阶梯形正反螺纹搅拌针对2A12-T4铝合金 FSLW接头力学性能的影响

搅拌针上螺纹分布情况会对搅拌摩擦焊接头内部材料流动行为产生重要影响,进而影响接头成形及力学性能. 采用锥形螺纹搅拌针和阶梯形正反螺纹搅拌针进行2A12-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊试验,对比分析了两种搅拌针下搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头横截面形貌、显微组织、拉剪性能及接头断裂位置. 结果表明,两种搅拌针下接头横截面形貌均呈现“碗状”. 然而,在阶梯形正反螺纹搅拌针焊接下搭接界面后退侧出现特有的“括号”形貌. 相对于锥形螺纹搅拌针,阶梯形正反螺纹搅拌针下的接头热力影响区与热影响区晶粒分布相差不大,但焊核区晶粒细化程度更加明显;接头在焊接速度80 mm/min下可获得最大拉剪性能,其值为10.39 kN. 阶梯形正反螺纹搅拌针下接头界面后退侧出现的“括号”形貌阻碍了裂纹向焊核区进一步扩展,断裂模式表现为拉伸断裂.     

半螺纹搅拌针对2024铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊力学性能影响

作为影响搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）过程中塑性材料上下流动的重要因素,搅拌针螺纹形貌同样对搅拌摩擦搭接焊（FSLW）的材料流动和力学性能有着重要影响.为研究半螺纹搅拌针对FSLW接头显微组织和力学性能的影响,文中将全螺纹搅拌针和半螺纹搅拌针用于包铝2024铝合金FSLW试验,并对不同搅拌针作用下的FSLW接头的横截面形貌、剪切拉伸载荷、断裂位置等方面进行分析对比.结果表明,半螺纹搅拌针会使钩状缺陷向下弯曲,从而使FSLW接头具有较大的有效板材厚度以及搭接宽度.断裂模式同为剪切断裂,但半螺纹搅拌针作用下的FSLW接头拥有更大的拉断载荷.     

异种高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的缺陷和拉伸性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊对5 mm厚2024/7075异种高强铝合金进行上下板交换位置的搭接焊试验,分析接头的缺陷特征和拉伸性能。结果表明:材料位置和焊接速度对缺陷和拉伸性能有较大影响。当2024铝合金为上板时,接头中存在大面积孔洞缺陷,焊缝表面粗糙,尤其在300 mm/min焊速下存在较严重的起皮缺陷;钩状缺陷为搭接接头的典型缺陷,低焊速(50和150 mm/min)下钩状缺陷向上扩展距离较大,7075铝合金为上板时高焊速(225和300 mm/min)下后退侧钩状缺陷水平向焊核区扩展距离较大;在低焊速下,7075铝合金为上板的接头强度较高;在高焊速下,2024铝合金为上板的接头强度较高;钩状缺陷严重减小接头的有效板厚和有效搭接宽度,是接头强度降低的主要因素,优化搅拌摩擦焊搭接工艺必须同时增大有效板厚和有效搭接宽度。     

不扎透上板对2024-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊力学性能的影响

钩状缺陷是影响搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头性能的重要因素. 为了尽可能的避免钩状缺陷的产生,利用不扎透上板的方式对2024-T4铝合金进行焊接,重点分析不同转速下的接头横截面形貌及力学性能. 结果表明,利用不扎透上板的方式所得搭接界面保持连续且主要呈水平方向分布. 由于搅拌针长度较小,焊核区底部的宽度远大于搅拌针尖端直径,使有效连接宽度增加,导致搭接接头在承受拉剪载荷时呈拉伸断裂模式. 与转速为500 r/min相比,600 r/min下接头的有效连接宽度与剪切拉伸强度均有小幅度地增加,最大剪切拉伸强度为143 MPa.     

Ti/Al异种合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的界面特性(英文)

采用搅拌摩擦焊实现TC1钛合金和LF6铝合金异种材料的搭接连接,并对界面特性进行研究。采用所选取的工艺参数均能获得良好的表面成形,但每一种工艺参数下的界面形貌不同。随着焊接速度的增加或搅拌头转速的降低,被搅拌针搅入焊核区的钛合金粒子的数量减少,而且搭接接头的抗拉载荷也随着焊接速度的提高而降低。当焊接速度为60mm/min、搅拌头旋转速度为1500r/min时,接头的抗拉载荷达到最大值,此时的界面区可以分成三层。搭接接头的显微硬度分布不均匀,焊核中心区的显微硬度值最大,高达HV502。     

薄板AA2024铝合金无针搅拌摩擦焊搭接工艺与接头性能

文中研究了2024薄板铝合金无针搅拌摩擦搭接接头形貌及力学性能,分析了工艺参数对接头成形与力学性能的影响.结果表明,工艺参数对接头成形及力学性能影响显著.接头中Hook缺陷对接头性能影响较大.当旋转速度一定时,焊接速度的增大使得焊核深度减小,Hook缺陷尖端趋于圆滑过渡,接头的拉剪强度随之增大.当焊接速度一定时,随着旋转速度的增大,焊核深度先增大后减小,Hook缺陷尖端上翘的严重程度先加重后减弱,拉剪强度先降低后增加.搭接接头上下两板的横向显微硬度曲线都近似"W"形分布,最低值出现在上板的热影响区.     

