稀土元素对崇仁麻鸡生长发育的影响

为了探讨稀土元素对家禽生长发育的影响，用稀土作添加剂对崇仁麻鸡进行饲养实验研究。实验采用对照法，饲养时间８周。结果表明，较低剂量的稀土添加剂能促进鸡的生长发育。     

多氯联苯鸡胚肝细胞生物活性非单调剂量-响应关系的QSARs研究

毒理学研究发现,环境内分泌干扰物（EDCs）在低于无可见效应浓度（NOAEL）时可诱发更强的生物学效应,导致剂量效应曲线背离了经典毒理学理论而呈现U型或倒U型．在此种情况下,毒理研究中普遍采用的半数效应质量,浓度等活性指标不再唯一,给定量结构活性相关（QSARs）方法的应用造成困难．多氯联苯（PCBs）作为典型环境内分泌干扰物,在诱导鸡胚肝细胞EROD酶活性中呈现特殊非单调剂量一响应关系,在高低剂量范围内毒理机制存在差异,因此如何应用QSARs方法研究不同剂量段的毒性效应是本文主要解决的问题．为探索其可能的生化机制,本文利用Chemoffice软件内置的AM1半经验量子化学方法对多氯联苯化合物进行能量优化,建立结构描述符库;并在DELL Precision370工作站上,采用SYBYL 7．0（Tripos,Inc．Co）中的Flexx模块分别对39种PCBs和芳烃受体相似蛋白FixL进行分子对接,成功模拟不同结构类型PCBs的结合模式并获得PCBs和芳烃受体相互作用结合能．基于多元线性回归分析分别建立了高低剂量下PCBs对鸡胚肝细胞EROD活性影响的QSAR模型,在此基础上推测低剂量下11种PCBs主要通过芳烃受体介导发挥其对鸡胚肝细胞细胞色素P4501A正常生理功能的干扰效应,而高剂量下PCBs对鸡胚肝细胞产生急性毒性．究其可能的原因是处于低剂量的PCBs与特定受体结合作用起到主导地位;随剂量增加,细胞内的反馈调节作用使得EROD趋势减缓;而在剂量升高到一定程度,表现出一定反应性急性毒性机制,从而对鸡胚肝细胞的结构与功能产生损伤．     

稀土元素镧,铽,镱在雏鸡中的分布及其生物效应

将不同剂量的Ｌａ、Ｔｂ和Ｙｂ的ＥＤＴＡ络合物注入种蛋，研究了育成雏鸡的畸变和稀土在脏器组织中的分布，提出胚胎对稀土敏感。     

稀土杂多配合物的抗流感病毒活性

采用鸡胚实验法，对几种稀土杂多配合物进行了鸡胚毒性及抗Ａ３型流感病毒活性研究。在对鸡胚无毒情况下，稀土杂多配合物对Ａ３型流感病毒具有直接灭活作用，双十一钨硼镨钾盐Ｋ１５［Ｐｒ（ＢＷ１１Ｏ３９）２］·１５Ｈ２Ｏ对Ａ３型流感病毒的抑制率高达９０％，抗病指数为６９，明显高于阳性对照药物病毒唑的抑制效果。     

稀土氟化物复合添加剂在钢中作用的研究

在实验室规模上研究了钢中稀土氟化物复合添加剂处理工艺、作用机理及影响因素,提出添加剂在钢中作用的主要途径及最佳配比为:REF_3 42％;CaO 33％;SiCa 25％。REF_3加入量为0.5％～0.6％。     

稀土对耐侯钢中非金属夹杂物的影响

通过金相光学显微镜、图像分析仪和扫描电镜及能谱仪对现场耐候钢板坯和洁净度较好的两组试验耐候钢板坯进行分析观察,采用非水电解分离夹杂 ICP方法分析钢中固溶稀土含量.从而从稀土变质夹杂的角度研究得出在不同的氧、硫含量下稀土的最佳最经济加入量及稀土的最佳含量对非金属夹杂物的影响.     

稀土元素日允许摄入量与农用安全性探讨

稀土农用是我国独立开创的稀土应用领域,30年来,取得了巨大的经济效益。然而,作为元素周期表中第ⅢB主族的重金属,稀土元素不是动植物的必需微量元素,其生理效应的机制还不清楚,稀土农用的安全性问题一直受到密切的关注。本文从稀土元素分析方法与人均总膳食摄入量、稀土元素毒理实验方法与日允许摄入量、稀土农用对土壤中稀土元素含量和化学形态的影响、以及稀土农用对食物中稀土元素含量影响的4个方面,对文献报道作了分析、整理和评定,结论是只要对使用的范围、剂量及施用方式进行限制,稀土农用是一种安全的农业增产方式。     

