鹅细小病毒VP2和VP3蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及验证

为筛选与鹅细小病毒VP2和VP3蛋白相互作用的鹅胚成纤维细胞蛋白,构建VP2和VP3蛋白的诱饵载体pGBKT7-VP2和pGBKT7-VP3。从pGEX-4T-VP1质粒中PCR扩增VP2和VP3基因,克隆至pMD-18T载体中,经测序验证鉴定后定向克隆到酵母双杂交载体pGBKT7中。将2个重组诱饵载体经PCR、酶切和测序验证后分别转化酵母菌H2YGold中,检测其在酵母细胞中有无自激活和毒性作用。结果表明:成功构建了pGBKT7-VP2和pGBKT7-VP3诱饵载体,且其对报告基因无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性。由此说明,诱饵载体pGBKT7-VP2和pGBKT7-VP3可用于酵母双杂交系统筛选与VP2和VP3蛋白相互作用的细胞结合蛋白。     

酵母双杂交诱饵蛋白日本血吸虫抱雌沟蛋白重组质粒的构建及鉴定

为筛选与血吸虫抱雌沟蛋白相互作用的因子,本研究以抱雌沟蛋白（gynecophoral canal protein ofSchistosoma japonicum,SjGCP）为诱饵蛋白构建了用于酵母双杂交筛选系统的重组质粒。根据日本血吸虫抱雌沟蛋白的基因序列设计引物,经过PCR扩增、酶切回收,与经相应酶切的线性化载体pBGKT7-BD连接构建重组质粒。随后将重组质粒pGBKT7-BD-SjGCP转化酵母菌株,测定融合蛋白BD-SjGCP在酵母菌中的自激活活性、对酵母菌生长的影响及在酵母中的表达情况。结果显示构建的重组诱饵蛋白质粒pGBKT7-BD-SjGCP能够在酵母细胞内正确表达,没有独自激活报告基因表达的活性,且其表达对酵母细胞没有毒性,不影响酵母细胞的生长。可见,重组质粒pGBKT7-BD-SjGCP可用于筛选与血吸虫抱雌沟蛋白相互作用的物质。     

小反刍兽疫病毒酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7-tH的构建、表达和鉴定

利用PCR技术扩增获得PPRV-tH基因片段,将其克隆至酵母双杂交系统诱饵载体pGBKT7中,经酶切、测序验证其正确插入后,将重组诱饵质粒转化酵母菌AH109中,检测其在酵母中有无渗漏、自我激活作用和毒性。利用Western blotting分析诱饵蛋白在酵母中的表达情况,以鉴定其作为诱饵蛋白的可行性。结果表明,成功扩增到了PPRV-tH,并正确构建了pGBKT7-tH诱饵表达载体,此载体在酵母细胞AH109中无毒性、渗漏和自我激活能力,且能正确表达tH蛋白。     

利用酵母双杂交系统筛选TRADD的互作牛分枝杆菌蛋白

为研究牛分枝杆菌抑制肿瘤坏死因子介导的细胞凋亡来逃避宿主免疫反应的机制,本试验采用酵母双杂交系统在牛分枝杆菌中筛选可与肿瘤坏死因子受体1相关死亡域蛋白（TRADD）相互作用的蛋白。通过限制性内切酶Sau3AⅠ部分消化牛分枝杆菌基因组,回收片段随机插入pGADT7载体中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,构建牛分枝杆菌基因组文库。PCR扩增人tradd基因,将扩增产物克隆于pGBKT7载体上,构建重组诱饵质粒pGBKT7-tradd,转化酵母菌Y2HGold。用诱饵质粒pGBKT7-tradd对牛分枝杆菌基因组文库进行筛选,以获得与TRADD互作的阳性候选克隆;提取阳性候选克隆中的质粒,经测序和同源性比对分析,获得与TRADD互作的牛分枝杆菌蛋白的生物学信息。结果显示,构建的文库滴度为2×10⁶ CFU,平均插入片段在1.5 kb左右,文库重组率>95%。经Western blotting验证,诱饵质粒pGBKT7-tradd可在酵母菌中表达诱饵蛋白TRADD,且TRADD的表达对酵母菌无毒性,不会在酵母菌中自激活。应用酵母双杂交系统初步筛选出20个与TRADD互作的阳性克隆,经复筛、测序和BLAST对比,最终发现7个基因序列。本研究应用酵母双杂交技术成功筛选到7个与TRADD互作的牛分枝杆菌蛋白,为进一步研究牛分枝杆菌对细胞凋亡的抑制机制提供线索。     

