre.The Yb 3+ /Al 3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is promising for varieties of applications from laser printing and optical recording to cancer treatments,such as photodynamic therapy.     

铒镱共掺光波导激光器的稳态特性

从光波导激光器的工作理论出发,研究了铒镱共掺磷酸盐波导激光器的稳态特性。利用重叠因子简化了980 nm光抽运的铒镱共掺波导激光器四能级模型的速率-传输方程;在忽略自发辐射的情况下,利用数值模拟的方法,得到了铒镱共掺波导激光器的输出与Er³⁺/Yb³⁺离子浓度、泵浦功率、波导长度等参量之间的关系曲线。理论分析结果表明,选择合适的铒镱离子浓度是制作铒镱共掺波导激光器的关键。采用980 nm波长的泵浦光,泵浦功率为80 mW,Er³⁺浓度取20×10²⁶/m³左右,Yb³⁺/Er³⁺浓度比为7~10,波导长度为20 cm左右时,可以得到最大输出光功率。     

Cooperative Quantum Cutting of Nano-Crystalline BaF2：Tb^3＋, Yb^3＋ in Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics

We report on cooperative quantum cutting in Tb^3＋- Yb^3＋ codoped glass ceramics. Precipitation of BaF2 nanocrystals is confirmed by XRD and HRTEM analysis. Near-infrared emission due to transition of Yb^3＋ ions under 485 nm excitation indicates cooperative energy transfer from Tb^3＋ to Yb^3＋. The quantum efficiency of this process reaches 145%. The realization of quantum cutting in glass ceramics may have promising applications in solar cells.     

Sol-gel法制备Er3+-Yb3+共掺杂Al2O3粉末光致发光特性

采用异丙醇铝[Al(OC₃H₇)₃]为前驱体,溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备Er³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂Al₂O₃粉末.实验结果表明:900 ℃烧结的粉末为固溶Er³⁺、Yb³⁺的γ-(Al,Er,Yb)₂O₃相和少量θ-(Al,Er,Yb)₂O₃相的混合物.Er³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂Al₂O₃粉末具有中心波长为1.533 μm的光致发光(PL)特性.1 mol % Er³⁺和1 mol% Yb³⁺共掺杂的Al₂O₃粉末的PL强度较1 mol % Er³⁺掺杂提高2倍,半峰宽从53 nm增加到63 nm.随泵浦功率的提高,PL强度呈线性增加后渐呈饱和趋势.