基于无导数优化方法的数值模式误差估计

初始场误差和模式误差是制约数值预报准确率的两个关键因素,本文主要考虑利用历史观测资料实现时空演变的模式误差的估计问题.通过把模式误差综合考虑成为准确模式中的未知项,把历史资料看作是带有未知项的准确模式的特解,构造了求解时空演变的模式误差项的反问题及其最优控制问题.给出了一个解决最优控制问题的无导数优化方法,该方法的优点是不需要建立原数值模式的切线性模式与伴随模式,它只需在增加一个外强迫项的基础上运行原数值模式即可实现模式误差项的最优估计.关于Burgers方程的算例表明,无论模式的初始状态是否准确已知,无导数优化方法都能有效解决时空演变的模式误差的最优估计问题,它为实际业务模式利用历史数据提取模式误差信息并显著地改进预报效果提供了一种方便可行的数值方法与理论依据.     

两种气液两相流模型的应用和比较

本文应用MUSIG模型[1]和均一直径模型对某溶液堆台架模型堆芯内气液流动传热进行了数值模拟.在MUSIG模型中堆芯内离散相气泡被分为5组不同直径的气泡,用于分析堆芯内气泡的流动变化和大小分布,采用Luo and Svendsen[2]和Prince and Blanch[3]模型描述不同直径气泡组间的破裂和聚合.在均一直径模型中,堆芯内的气体被考虑为同一直径的组分,并且不考虑其破裂与聚合现象.计算得到采用两个模型的模拟结果并且对其进行了对比研究.结果显示应用MUSIG模型的计算结果与台架实验结果吻合更好.     

结合人工神经网络的翅片管式冷凝器快速仿真模型

为了提高翅片管式冷凝器仿真精度和计算速度，提出了含基本数学模型与两个神经网络的复合冷凝器模型．基本数学模型采用分区集中参数模型，简化用神经网络用以反映分区集中参数模型与分布参数模型间的非线性关系，精度改进用神经网络通过分析比较模型与实验值的差别，提高复合模型的精度．实际应用表明，复合模型的计算速度比分布参数     

Hadron Mass and the Properties of Nuclear Matter in the Quark Bag Models

The MIT bag model, chiral bag model and cloudy bag model are revisited. A typical work on the hadron mass calculation by chiral bag model and cloudy bag model is shown in more details with the quark-quark-pi vertex correction and quark self-energy being emphasized. More details are given to review the quark-meson coupling model and its application in nuclear matter. We put forth the Lagrangian of the quark-meson coupling model and studied the possibility of using the model to calculate the hadron mass.     

一种实用型粗糙面六参数双向反射分布函数模型

通过对五参数半经验双向反射分布函数(BRDF)模型进行修改,并吸收其它模型的优点,提出了一个六参数BRDF模型,该模型形式更简单,拟合效果更好,并且模型满足了能量守恒和互易性,使该模型更趋于实用化。利用模拟退火算法对多种不同样片的BRDF进行了拟合建模,获得了相应模型的参数值和偏差,结果证明了该模型的正确性,尤其适合对散射特性较弱样片BRDF的拟合建模。对于散射特性较弱的样片,与常用的五参数模型进行了比较,该模型的漫反射部分拟合效果更好,总体精度还略有提高。最后,为了更直观地表示目标样片的BRDF,分别给出了各个角度BRDF的三维拟合图。     

用于脉冲等离子体推力器烧蚀过程仿真的新型机电模型

用于脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)工作过程仿真的一维机电模型, 具有模型简单、计算周期短等优点, 在PPT设计过程中得到了广泛应用. 本文针对机电模型假设工质烧蚀质量为常数和不考虑烧蚀过程这一局限, 提出了一种采用Teflon一维烧蚀模型计算工质烧蚀质量的改进模型, 并以LES-6 PPT为研究对象进行了仿真. 通过与LES-6 PPT实验数据进行对比, 仿真结果与实验数据符合, 充分验证了模型的可靠性. 此模型能够对Teflon工质在PPT工作过程中的温度变化和烧蚀过程进行仿真, 弥补了机电模型忽略烧蚀过程对仿真结果所造成的影响, 同时, 此模型依然保持了机电模型简单易于实现的优点, 对于脉冲等离子体推力器的设计具有重要意义. 关键词： 脉冲等离子体推力器 机电模型 烧蚀模型 数值仿真     

Modeling NMR Lineshapes Using Logspline Density Functions

Distortions in the FID and spin echo due to magnetic field inhomogeneity are proved to have a representation as the characteristic function of some probability distribution. In the special case that the distribution is Cauchy, the model reduces to the conventional Lorentzian model. A more general and flexible representation is presented using the Fourier transform of a logspline density. An algorithm for fitting the model is described, the performance of the model and algorithm is investigated in applications to real and simulated data sets, and the logspline approach is compared to a previous Hermitian spline approach and to the Lorentzian model. The logspline model is more parsimonious than the Hermitian spline model, provides a better fit to real data, and is much less biased than the Lorentzian model.     

