自洽半经典方法与有限温度微观光学势I.实部

从扩展Skyrme力出发,利用自洽半经典(Scsc)方法确定了热核⁴⁰Ca和²⁰⁸Pb的核子密度ρ_q(q=n,p);由核物质近似及定域密度近似(LDA)推导了有限温度微观光学势的计算公式.利用这些公式及上述密度,具体计算了不同能量和温度下的核子-核光学势.这样得到的光学势是完全自洽和微观的,并且较完整地考虑了温度对光学势的影响.本文仅讨论光学势的实部.     

相同质量4N核间的半微观光学势

在LCNO理论框架下,基于独立α粒子模型和¹⁶O+¹⁶O系统的准分子态结构,计算得出了该系统的半微观光学势,使用该势满意地再现了¹⁶O+¹⁶O弹性散射激发函数中的粗共振结构.     

重离子深光学势和宇称相关作用

本文在核分子轨道理论和推广光学模型的框架下,通过对¹⁶O+²⁰Ne系统准分子态共振转动带的分析,讨论了重离子深光学势和宇称相关作用.使用深光学势加半微观的及唯象的宇称相关势重现了激发函数中呈现的共振结构和角分布后角反常振荡结构.     

16O+24Mg熔合激发函数和深光学势

基于重离子碰撞中势共振的考虑,在光学模型的框架下,使用深光学势研究了¹⁶O+²⁴Mg全熔合激发函数中所呈现的粗共振结构和弹性散射角分布后角振荡上升的现象,并与核分子轨道模型的计算结果作了比较,对产生粗共振结构的原因进行了讨论.     

反质子与核非弹性碰撞中的自旋效应

A(p,p)A*非弹性碰撞过程,若反质子的光学势包含了自旋轨道耦合势,它在碰撞过程中不但能激发正常宇称态,也能激发反常的宇称态,以及非弹性过程的极化度.本文在DWIA框架下导出了微分截面(dσ/dΩ)_f,i,极化度P(θ).并对入射能量为46.8MeV和179.7MeV ¹²C(p,p)¹²C*的2⁺,3^－和1⁺态微分截面、极化度进行严格的分波方法计算.计算与实验符合很好.由于反常宇称态的非弹过程已被测得,表明反质子光学势的自旋效应不容忽视.     

中能区反质子与原子核的弹性散射

运用实验的pN散射振幅和多次散射理论,在冲量近似下考虑反质子能量从180MeV至1800MeV的光学势,发现此能区反质子光学势的虚部强度在130—140MeV附近.用所获得的光学势,计算¹²C,²⁶O,⁴⁰Ca和²⁰⁸Pb等满壳层核在五个能量下的弹性散射微分截面.看到所用的光学势,在180MeV能很好地符合实验数值.本文还预示了此能区在各个核上的理论结果.     

反质子与原子核弹性散射的分析

用反质子与核的光学势分析了反质子入射能量为50MeV和180MeV时¹²C,^16,18O,⁴⁰Ca和²⁰⁸Pb核的弹性散射微分截面.讨论了反质子光学势是强吸收型的特点.从寻找最佳符合实验的光学势分析中发现:弥散参数a的可变性很小,且它随核的增大而增大.光学势的实部是一个浅位.光学势在核中的吸收系数趋于零,因此弹性散射主要发生在核的表面.     

较低能区质子与核弹性散射相对论性的研究

在能量低于300MeV的能区中讨论了含有罗仑兹不变性的相对论性光学势.并用严格的分波方法求解含有标量势和矢量势的Dirac方程.对质子在300—65MeV能区中与⁴⁰Ca核作计算并与弹性散射微分截面dσ/dΩ,分析本领A_y(θ)和自旋转动函数Q(θ)的实验结果比较.看到改进了的相对论性光学势与这些实验值符合甚好.     

