HL-2A装置第一壁石墨组件研究

HL-2A装置的第一壁由石墨构件、Cu偏滤器靶板和AISI 304LN不锈钢真空室内壁组成。石墨构件总重量为44kg,覆盏面积为2．80,覆盖率为2．2％。由于HL-2A装置所用石墨件材料均为历经长期托卡马克实验和长期暴露大气的石墨材料,因此石墨构件的处理效果显得更为重要。介绍了EK98、SMF-800石墨材料、ASDEX装置用CFC、国产CFC的研究结果和HL-2A装置第一壁石墨材料预处理及其结果。     

涂锆石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法测定水样中的有机锡和无机锡

本文用涂锆石墨管石墨原子吸收光谱法直接进样测定了样品中总锡含量,用氢化物发生－有机溶剂萃取石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了样品中有机锡,并通过差减法求得无机锡含量,无机锡和有机锡的测定检测限分别为２７ｐｇ和５８ｐｇ,精工为２．０４％和２．１３％,该方法可用于不同水样中有机和无机锡的测定,回收率在９０．５％－９８．５％之间。     

钯－抗坏血酸基体改进剂平台石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定贻贝标样中的砷

本实验建立了钯－抗坏血酸基体改进剂平台石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定贻贝中砷的方法。研究了基体改进剂氯化钯、抗坏血酸用量对测定的影响，比较了氯化钯－抗坏血酸、氯化钯、硝酸镍三种基体改进剂及平台石墨管、普通石墨管在测定贻贝中砷的灵敏度。方法的相对标准偏差为３．２％，回收率在９７．８％—１０７．４％之间，检出限为１２．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ。     

钯—抗坏血酸基体改进剂平台石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定贻贝标样中的砷

本实验建立了钯－抗坏血酸基体改进剂平台石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定贻贝中砷的方法。研究了基体改进剂氯化钯、抗坏血酸用量对测定的影响，比较了氯化钯－抗坏血酸、氯化钯、硝酸镍三种基体改进剂及平台石墨管、普通石墨管在测定贻贝中砷的灵敏度。方法的相对标准偏差为３．２％，回收率在９７．８％－１０７．４％之间，检出限为１２．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定玉米中镉

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收法测定玉米中镉的方法。用聚四氟乙烯高压消化弹溶解样品，用金属钯做基体改进剂和李沃夫平台石墨管提高方法的灵敏度。用本法测定镉的检出限为０．１２ｐｐｂ，相对标准偏差为２．６６％（ｎ＝１１），方法的回收率为９７％－１０５％之间。     

石墨管涂覆-塞曼效应石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤和沉积物中钡

样品使用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸湿法消解,在0.015 mol·L-1硝酸介质中,采用自制涂钨石墨管,塞曼效应背景校正技术石墨炉原子吸收法测定了土壤和沉积物中的钡。经涂钨处理的石墨管表面形成了稳定的碳化钨层,有效避免了在原子化过程中待测元素钡与石墨管直接接触形成难熔碳化物,大幅度提高了检测的灵敏度和精密度,显著延长了石墨管使用寿命。碳化钨为间充型碳化物,在高温下可以产生较强的还原性氛围,可在一定程度上避免土壤和沉积物中常见的高浓度基体成分在原子化阶段生成难熔的氧化物而干扰钡的测定。氢氧化钙分子带背景干扰可以通过稀释法消除。该法测定土壤和沉积物中钡操作简便, 快速;检出限为4.2×10-10 g·g-1。环境样品中钡测定的相对标准偏差范围为2.0％～6.5％, 测定标准土壤的相对偏差均小于5％。     

流动注射氢化物石墨炉法测定鱼,香梨中的痕量汞

将流动注射仪与石墨炉进样装置联用，实现了汞的氢化物石墨炉测定。选择的最佳测定条件为涂金或涂钯普通石墨管，３ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ－０．３％ＫＢＨ４、载气流速９０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ、测定时关闭石墨炉内气流，富集温度１５０℃，原子化温度７００℃。其特征质量为３４ｐｇ／０．００４４Ａ     

米面悬浮进样平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定铍

本文阐述了用平台石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定米和面中铍的方法，用自制的石墨平台安装于石墨炉中热解石墨管内。并对分析最佳条件进行了探讨，方法的线性范围为0－10ng/mL，灵敏度为1.9pg/0.0044A。用于分析实际样品，回收率为96.0%－100.0%，检出限（3SD）为1.4pg，RSD2.9％－5.0%。     

石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定固体样品中痕量钴

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定固体样品中痕量钴,该方法无须对样品进行干法或湿法消解,将固体样品研磨后,过200目筛,加入0．15％琼脂溶液,均匀悬浮,由石墨炉自动进样测定,本法准确,简单,无玷污,无损失,回收率为90－96％。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定中药漏芦中微量镉的研究

本文提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）测定中药漏芦中微量镉的方法,对基体改进剂及其用量进行了选择试验,对石墨炉工作条件进行了优化,对共存离子的影响进行了考察,在优化实验条件下,方法的检出限为0．06ng.mL^-1,精密度（RSD）为2．43％,试样加入回收率为97－105％。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.