基于MC-UVE、GA算法及因子分析对葡萄酒酒精度近红外定量模型的优化研究

对葡萄酒酒精度偏最小二乘（Partial least squares,PLS）回归模型进行优化研究。使用近红外光谱仪采集葡萄酒样本的光谱数据,用于建立酒精度定量模型,实现在线快速检测。通过蒙特卡罗无信息变量消除（Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination,MC-UVE）和遗传算法（Genetic algorithm,GA）进行变量选择,基于被选择的变量分别进行PLS和因子分析（Factor analysis,FA）,建立回归模型。结果表明,MC-UVE-GA-FAR模型预测集相关系数（R²）为0.946,预测均方根误差（Root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP）为0.215,效果优于MC-UVE-GA-PLS模型。与基于全范围光谱所建PLS回归模型相比,模型效果有所提升,而且模型所选变量个数仅为6,极大地简化了模型。MC-UVE和GA算法与FA分析结合可以实现模型的优化。     

Fractional differential models for anomalous diffusion

In this study, we investigate three kinds of fractional differential models (distributed-order model, variable-order model and random-order model) for characterization of anomalous diffusion. The characteristics, physical advantages and potential applications of each model are highlighted. The numerical simulations also validate our analytical and comparison results. Furthermore, a generalized distributed-variable-order model and a more generalized distributed-variable-random-order model are proposed to combine the advantages of distributed-order model, variable-order model and random-order model.     

Portfolio Optimization with a Mean–Absolute Deviation–Entropy Multi-Objective Model

Investors wish to obtain the best trade-off between the return and risk. In portfolio optimization, the mean-absolute deviation model has been used to achieve the target rate of return and minimize the risk. However, the maximization of entropy is not considered in the mean-absolute deviation model according to past studies. In fact, higher entropy values give higher portfolio diversifications, which can reduce portfolio risk. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a multi-objective optimization model, namely a mean-absolute deviation-entropy model for portfolio optimization by incorporating the maximization of entropy. In addition, the proposed model incorporates the optimal value of each objective function using a goal-programming approach. The objective functions of the proposed model are to maximize the mean return, minimize the absolute deviation and maximize the entropy of the portfolio. The proposed model is illustrated using returns of stocks of the Dow Jones Industrial Average that are listed in the New York Stock Exchange. This study will be of significant impact to investors because the results show that the proposed model outperforms the mean-absolute deviation model and the naive diversification strategy by giving higher a performance ratio. Furthermore, the proposed model generates higher portfolio mean returns than the MAD model and the naive diversification strategy. Investors will be able to generate a well-diversified portfolio in order to minimize unsystematic risk with the proposed model.     

Adjoint modeling for acoustic inversion

The use of adjoint modeling for acoustic inversion is investigated. An adjoint model is derived from a linearized forward propagation model to propagate data-model misfit at the observation points back through the medium to the medium perturbations not being accounted for in the model. This adjoint model can be used to aid in inverting for these unaccounted medium perturbations. Adjoint methods are being applied to a variety of inversion problems, but have not drawn much attention from the underwater acoustic community. This paper presents an application of adjoint methods to acoustic inversion. Inversions are demonstrated in simulation for both range-independent and range-dependent sound speed profiles using the adjoint of a parabolic equation model. Sensitivity and error analyses are discussed showing how the adjoint model enables calculations to be performed in the space of observations, rather than the often much larger space of model parameters. Using an adjoint model enables directions of steepest descent in the model parameters (what we invert for) to be calculated using far fewer modeling runs than if a forward model only were used.     

相变过程的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

应用Shan提出的伪势多相模型替代R-K着色模型,建立一种新的描述气液相变过程的格子Boltzmann理论模型,模拟蒸发(高密度转化为低密度)过程.改进了计算效率,且得到较好的计算结果.同时应用该模型从孔隙尺度模拟了多孔介质中的相变现象,验证了该模型模拟复杂相变问题的可行性.     

化学反应机理对激波与可燃氢气泡相互作用影响的数值研究

通过含化学源项的Navier-Stokes方程对激波与可燃界面相互作用（RSBI）进行数值研究,讨论三种氢氧化学反应机理对点火过程、燃烧效率和面积压缩率等物理化学特征的影响.三种化学反应分别为：Evans-Schexnayder反应模型（ES模型）,Jachimowski反应模型（J模型）及Ó Conaire反应模型（Ó模型）.研究表明：ES模型下的气泡点火延迟时间最大,平衡温度最低且点火位置异于J模型和Ó模型.采用无量纲面积来表征激波和燃烧作用气泡的形变特征,结果表明：燃烧释热阶段的气泡面积对化学反应模型的选择非常敏感,其中J模型的面积膨胀率最高.然而对于模拟长期发展的RSBI流场燃烧效率,不同化学反应模型之间的差异相对缩小.由于ES模型难以准确捕捉点火位置,J模型和Ó模型更适合模拟RSBI这类复杂流动的点火现象及燃烧流动耦合过程.     

