Study of various ground state decay mechanisms of Actinide nuclei

The special property of the actinide mass region is that nuclei belonging to this group are radioactive and undergo different ground state processes,such as alpha decay,cluster radioactivity(CR),heavy particle radioactivity(HPR),and spontaneous fission(SF).In this study,the probable radioactive decay modes of the heavy mass region(Z=89-102) are studied within the framework of the preformed cluster model(PCM).In the PCM,the radioactive decay modes are explored in terms of the preforamation probab...     

Outline of the progress in the study of radioactive nuclear physics and super-heavy nuclei

We briefly introduce the current status and progress in the field of radioactive ion beam physics and the study of super-heavy nuclei. Some important problems and research directions are outlined, such as the sub-barrier fusion reaction, the direct reaction at Fermi energy and high energies, the property of nuclei at drip-lines, new magic numbers and new collective motion modes for unstable nuclei     

Images of triple gas electron multiplier with pixel-pads

Testing of a triple gas electron multiplier (GEM) with pixel-pads is described. Images by scanning and suspending radioactive sources were obtained by using 96 channels digital data acquisition (DAQ) system which was composed of 96 8× 8~mm² pads and associated electronics channels.     

通过中高能碎裂反应研究奇异核的结构

绍了中高能放射性核素碎裂反应实验的主要物理机制, 相应的实验探测装置, 以及从中可得到的放射性核素结构的信息, 提出可能的发展, 力求为兰州CSR上的外靶物理实验提供参考。 The main mechanism of radioactive nucleus reaction at intermediate and high energy as well as the corresponding experiment equipment are introduced. The structure information of the radioactive nucleus can be extracted from the experiments. At last, the possible experiments are proposed for the external target experiment at CSR of Lanzhou.     

Effect of entrance-channel asymmetry on the isospin dependence of nucleon emission in heavy ion collisions

Using the isospin- and momentum-dependent hadronic transport model IBUU04, we have investigated the influence of the entrance-channel isospin asymmetry on the sensitivity of the pre-equilibrium neutron/proton ratio to symmetry energy in central heavy-ion collisions induced by high-energy radioactive beams. Our analysis and discussion are based on the dynamical simulations of the three     

THE SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR SECONDARY BEAMS AT RIBLL

The Bρ-ΔE-Bρ-TOF techniques used for the identification and separation of radioactive nuclear beams (RNB) at RIBLL, are described. As a PF-type radioactive nuclear beam line, RIBLL can deliver RNB with high purity for light projectiles by using Bρ-ΔE-Bρ techniques, while for heavy ones, the Bρ-ΔE-Bρ-TOF methods must be adopted in order to identify the RNB clearly.     

奇异核特性及相关反应研究

论述了晕核,尤其是质子晕核的特性及实验研究．探讨了放射性核引起的转移反应以及晕核的近库仑位垒熔合反应． The properties of halo nuclei, especially proton halo nuclei and their experimental researches have been reviewed. The transfer reactions induced by radioactive beams and near barrier fusion with halo nucleus are discussed.     

An approach to evaluate the efficiency of y-ray detectors to determine the radioactivity in environmental samples

This work provides an approach to determine the efficiency of T-ray detectors with a good accuracy in order to determine the concentrations of either naturally occurring or artificially prepared radionuclides. This approach is based on the efficiency transfer formula （ET）, the effective solid angles, the self- absorptions of the source matrix, the attenuation by the source container and the detector housing materials on the detector efficiency. The experimental calibration process was done using radioactive （Cylindrical ＆ Marinelli） sources, in different dimensions, that contain aqueous 152Eu radionuclide. The comparison point to a fine agreement between the experimental measured and calculated efficiencies for the （NaI ＆ HPGe） detectors using volumetric radioactive sources.     

An approach to evaluate the efficiency of γ-ray detectors to determine the radioactivity in environmental samples

This work provides an approach to determine the efficiency of γ-ray detectors with a good accuracy in order to determine the concentrations of either naturally occurring or artificially prepared radionuclides. This approach is based on the efficiency transfer formula(ET), the effective solid angles, the self- absorptions of the source matrix, the attenuation by the source container and the detector housing materials on the detector efficiency. The experimental calibration process was done using radioactive(Cylindrical Marinelli) sources, in different dimensions,that contain aqueous152 Eu radionuclide. The comparison point to a fine agreement between the experimental measured and calculated efficiencies for the(NaI HPGe) detectors using volumetric radioactive sources.     

放射性核引起的反应

评述了放射性核自身的特征和它引起的反应机制研究．论述了晕核、中子皮核、电磁断裂和软偶极共振以及放射性核所引起的弹性散射、转移反应和亚位垒融合等. The characteristic of the nuclei far from stability and the mechanism of the reactions induced by these nuclei are reviewed. The disscusion includes the structure beyond the dripline and examples of elastic and inelastic scattering,inverse kinematic and nuclear break up, and of subbarrier fusion using radioactive beams.     