环形泰勒虫TRAP-A蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵质粒的构建与鉴定

为了筛选出环形泰勒虫TRAP蛋白在虫体入侵媒介蜱唾液腺过程中相互作用蜱源蛋白,构建了能够用于酵母双杂交筛选系统的重组诱饵质粒pGBKT7-TRAP-A。本研究以环形泰勒虫裂殖体为材料,根据环形泰勒虫TRAP-A结构域的基因序列设计引物,经过PCR扩增获得576 bp的基因片段,将其连接到线性化载体pGBKT7上。经双酶切鉴定和序列分析以及重组诱饵质粒在酵母双杂交系统中的自激活、细胞毒性及其表达情况检测,结果显示,本研究成功构建了酵母双杂交重组诱饵质粒pGBKT7-TRAP-A,构建的诱饵质粒对Y2HGold酵母菌无自激活活性和细胞毒性,且构建的诱饵质粒pGBKT7-TRAP-A可以在Y2HGold酵母菌内正确表达。表明所构建的诱饵质粒pGBKT7-TRAP-A可以用于筛选小亚璃眼蜱唾液腺酵母双杂交c DNA文库,获得可能与环形泰勒虫TRAP-A蛋白相互作用的蜱源蛋白。     

酵母双杂交筛选与呼肠孤病毒σ1、σ1S互作宿主蛋白

提取猪肠上皮细胞IPEC-1的总RNA,构建了IPEC-1的靶标cDNA文库。随机挑取文库克隆子进行PCR扩增,发现插入片段长度为200～1 500bp,文库的重组率为100%。以猪源呼肠孤病毒GD-1株S1基因节段为模板,通过PCR扩增,定向克隆构建诱饵载体pGBKT7-S1、pGBKT7-S1s。通过菌落PCR和测序验证的质粒被转化至酵母菌株Y2H Gold,诱饵载体pGBKT7-S1、pGBKT7-S1s均能在酵母细胞中正确表达出对应的σ1和σ1S蛋白,且无自激活活性,对酵母细胞无毒性,满足文库筛选实验的要求。将含有pGBKT7-S1、pGBKT7-S1s的酵母菌株Y2H Gold分别与靶标cDNA文库菌株Y187进行杂交,筛选、验证、测序后得到13个与σ1、6个与σ1S相互作用的宿主蛋白,其中的1个蛋白与σ1、σ1S同时存在相互作用。本试验成功构建了适用于研究肠道细菌、病毒作用机制的猪肠上皮细胞IPEC-1cDNA文库,筛选出18个与猪呼肠孤病毒σ1或σ1S的互作蛋白,为研究呼肠孤病毒与宿主相互作用,以及鉴定疾病控制的新靶标提供了线索。     

利用酵母双杂交系统筛选TRADD的互作牛分枝杆菌蛋白

为研究牛分枝杆菌抑制肿瘤坏死因子介导的细胞凋亡来逃避宿主免疫反应的机制,本试验采用酵母双杂交系统在牛分枝杆菌中筛选可与肿瘤坏死因子受体1相关死亡域蛋白(TRADD)相互作用的蛋白。通过限制性内切酶Sau3AⅠ部分消化牛分枝杆菌基因组,回收片段随机插入pGADT7载体中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,构建牛分枝杆菌基因组文库。PCR扩增人tradd基因,将扩增产物克隆于pGBKT7载体上,构建重组诱饵质粒pGBKT7-tradd,转化酵母菌Y2HGold。用诱饵质粒pGBKT7-tradd对牛分枝杆菌基因组文库进行筛选,以获得与TRADD互作的阳性候选克隆;提取阳性候选克隆中的质粒,经测序和同源性比对分析,获得与TRADD互作的牛分枝杆菌蛋白的生物学信息。结果显示,构建的文库滴度为2×10~6 CFU,平均插入片段在1.5kb左右,文库重组率95%。经Western blotting验证,诱饵质粒pGBKT7-tradd可在酵母菌中表达诱饵蛋白TRADD,且TRADD的表达对酵母菌无毒性,不会在酵母菌中自激活。应用酵母双杂交系统初步筛选出20个与TRADD互作的阳性克隆,经复筛、测序和BLAST对比,最终发现7个基因序列。本研究应用酵母双杂交技术成功筛选到7个与TRADD互作的牛分枝杆菌蛋白,为进一步研究牛分枝杆菌对细胞凋亡的抑制机制提供线索。     