单一稀土Ce, La和混合稀土在工业纯铝中的作用

通过对比实验的方法，研究了稀土Ce，La和混合稀土对工业纯铝组织、电性能和机械性能的影响。结果表明：单一稀土La，Ce可降低工业纯铝的电阻率，提高工业纯铝的导电性，其中La的效果优于Ce．而混合稀土对电阻率几乎无影响；La，Ce和混合稀土均能减小工业纯铝的晶粒度，在其加入量为0．1％后细化效果明显，当其含量大于0．5％后细化效果趋于平缓，其中Ce的效果最佳，La次之，混合稀土最弱；单一稀土La，Ce在一定含量时可提高工业纯铝的σb6和δ，Ce的作用强于La，混合稀土对σb和δ的影响不明显。     

稀土在洁净BNbRE重轨钢中的作用机制

通过实验测定、金相观察和理论分析, 系统研究了稀土在洁净BNbRE重轨钢中的赋存状态和存量的变化规律, 以及其对钢的硫化物夹杂、微观组织及性能的影响作用机制. 研究发现, 在钢洁净度大幅度提高的条件下, 稀土在钢中的作用机制有所变化, 微量的稀土起到实现净化钢液、变质夹杂物和微合金化作用, 而且作用效果非常稳定. 随着钢洁净度的提高, 稀土加入量可以适当降低. 在本实验条件下, 洁净BNbRE重轨钢的稀土最佳加入量为～0.01%, 此时洁净BNbRE重轨钢的塑性和冲击韧度得到显著改善.     

稀土对60CrMnMo热轧辊钢夹杂物形态的影响

采用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对不同稀土加入量的60CrMnMo热轧辊钢夹杂物的大小、变形系数和数量进行了研究。实验结果表明:60CrMnMo钢中加入稀土后,大颗粒的夹杂物明显减少;长条状的硫化锰被等轴状的稀土硫化物所代替;当稀土加入量在0.01wt％～0.05wt％时,夹杂物的数量最少;加入量超过0.10wt％后,夹杂物数量略有增加,即稀土加入量过多,反而会增加钢中夹杂物的数量。     

胎儿和儿童骨中稀土元素与微量元素分析及其生物信息

中子活化法分析了多例胎儿骨，儿童骨和猪脚骨中稀土元素，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析了多例胎儿骨中微量元素并讨论了稀土元素透过胎盘屏障进入胎儿人和儿童进行中的累积情况。     

银菊珍珠胶囊中稀土元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱分析

建立了一种电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定银菊珍珠胶囊中稀土元素的方法。利用该方法分析了国家一级灌木枝叶标准物质（GBW 07603）和国际柑橘叶标准物质（NIST1572）中的稀土元素,结果与标准值一致。该方法已被用于分析银菊珍珠肢囊样品中的稀土元素。     

微波溶样ICP-MS直接测定茶叶中15种痕量稀土元素

本文报道用ＨＮＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ２微波溶样，不经分离富集，用标准加入ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法，直接测定茶叶中１５种痕量稀土元素．对微波溶样和等离子体质谱测定条件进行了优化选择．在最佳实验条件下，用本法测定了国家一级茶叶标准物质ＧＢＷ０７６０５中的单一稀土元素，测得值与标准值很好吻合     

Polymer monolithic capillary microextraction combined on‐line with inductively coupled plasma MS for the determination of trace rare earth elements in biological samples

A rapid and sensitive method based on polymer monolithic capillary microextraction combined on‐line with microconcentric nebulization inductively coupled plasma MS has been developed for the determination of trace/ultratrace rare earth elements in biological samples. For this purpose, the iminodiacetic acid modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) monolithic capillary was prepared and characterized by SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as sample pH, sample flow rate, sample/eluent volume, and coexisting ions were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the LODs for rare earth elements were in the range of 0.08 (Er) to 0.97 ng/L (Nd) with a sampling frequency of 8.5 h^?1, and the RSDs were between 1.5% (Sm) and 7.4% (Nd) (c = 20 ng/L, n = 7). The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of trace/ultratrace rare earth elements in human urine and serum samples, and the recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 82–105%. The developed method was simple, rapid, sensitive, and favorable for the analysis of trace/ultratrace rare earth elements in biological samples with limited sample volume.     