双道焊对搅拌摩擦焊搭接界面及接头性能的影响

用搅拌针长度为3.6 mm的圆柱左螺纹和右螺纹搅拌头对3 mm厚的LY12（CZ）铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊搭接试验,研究了双道焊搭接界面的迁移及接头的性能.结果表明,搅拌头顺时针旋转,采用左螺纹搅拌头时,焊核两侧的搭接界面向上迁移;采用右螺纹搅拌头时,搭接界面向下迁移.单道焊时,由于受拉边总存在迁移界面,导致有效承载板厚...     

微小下压量下2024/7075异种铝合金FSLW接头的显微组织及力学性能研究

微研究了小下压量下2024/7075异种铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头的横截面形貌及力学性能。结果表明,使用小下压量可以有效减小钩状缺陷的高度,提高有效板厚值。拉剪试验时,裂纹由钩状缺陷尖端沿着焊核区扩展至另一端搭接界面处,导致接头断裂;接头拉剪强度达到76.78 MPa。     

工艺参数对铜/钢搅拌摩擦焊焊缝成形的影响

用搅拌摩擦焊方法焊接了10mm厚的紫铜和低碳钢板,并就工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响进行了研究.结果表明:搅拌头的旋转速度越高,焊缝表面氧化程度越大;焊接速度越大,出现缺陷的现象越严重.采用右螺纹搅拌针的搅拌头进行焊接时,在焊核区底部容易出现孔洞型缺陷.在搅拌头旋转速度为475 r/min,焊接速度为47.5 mrn/min时能获得无缺陷的铜/钢搅拌摩擦焊接头.     

汽车用5754铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究

对3 mm厚汽车用5754铝合金板材的搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)工艺进行系统研究,研究了焊接速度、轴肩直径和搅拌针长度等工艺参数对搅拌摩擦焊接头(对接和搭接)微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着焊接速度的提高, 5754铝合金FSW对接接头的焊核区和轴肩区的面积逐渐减小,而搅拌针区面积先增大后减小。当焊接速度为300 mm/min时, 5754铝合金FSW对接接头的强度系数达到0.975,这是因为轴肩区和搅拌针区面积相近(面积比例为0.97),增大了焊核区和热影响区界面面积。随着5754铝合金FSW搭接搅拌针长度的增加,上下板材接触面积逐渐增大,最大拉力和抗剪强度呈先降低而后提高的趋势。研究结果表明,当上板为前进侧焊接时,焊缝中产生严重隧道缺陷,最大拉力显著减小;轴肩直径由10 mm增加到12 mm时,搭接接头中轴肩区和搅拌针区的面积相近,此时微观组织中没有隧道缺陷,接头的最大拉力和抗剪强度较高。     

搅拌针形状对搭接焊缝界面迁移的影响

采用搅拌针长度相同而形状不同的搅拌头对3mm厚的LY12CZ铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊搭接试验。结果表明,表面带有螺纹的搅拌针使板材间的搭接界面在厚度方向上发生迁移,左螺纹使邻近搅拌针的塑化金属向下迁移,在搅拌针端部积聚,挤压周边金属向上运动,导致搭接界面向上迁移;右螺纹使邻近搅拌针的塑化金属向上迁移,在搅拌针根部积聚并受轴肩作用,挤压周边金属向下运动,导致搭接界面向下迁移。若搅拌针表面是光滑的,搭接界面在厚度方向上的迁移减小,但返回边界面向焊缝中心延伸的程度增大。     

Orbital friction stir lap welding in tubular parts of aluminium alloy AA5083

In this study, orbital friction stir lap welding of 360?mm diameter AA5083-H321 tube to 350?mm diameter AA5083-O flange was investigated. The influence of rotational and travel speed of tool with triangular frustum pin on the metallurgical structure and mechanical properties of orbital friction stir lap welded samples were studied. The results indicated that defect free orbital lap joints are successfully obtained using tool rotational speed of 650 and 800?rev?min^?1 with a constant travel speed of 40?mm?min^?1. The strengthening mechanism in the stir zone is solid solution strengthening and dislocation looping. The maximum joint strength was achieved at a welding speed of 650?rev?min^?1 and 40?mm?min^?1. Failure of tensile shear test samples occurred far from the friction stir welding zone.     