酵母双杂交筛选与牛病毒性腹泻病毒NS4B互作的宿主蛋白

为探究NS4B蛋白在牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV)感染和复制过程中的作用，利用酵母双杂交(yeast two hybrid, Y2H)技术筛选与BVDV NS4B蛋白互作的宿主细胞蛋白质。以构建的BVDV NS4B重组质粒pGBKT7-NS4B作为诱饵质粒，采用酵母双杂交技术，与牛肾细胞MDBK-cDNA文库进行杂交。将获得的阳性克隆菌落经质粒抽提、测序分析和免疫共沉淀试验，确定可与NS4B互作的宿主细胞蛋白。结果表明，成功构建了诱饵质粒pGBKT7-NS4B,该质粒可在酵母菌中表达NS4B蛋白。采用酵母双杂交技术从牛肾细胞基因组文库获得14个阳性克隆，阳性克隆经测序、互补试验、免疫共沉淀验证后明确可与BVDV NS4B蛋白互作的宿主蛋白为SYNGR2和RABACI。上述研究为进一步研究BVDV NS4B蛋白在BVDV感染和复制中的作用机制奠定了理论基础。     

基于酵母双杂交技术的绒山羊波形蛋白互作蛋白鉴定

为进一步探索波形蛋白(vimentin)调控绒山羊绒毛生长的作用机制,以内蒙古遗传种子资源阿尔巴斯白绒山羊皮肤中的毛囊组织为材料,利用PCR技术和酵母双杂交技术对根据GenBank中山羊的vimentin蛋白序列,运用蛋白质互作在线软件预测和液相色谱质谱联用采集免疫共沉淀数据筛选出肌动蛋白(ACTB)和vimentin进行基因引物设计、克隆、酵母表达载体构建和蛋白互作鉴定。结果显示:成功克隆出绒山羊vimentin基因CDS区序列的长度为1 401 bp, ACTB基因CDS区序列的长度为1 128 bp;构建了酵母表达载体;试验组共转化pGBKT7-vimentin与pGADT7-ACTB的Y2HGold菌株在二缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基和四缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基上,均能生长出淡蓝色菌落,而在对照组共转化pGBKT7空质粒与pGADT7-ACTB重组质粒的二缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基上长出白色菌落,表明共转化的pGBKT7-vimentin与pGADT-ACTB重组质粒的下游报告基因Lac被激活,共转化pGBKT7空质粒与pGADT7-ACTB重组质粒的下游报告基因Lac未被激活。提示:vimentin与ACTB两种蛋白间存在相互作用。     

基于酵母双杂交技术的绒山羊波形蛋白互作蛋白鉴定

为进一步探索波形蛋白(vimentin)调控绒山羊绒毛生长的作用机制,以内蒙古遗传种子资源阿尔巴斯白绒山羊皮肤中的毛囊组织为材料,利用PCR技术和酵母双杂交技术对根据GenBank中山羊的vimentin蛋白序列,运用蛋白质互作在线软件预测和液相色谱质谱联用采集免疫共沉淀数据筛选出肌动蛋白(ACTB)和vimentin进行基因引物设计、克隆、酵母表达载体构建和蛋白互作鉴定。结果显示:成功克隆出绒山羊vimentin基因CDS区序列的长度为1 401 bp, ACTB基因CDS区序列的长度为1 128 bp;构建了酵母表达载体;试验组共转化pGBKT7-vimentin与pGADT7-ACTB的Y2HGold菌株在二缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基和四缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基上,均能生长出淡蓝色菌落,而在对照组共转化pGBKT7空质粒与pGADT7-ACTB重组质粒的二缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基上长出白色菌落,表明共转化的pGBKT7-vimentin与pGADT-ACTB重组质粒的下游报告基因Lac被激活,共转化pGBKT7空质粒与pGADT7-ACTB重组质粒的下游报告基因Lac未被激活。提示:vimentin与ACTB两种蛋白间存在相互作用。     

Ruminal protein degradation and protein value of feeds

The relationship between dry matter (DM) degradation and crude protein (CP) degradation in the dairy cow's rumen was determined with a view to defining the protein value of feeds for ruminants. The nylon bag technique was applied for these studies. For all the feeds investigate (green fodder and preserves from cocks-foot, ryegrass, alfalfa/grass and meadow grass, as well as alfalfa, extracted soybean meal) a significantly positive relationship was found to exist between the levels of DM and CP degradation (r = 0.73 to 1.0). The regression coefficient b1 (CP degradation as regressor) was found to average 0.87. The positive relationship between DM degradation and CP degradation implies that microbial protein amount and unfermented feed protein at the duodenum are negatively correlated. Model calculations show that, on account of the compensation between microbial protein and feed protein at the duodenum, in feeds with a CP concentration below 200 g/kg DM, the extent of ruminal protein degradation does not exert a marked influence on duodenal protein passage. The partial calculation of the duodenal protein supply on the basis of undegraded feed protein and microbial protein, as practiced in the new models of protein evaluation, leads to systematic errors unless the relationship between DM degradation and CP degradation is considered.     