17F和18Ne与质子的弹性散射角分布

采用逆运动学方法对放射性核束¹⁷F和¹⁸Ne与质子进行弹性散射实验,得到了实验测量微分截面.用较准确描述放射性核素性质的CH89参数化的光学势为初始光学势,用扭曲波玻恩近似的理论计算程序DWUCK4和自动参数搜索程序ABOD对实验数据进行光学势参数理论拟合,得到了与实验数据相符合的光学势参数.将得到的光学势参数进行分析,得到了17F和18Ne实势相互作用均方根半径分别为3.239fm和3.317fm.     

6Li与核弹性散射的微观光学势

从基本的Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock微观理论出发，得到同时包含实部和虚部的核子-核散射的微观光学势，并利用折叠模型直接获得了核-核散射参数无关的整体微观光学势.考虑到核-核散射去弹过程高级项的贡献和⁶Li的碎裂效应，在微观光学势的实部和虚部中引入了修正因子N_R，N_I.系统研究了入射粒子⁶Li与靶核¹²C，²⁸Si，相似文献   

氘-核微观光学势的自洽研究

从同一种Skyrme相互作用出发,利用Green函数的质量算符方法,推导了氘-核微观光学势的解析公式;利用半经典变分方法,确定了靶核的核子密度分布。然后,再利用上述计算公式和密度分布,系统地研究了在不同的氘核入射能量下²D+⁴⁰Ca,²D+⁶⁰Zr和²D+²⁰⁸Pb的光学势实部和虚部。这样得到的氘-核光学势是完全自洽和微观的。 关键词：     

Analysis of the normal optical,Michel and molecular potentials on the <Superscript>40</Superscript>Ca(<Superscript>6</Superscript>Li,d)<Superscript>44</Superscript> Ti reaction

Full finite-range (FFR) distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) method has been applied to analyse the angular distributions of cross-sections of the ⁴⁰Ca(⁶Li, d) ⁴⁴Ti reaction at 28 MeV incident energy for the 22 transitions involving both the bound and unbound states of ⁴⁴Ti by using the normal optical, Michel and molecular potentials. The extracted spectroscopic factors for the three optical potentials are compared with those of some previous studies of zero-range (ZR) calculations of the ⁴⁰Ca(⁶Li, d) ⁴⁴Ti reaction using the normal optical potential. The χ² values of all the levels are obtained for the three optical potentials to estimate the quality of the fits. Molecular and Michel potentials have been used for the first time to analyse the four-nucleon transfer reaction and it seems that the molecular potential fits the experimental data more satisfactorily for some of the states than the normal optical and Michel potentials.     

Antisymmetry and channel coupling contributions to the absorption for p+αd+3He

To understand recently established empirical p+α potentials, RGM calculations followed by inversion are made to study contributions of the d+³He reaction channels and deuteron distortion effects to the p+α potential. An equivalent study of the d+³He potential is also presented. The contributions of exchange non-locality to the absorption are simulated by including an phenomenological imaginary potential in the RGM. These effects alone strongly influence the shape of the imaginary potentials for both p+α and d+³He. The potentials local-equivalent to the fully antisymmetrised-coupled channels calculations have a significant parity-dependence in both real and imaginary components, which for p+α is qualitatively similar to that found empirically. The effects on the potentials of the further inclusion of deuteron distortion are also presented. The inclusion of a spin-orbit term in the RGM, adds additional terms to the phase-equivalent potential, most notably the comparatively large imaginary spin-orbit term found empirically.     

Calculating the characteristics of neutron-deuteron and proton-deuteron systems in a two-body potential model

³H and ³He nuclei are considered in a two-body model (³H = n + d; ³He = p + d). Two independent approaches are used: in the first, interaction is described by the folding potential, while NN potentials are taken in the Hulthen form with allowance for violations of isotopic invariance. The second approach features phenomenological Hulthen and Yukawa Nd potentials used as Nd interaction. In both approaches, the binding energies, vertex constants, and asymptotic normalization coefficients in the N+d channel are calculated.     