放射性物质^(137)Cs对微波大气击穿特性的影响北大核心CSCD

针对现有的放射性物质探测手段有效距离近和效率较低等局限性,考虑到高功率微波(HPM)良好的空间辐射特性,研究放射性物质对微波大气击穿特性的影响,以实现利用HPM远距离探测放射性物质的设想。阐释了微波脉冲等离子体击穿原理和自由电子对击穿特性影响,分析了放射性物质^(137)Cs射线产生自由电子的过程,在此基础上分析了HPM大气击穿时间和击穿阈值。基于HPM大气击穿等离子体实验装置,分别在6000 Pa、7000 Pa和8000 Pa的低气压环境对有、无放射源存在情形开展多次HPM辐照实验。实验结果表明:放射源的存在降低了约10%的HPM大气击穿阈值,缩短约50%的击穿时间。     

放射系衰变纲图的扩充

根据放射性核素数据，对原来的四个放射系做了全面的扩充，做出了新的衰变纲图，讨论了有关问题。     

Laser traps for radioactive isotopes

The techniques of laser cooling and trapping now make it possible to observe large samples of stable atoms in a small volume at low temperature. This capability was recently extended to radioactive isotopes. This opens up new opportunities for the investigation of fundamental symmetries through measurements using radioactive atoms. In this paper we will discuss several fundamental measurements in atomic systems and how the ability to trap radioactive atoms will play an important role in improving the precision of such measurements. Measurements of the effects of the weak interaction are of particular note since they are becoming quite precise. In particular, we will describe in detail the system developed at Stony Brook to trap radioactive alkali atoms and measure weak interaction effects in francium isotopes.     

Radioactive Waste Classification in the Russian Federation and the USA

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Approaches to the system of radioactive waste classification in the USA and the Russian Federation were considered. The variety of sources of radioactive waste generation...     

分层γ扫描技术中点源定位的蒙特卡罗方法

随着核工业发展和放射性同位素的广泛应用,产生大量中、低放射性废物。中、低放射性废物长期贮存前要对放射性废物的核素种类、活度等进行测量。分层扫描(SGS)测量技术是一种无损检测桶装核废物的手段,但是在测量过程中会遇到放射性核素所在的位置变化,则相对衰减距离、效率刻度不对应,导致估计活度结果误差较大。本工作首先将当前层平均分成12份分别进行计数,并通过实验和蒙特卡罗模拟方法,记录以均匀聚乙烯样品填充对废物桶径向不同偏心位置的探测器的计数。由12个位置的探测器计数得到两个最值,并根据射线在样品中衰减规律计算得到放射性核素距桶轴的距离,从而确定放射性核素在当前层的位置。结果表明:此方法可求出放射性核素所在的位置从而估计点源在桶内旋转半径,对应使用该旋转半径下的自吸收校正因子、探测效率和衰减校正效率,提高了SGS估计的精度。     

水下Co-60源切伦科夫辐射的蒙卡模拟

随着核应用领域的不断拓宽,放射源丢失事故发生的概率也随之增加。机载伽马谱仪可有效搜寻地面放射源,然而对于放射源丢失于水域的情况,由于伽马射线经由水层屏蔽后可探测性降低,故利用放射源在水中产生的切伦科夫辐射对其进行搜寻显得十分重要。采用MCNP与Geant4相结合的方法,以及在Geant4程序中采用接续计算技巧,对Co-60源在水中的切伦科夫光产生以及传输进行了计算,计算表明,切伦科夫光经水中传播后,主要波段在300~600 nm,强度呈由边缘到中心渐强的特征分布,分布范围大致与放射源在水中的深度一致,在水中传输300 m后其光通量约为100 cm-2,可利用光谱特征和强度分布特征对其进行测量。     

The 8π spectrometer

The 8π spectrometer installed at the TRIUMF-ISAC radioactive beam facility provides a powerful and versatile detection system for radioactive decay, allowing measurements of γ rays and conversion electrons with high resolution, tagging on β particles, and fast-timing measurements. The facility supports a wide program of research in the fields of nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics and fundamental symmetries with low-energy radioactive beams.     

融合Kinect与γ相机图像的放射性区域重建与定位

针对核设施退役、核应急处置过程中放射性分布信息的可视化需求,提出了一种基于Kinect与γ相机图像信息融合的放射性区域重建与定位方法。首先,基于γ相机的特殊成像方式,构建了Kinect与γ相机组合成像模型,并完成相机组合联合标定;其次,基于视觉地图构建方法,建立了核辐射环境稠密点云地图并得到Kinect位姿;然后,提取γ相机图像中的放射性分布信息,根据相机组合模型计算地图中的放射性区域点云;最后,基于最小包围盒对γ相机成像的中心区域进行三维定位。在实验中,通过将Kinect和γ相机数据同步与空间对齐,在少量γ相机图像的情况下,实现了单个点源的三维分布重建模型与辐射场景地图的融合。在8×12 m2的实验室环境中点源定位的均方根误差为0.11 m,证明了本文方法的有效性。     

核物理与工农业发展

核物理应用主要包括核分析技术、同位素技术和离子束技术的应用,这些应用在工农业生产中发挥着巨大作用.离子束、电子束和同位素辐射源被广泛应用于辐照探伤、辐照加工、辐照消毒、辐照育种、辐照杀虫、辐照保藏等方面.核物理应用新技术将成为人类生活中重要的组成部分,正确认识核辐射并掌握基本的辐射防护知识具有重要意义.文章介绍了核物理在工业和农业中的应用及其社会效益和经济效益.