Hypolipidaemic effects of potato protein and fish protein in pigs

This study was performed to assess the effects of potato protein and fish protein on concentrations of lipids in plasma and lipoproteins and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in pigs used as an animal model. Therefore, 27 young male pigs with an average body weight of 22 kg were fed diets supplemented with protein extracted from potatoes (containing 849 g protein/kg dry matter), Alaska Pollack fillet as a source of fish protein (containing 926 g crude protein/kg dry matter) or casein which was used as control, for 3 weeks. Diets were formulated to supply identical amounts of each protein to the pigs by the three protein sources, namely 116 g/day in first week and 150 g/day in the second and third week. Pigs fed potato protein had lower concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and LDL than pigs fed casein (p < 0.05); no effect was observed on concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Pigs fed fish protein had lower cholesterol concentrations in plasma, LDL and HDL, and lower triglyceride concentrations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins than pigs fed casein (p < 0.05). mRNA concentrations of genes involved in bile acid synthesis and cholesterol uptake were higher in pigs fed fish protein than in pigs fed casein (p < 0.05); no effect on these genes was observed in pigs fed potato protein. Expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation was not altered by fish protein. In conclusion, this study shows that fish protein and potato protein lower plasma cholesterol concentrations in pigs. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of fish protein might be in part caused by a stimulation of bile acid synthesis; the reason for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of potato protein requires further elucidation.     

Influence of dietary protein intake on whole-body protein turnover in chicks

1. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not varying dietary protein intake affects whole-body protein turnover rates in young chicks. 2. Seven-d-old single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed on diets with protein concentrations of 0, 100, 200 or 400 g/kg diet under conditions of ad libitum or equalised feeding. At the end of the experiments, the rate of protein synthesis and protein degradation in the whole body were measured in vivo. 3. The results showed that both fractional and absolute rates of protein synthesis increased with increasing dietary protein up to 200 g/kg; above this concentration they remained almost constant when feeding was ad libitum. 4. Similar responses were found with equalized feeding except that a significant reduction in protein synthesis was found when dietary protein was increased from 200 to 400 g/kg diet. 5. Less sensitive and almost parallel changes in protein degradation rates were found. 6. It was concluded that adaptation to varied dietary protein intake occurred primarily through changes in protein synthesis, accompanied by parallel alterations in protein degradation in the whole body.     

Adaptation of protein oxidation to protein intake in the domestic cat

It is well-accepted that cats require more dietary protein than omnivores and herbivores. Work on hepatic enzyme activities showed that cats lack the ability to regulate the urea cycle enzymes in response to the dietary supply of protein. It was thus hypothesized that the high protein requirement of cats is due to an inability to regulate these enzymes, limiting adaptation to a low protein diet. We used indirect respiration calorimetry to assess the in vivo ability of cats to adapt substrate oxidation to different levels of dietary protein, including one below their protein requirement. In random order, eight cats consumed each of four semi-purified diets containing 7.7% (LP), 14.6% (AP), 27.3% (MP) and 51.1% (HP) of ME from protein. Cats consumed each diet for at least 14 days and then completed a 5-day nitrogen balance trial and at least 2, 12-hour indirect calorimetry measurements. The data were analyzed by anova using the Mixed procedure of SAS and are expressed as mean ± SEM. There was a significant effect of diet on protein oxidation (p < 0.0001), measuring 9.8 ± 0.5%, 13.4 ± 0.9%, 23.5 ± 0.8% and 49.0 ± 1.8% of total energy expenditure on the LP, AP, MP and HP diets, respectively. The ratio of protein oxidation/protein intake was significantly higher with the LP diet (1.27 ± 0.07) than the other three diets (AP, 0.92 ± 0.06; MP, 0.86 ± 0.03; HP, 0.96 ± 0.04; p < 0.0001), indicating a net loss of protein on the LP diet. Thus, cats adapted to a wide range of dietary protein concentrations, but were unable to fully adapt to the LP diet.     

大豆浓缩蛋白是乳猪饲料的优势蛋白源

乳猪能否顺利断奶是养猪业成功的关键.乳猪消化系统的发育尚未完善,需要易消化、质量高的蛋白原料.因此,高质量、易消化的乳蛋白和血浆蛋白等常被用作乳猪开食料的蛋白原料.