自适应听觉感知时频分析模型

提出了一种具有强度自适应机制的仿听觉感知时频分析模型—Adaptive Ear Wig Distribution(AEWD),该模型是O'Donovan的Ear Wig Distribution(EWD)模型的扩展。AEWD的主要改进在于使用Patterson等近几年来提出的Cascade Compressive Gammachirp(Cascade cGC)模型,替换原有模型使用的Gammatone(GT)模型构造频域平滑窗,从而使AEWD模型具有了随输入信号功率而自适应调整的能力。相较于EWD模型,AEWD描述的时频分布更加符合听觉感知实际。最后,文中给出了一些典型信号的计算实例,说明了AEWD模型的有效性。      

A modified NaSch model with density-dependent randomization for traffic flow

Based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg (NaSch) model of traffic flow, a modified cellular automaton (CA) traffic model with the density-dependent randomization (abbreviated as the DDR model) is proposed to simulate traffic flow. The fundamental diagram obtained by simulation shows the ability of this modified NaSch model to capture the essential features of traffic flow, e.g., synchronized flow, metastable state, hysteresis and phase separation at higher densities. Comparisons are made between this DDR model and the NaSch model, also between this DDR model and the VDR model. And the underlying mechanism is analyzed. All these results indicate that the presented model is reasonable and more realistic.     

Aspects of ground effect modeling

A recently published one-parameter ground model based on Darcy's law is here generalized into a two-parameter model which depends on an effective flow resistivity and an effective layer depth. Extensive field measurements of the acoustic impedance of various ground types have been carried out for frequencies in the range from 200 Hz to 2.5 kHz. The model based on Darcy's law gives an improved fit to the measurements compared to the Delany-Bazley model. It is, in addition, argued on purely theoretical grounds that the suggested model is preferable. In contrast to the Delany-Bazley model it corresponds to a proper causal time-domain model. This is particularly relevant for extrapolation of the models to lower frequencies and for the recently developed harmonized methods intended for use in the implementation of the European Union directive on the assessment and management of environmental noise. The harmonized methods include frequencies down to the 25 Hz third octave band and have the Delany-Bazley ground impedance model as the default choice. The arguments presented here suggest that this default choice should be replaced by the more physically based model from the law of Darcy.     

Automatic fringe analysis of the induced anisotropy of bent optical fibres

A new theoretical model considering the refraction of the incident light beam by the fibre is suggested to determine the refractive index profile of bent optical fibres. This new model (slabs model) considering the cross section of the bent optical fibre consists of large number of slabs. The slabs model bases on the refraction of the incident beam by the fibre. The refractive index profile of the optical fibre cladding before bending obtained using the automated Fizeau interferometer with the aid of suggested model is compared with other models such as, the homogenous model and the multilayer model to verify the ability of this slab model. The refractive index profile of the bent optical fibre cladding is investigated using this suggested model. In addition, the new model is used to obtain the induced birefringence and the guiding parameters. The bending radius is recommended to be greater than 7.1 mm for the used optical fibre. The consideration of the refraction increases the accuracy of the results.     

多导体传输线高频场线耦合模型的研究综述

场线耦合模型的研究是电磁兼容分析和电磁效应评估的重要组成部分。低频时,可以使用基于准TEM波近似的经典场线耦合模型来计算外场激励下的传输线沿线电流电压响应,然而,当入射波频率增加到对应波长与传输线横向尺寸可比拟时,经典模型将产生不可接受的模型误差,因而需要发展高频情况下的场线耦合模型。介绍了国内外多导体传输线高频场线耦合模型的研究进展,详细分析和比较了两个主流分支:TRI模型和TLST模型;之后简要介绍了传输线超理论TLST模型并以算例说明了该模型的准确性和有效性;最后对高频场线耦合模型的研究内容和研究目标进行了总结和展望。     

边界层转捩区声辐射的预报方法研究

对Lighthill剪切应力脉动模型和Liepmann位移厚度脉动模型进行了讨论,在此基础上,本文提出利用Krane偶极子声源模型对Liepmann单极子声源模型进行改进。数值计算结果表明:作为偶极子声源的Lighthill理论剪切应力脉动模型,预报的噪声级偏低;而作为单极子声源的Liepmann模型,预报的噪声级又偏高;本文提出的两种改进模型预报的噪声级则与Lauchle实验值的一致性较好。     

The phase diagram of the 2D Ising model with anisotropic next-nearest-neighbor and four-spin interactions

In the present paper, the two-dimensional Ising model with anisotropic nearest-neighbor, next-nearest-neighbor and four-spin interactions has been studied. The ground states and energy of the model have been obtained. The model is equivalent to an eight-vertex model on its dual lattice. In some special cases, the model can be solved exactly as a zero-field eight-vertex model or a free-fermion model. Explicit phase diagrams are obtained exactly.