Consequences of weak absorption in light heavy-ion reactions: Molecular resonances and nuclear rainbows

In the elastic angular distributions of the systems composed of tightly bound α-nuclei, ¹²C+¹²C, ¹⁶O+¹⁶O and ¹⁶O+¹²C, the higher-order Airy minima are observed in the energy region between 5 and 10 MeV per nucleon. The obtained optical potentials are deeply attractive and with incomplete absorption. The same potentials successfully describe the lower-energy (molecular resonances) and the higher-energy (first Airy minimum) data.     

Examination of the <Superscript>16</Superscript>O + <Superscript>28</Superscript>Si system with microscopic and phenomenological potentials

The ¹⁶O + ²⁸Si reaction has been widely studied both experimentally and theoretically and has been claimed to show indications of chaotic scattering. In order to examine this claim and to address whether reaction models such as the optical one could explain the experimental data, we have analyzed the ¹⁶O + ²⁸Si system within the framework of the optical model for ten energies from 29.0 to 45.0 MeV, by using microscopic folded potentials, which are based on M3Y nucleon-nucleon, alpha-alpha effective interactions and a phenomenological shallow potential. All potentials describe the individual angular distributions very well at forward angles. However, they fail to describe the individual angular distributions over the whole angular range up to 180°. Nevertheless, we have been able to explain the experimental data by modifying the surface region of the microscopic real potentials by adding two surface potentials. With these correction potentials, we have obtained very good agreement for the individual angular distributions over the whole angular range for the given energies as well as for the experimental data near the Coulomb barrier. The failure of these optical potentials in explaining the scattering observables of this reaction without corrections puts a question mark on the model and supports the idea of a chaotic behavior. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Optical transitions of Eu2+ IONS in RbMgF3 crystals

Because of the need for tunable solid state lasers in the blue region of the spectrum, a number of recent studies have been on the optical properties of Eu²⁺ in various crystals lattices. The absorption and emission from Eu²⁺ ions in fluoride hosts arise from both 5d→4f and 4f→4f transitions. The absorption is in the ultra-violet and the emission is in the blue. The 4f-4f transitions are very sharp and are located around 360 nm. The 5d→4f emission bands at 405 nm and 525 nm are broad and host lattice dependent. We have studied the temperature dependence of the optical properties of RbMgF₃:Eu²⁺ including absorption, emission, and excitation. In the case of the emission studies both temperature dependence and the lifetimes of the transitions have been measured. These transitions are discussed in detail.     

Real part of the optical potential for composite particles

The optical potential for a composite particle is most simply approximated by the sum of the optical potentials of the constituent nucleons. Restricting ourselves to the real parts of the potentials we use this model as a first approximation in a calculation of the potentials for d, ³He, α and ¹²C. We add corrections for (i) the energy dependence of the nucleon potentials, (ii) three-body terms, (iii) the Pauli principle. All corrections can be important and that for the Pauli principle can be very large. We obtain a good explanation of the following phenomena: (a) the deuteron potential is nearly the sum of the neutron and proton potentials, (b) the potential for ³He is about 20 % less than the sum of the potentials of the nucleons in the ³He projectile, (c) the volume integral of the potential for ³He falls at both high and low energies in the energy range 20–100 MeV, (d) shallow potentials with large radii are found for low energy (30 MeV) scattering of α-particles, (e) deeper potentials are found for higher energy α-particle scattering. We predict shallow potentials for ¹²C scattering from light targets but deeper potentials for heavier targets.     

Coupled channels treatment of transfer reactions

Consistent coupled channels calculations, using folded optical potentials, are performed by iteration for the reactions ¹⁶O(d, d), ¹⁶O(d, p), and ¹⁷O(p, p). The kernel is greatly changes when the nonorthogonality of the channel wave functions is included. The non-orthogonality corrections tend to cancel the effects from higher-order processes except for ¹⁷O(p, p) where only higher-order processes are important. The use of folded potentials reduces both effects.     

Dirac-global fits to calcium elastic scattering data in the range 21-200 MeV

We present a global relativistic optical model for p+⁴⁰Ca consisting of Lorentz scalar and vector potentials parametrized as a function of energy. The shapes chosen are Woods-Saxons for the real potentials, and a linear combination of Woods-Saxons and derivative Woods-Saxons for the imaginary potentials.