Use of chelating resins and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of trace and major elements in small volumes of saline water samples

For some saline environments (e.g. deeply percolating groundwater, interstitial water in marine sediments, water sample collected after several steps of fractionation) the volume of water sample available is limited. A technique is presented which enables simultaneous determination of major and trace elements after preconcentration of only 60 mL sample on chelating resins. Chelex-100 and Chelamine were used for the preconcentration of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sc) and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Yb) from saline water before their measurement by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Retention of the major elements (Na, Ca, Mg) by the Chelamine resin was lower than by Chelex; this enabled their direct measurement in the solution after passage through the resin column. For trace metal recoveries both resins yield the same mass balance. Only Chelex resin enabled the quantitative recovery of rare earth elements. The major elements, trace metals and rare earth elements cannot be measured after passage through one resin only. The protocol proposes the initial use of Chelamine for measurement of trace and major elements and then passage the same sample through the Chelex resin for determination of the rare earth elements. The detection limit ranged from 1 to 12 pg mL^–1. At concentrations of 1 ng mL^–1 of trace metals and REE spiked in coastal water the precision for 10 replicates was in the range of 0.3–3.4% (RSD). The accuracy of the method was demonstrated by analyzing two standard reference waters, SLRS-3 and CASS-3.     

Use of chelating resins and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of trace and major elements in small volumes of saline water samples

For some saline environments (e.g. deeply percolating groundwater, interstitial water in marine sediments, water sample collected after several steps of fractionation) the volume of water sample available is limited. A technique is presented which enables simultaneous determination of major and trace elements after preconcentration of only 60 mL sample on chelating resins. Chelex-100 and Chelamine were used for the preconcentration of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sc) and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Yb) from saline water before their measurement by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Retention of the major elements (Na, Ca, Mg) by the Chelamine resin was lower than by Chelex; this enabled their direct measurement in the solution after passage through the resin column. For trace metal recoveries both resins yield the same mass balance. Only Chelex resin enabled the quantitative recovery of rare earth elements. The major elements, trace metals and rare earth elements cannot be measured after passage through one resin only. The protocol proposes the initial use of Chelamine for measurement of trace and major elements and then passage the same sample through the Chelex resin for determination of the rare earth elements. The detection limit ranged from 1 to 12 pg mL(-1). At concentrations of 1 ng mL(-1) of trace metals and REE spiked in coastal water the precision for 10 replicates was in the range of 0.3-3.4% (RSD). The accuracy of the method was demonstrated by analyzing two standard reference waters, SLRS-3 and CASS-3.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱研究洪湖湿地沉积柱中元素纵向分布

采集洪湖湿地两个具有代表性的湖底沉积柱进行对比,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）考察了沉积柱中微量元素及稀土元素的纵向分布特征。不同簇类的微量元素在两个沉积柱中呈现不同的纵向分布特征,微量元素富集层位存在明显的差异,表明沉积柱中微量元素的富集与沉积环境相关,直接受长江水流和交换影响的沉积柱（S1）比受洪湖湿地自身演变影响的沉积柱（S2）有更接近表层的富集层位。两个沉积柱纵向的稀土元素配分曲线呈现相似的分布特性,但分散程度不同,表明其具有相同的物源、不同的沉积环境。沉积柱中微量元素及稀土元素的纵向分布特征可以直接记录人类现代工农业活动对洪湖湿地的影响。     

Sm-La二元稀土对铅基板栅材料显微结构和电化学性能的影响

为提高铅酸蓄电池板栅材料的性能,在Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金中添加了Sm-La二元稀土元素,研究其含量对显微结构和电化学性能的影响。利用金相和循环伏安、线性扫描、阻抗-电位、电化学阻抗谱等电化学测试方法对板栅性能进行了表征。结果表明:Sm-La稀土元素的加入促进合金晶粒细化,随其含量的增加,析出物颗粒变小并弥散分布。与添加Sm的合金相比,复合添加Sm-La的材料具有更低的析氢电位,改善了深放电时铅合金上所形成的阳极Pb(II)膜的阻抗特性,表现出良好的性能。     

稀土精矿检测方法

综述了近年来稀土精矿中稀土总量、15种稀土氧化物配分量以及非稀土杂质含量分析测定的国家标准以及最新方法。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法精密度高,检测速度快,为测定稀土精矿中稀土总量的常用方法。电感耦合等离子体质谱法不受基体干扰,更适用于痕量和超痕量稀土元素含量的测定,满足中、重稀土精矿的测定需求。分光光度法测定稀土精矿中非稀土杂质Th,Ti含量准确度高。对稀土精矿分析检测发展趋势进行了展望。     

Determination of trace amounts of rare earth and other elements in rice samples by ICP-AES with sample introduction by tungsten-coil electrothermal vaporization

Summary A device with tungsten-coil electrothermal vaporization for sample introduction into ICP has been proposed. It was applied to the determination of trace amounts of rare earth and other elements in rice samples. Several influencing factors were investigated in detail, such as drying and vaporization parameters, carrier gas flow rate, volume of vaporization chamber and matrix effects. Under optimal experimental conditions, the detection limits for Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and eight rare earth elements are of the order of 10⁻⁹−10⁻¹¹ g. The detection limits for the rare earth elements tested by the present method are comparable to and, in most instances, exceed those for the GFAAS and conventional pneumatic nebulisation-ICP-AES. A precision with RSD<6% was obtained.