静轴肩辅助铝镁搅拌摩擦搭接接头的组织与性能

文中将静止轴肩技术应用到铝镁异种合金的搅拌摩擦搭接过程中,并分析了焊接速度对接头成形和力学性能的影响.结果表明,静止轴肩能够增强上下板之间的材料交换,焊后搅拌区呈较大的洋葱环形貌,其内部分布大量的金属间化合物;搭接面处发生良好的冶金结合.由于生成金属间化合物,洋葱环区域的显微硬度值明显高于接头其它区域.X射线衍射结果表明,金属间化合物的主要成分是Al₃Mg₂和Al₁₂Mg₁₇.接头的抗拉强度随着焊接速度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,最大值在焊接速度为40 mm/min时取得.     

Effect of pin rotating speed on lap shear strength of stationary shoulder friction stir lap welded 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy

Stationary shoulder friction stir lap welding (SSFSLW) was successfully used to weld 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy in this paper.Effect of pin rotating speed on cross section morphologies and lap shear strength of the SSFSLW joints were mainly discussed.Results show that joints without flash and shoulder marks can be obtained by the stationary shoulder.Cross section of the SSFSLW joint presents a basin-like morphology and little material loss.By increasing the rotating speed from 1 000 rpm to 1 600 rpm,both effective sheet thickness and lap width increase,while lap shear failure load firstly decreases and then increases.The maximum failure load of 14.05 kN is attained when 1 000 rpm is used.All SSFSLW joints present shear fracture mode.     

Enlarged-end tool for friction stir lap welding towards hook defect controlling

Hook defect is one of the trickiest issues for friction stir lap welding,which remains to be resolved.In this study,a designed pin with an enlarged-end was proposed to control the interfacial hook defect by optimizing its morphology orientation.The insert aduncous structure at the advancing side is dissected by multilayer metallographic observation,which is the main character to terminate the inner-ward extension of the hook.The application of this tool was verified practical with a varied plunge depth of pin into the lower plate from 0.1 mm to 1.6 mm.The angle of the hook was small and terminated at the insert-structure or oriented toward the material convergence region.No joint fractured along the hook line and the highest joint efficiency reached 86%of the parent 6082-T4 aluminum alloy.     

Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir lap jointed Monel 400 and Inconel 600

This study was conducted to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir lap joints. Monel 400 and Inconel 600 were selected as the experimental materials, and friction stir welding was carried out at a tool rotation speed of 200 rpm and welding speed of 100 mm/min. The application of friction stir welding to Monel 400 effectively reduced the grain size in the stir zone; the average grain size of Monel 400 was reduced from 11.9 μm in the base material to 4.2 μm in the stir zone, which resulted in an improvement in the mechanical properties of the stir zone. The joint interface between Monel 400 and Inconel 600 showed a relatively sound weld without grooves or cracks, and only a small amount of voids with a size of 0.5 μm; however, no intermetallic compounds were observed in the lap jointed interface. Moreover, the hook on the advancing side of Monel 400 was formed from Inconel 600, which contributed to maintenance of the tensile strength. The evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir lap jointed Monel 400 and Inconel 600 are also discussed herein.     

铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊搭接界面缺陷与接头性能

针对2A12–T4铝合金薄板进行了搅拌摩擦焊搭接试验,研究了焊接参数对缺陷形态与接头性能的影响规律. 结果表明,勾状缺陷具有更大的高度和弯曲角度,最大缺陷高度为上板厚度的12.7%. 随焊接速度增大,缺陷高度减小.随转速提高,勾状缺陷高度先增加后减小,冷搭接缺陷高度呈“V”形变化. 在950 r/min,200 mm/min下接头强度最高,接头系数可达84%. 维氏显微硬度分布呈“W”形,上板出现接头软化,焊核区下部硬度高于上部硬度. 冷搭接缺陷是影响接头性能的主要因素,由于有效搭接宽度较小,接头断裂方式为沿搭接面的剪切断裂.     

Effects of pin geometry on the material flow behavior of friction stir spot welded 2A12 aluminum alloy

A three dimensional finite volume model was established by the ANSYS FLUENT software to simulate the material flow behavior during the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process. Effects of the full-threaded pin and the reverse-threaded pin on the material flow behavior were mainly discussed. Results showed that the biggest material flow velocity appeared at the outer edge of the tool shoulder. The velocity value became smaller with the increase of the distance away from the tool surface. In general, material flows downwards along the pin thread when the full-threaded pin is used. Meanwhile, both the materials of the upper and the lower plates flow towards the lap interface along the pin thread when the reverse-threaded pin is used. The numerical simulation results were investigated by experiment, in which 2A12 aluminum alloy was used as the research object. The effective sheet thickness (EST) and stir zone (SZ) width of the joint by the reverse-threaded pin were much bigger than those by the full-threaded pin. Accordingly, cross tension failure load of the joint by the reverse-threaded pin is 23% bigger than the joint by the full-threaded pin.