基于上海激光电子γ源的天体核合成关键反应12C(α,γ)16O的反应率研究

正在研制的上海激光电子γ源是MeV量级的高品质γ光束线站，基于该装置可以开展一系列核天体物理实验, 从而更准确的确定各天体核合成反应的反应率. 本文研究了天体核合成中的关键反应¹²C(α,γ)¹⁶O的反应率. 根据多组实验和理论截面数据分别计算了反应率, 并给出了这些反应率计算结果的平均值和统计误差. 根据该结果拟合了理论反应率的解析形式, 确定了新的参数. 进而给出俘获反应¹²C(α,γ)¹⁶O在He燃烧环境下的反应率和误差, 并讨论了电子屏蔽效应对天体反应率的修正.     

22Na(p,γ)23Mg反应的实验研究

讨论了目前有关²²Na(p,γ)²³Mg反应的实验研究工作,结合兰州放射性束流线上的放射性束流²³Al的β⁺延发质子衰变实验的测量结果,给出了²³Al延发衰变的质子能谱,并比较了近期实验给出的相关能级的自旋、宇称值,正是由于这种自旋、宇称和能级部分宽度的不确定性,导致了反应率计算的不确定性.计算了同位旋相似态的共振强度.对于测量到的新的延发衰变能级E_d=8.916MeV,由于没有相应的能级宽度值,实验仅给出其相对共振强度值.     

用电子散射研究丰质子核的质子晕结构

理论和实验结果都表明¹⁷F的第一激发态有质子晕存在.用相对论平均场理论和Eikonal近似研究了质子晕核¹⁷F的第一激发态的电子弹性散射过程. 计算了¹⁷F的第一激发态的电荷形状因子,并与¹⁶O和¹⁹F的结果进行了对比和讨论.结果显示质子晕的存在会使中等转移动量的电荷形状因子产生明显的变化,并且使低转移动量的电荷形状因子趋于降低.这说明电子散射对质子晕的存在是非常敏感的,表明可以用电子散射对奇特核的质子晕结构进行更精细的研究.     

在α(p,p')ηα反应中的N(1535)激发及η介子产生

在相对论介子与核相互作用理论框架下, 对α(p,p')ηα反应进行了理论分析, 讨论了在入射质子和靶核上的N^*(1535)激发机制的特点. 以⁴He靶核为例, 在入射质子动能T_p=2.8GeV的情况下, 计算了反应截面, 末态ηN不变质量谱和出射η介子的角分布, 讨论了在兰州重离子冷却储存环(CSR)上开展实验研究的意义和可能性.     

89Y(α,p)92Zr反应中的核芯激发和全微观理论分析

测量了⁸⁹Y(α,p)⁹²Zr反应的基态和几个激发态的微分截面及⁸⁹Y(α,α)⁸⁹Y弹性散射微分截面.利用⁸⁹Y、⁹²Zr的壳模型波函数对该反应基态和第一激发态的实验数据进行了完全微观DWBA理论分析.具有核芯激发组态的核波函数明显地改善了不同末态的截面相对强度,而对角分布的形状影响甚微.它表明具有核芯激发组态的⁸⁹Y、⁹²Zr核波函数有较好的实验基础.最后,讨论了⁸⁹Y(α,p)⁹²Zr反应的截面绝对值问题,揭示了α浅势阱的重要性.     

新核素271110及其α衰变链的理论研究

用自洽的相对论平均场模型研究了核²⁷¹110及其α衰变链核的结构.理论的α衰变能与实验数据符合.理论的核寿命也与实验数据比较接近.预言了未知核素²⁷⁵112的性质,并讨论了质子数Z=108附近的形变壳效应.     

质子散射对16O原子核α结构的检验

利用质子散射作为手段对¹⁶O的α粒子结构模型进行了检验.基于4α结构模型,对跨度整个中能区的质子与¹⁶O核的弹性角分布进行了无自由参数的计算.理论与实验基本符合.     

利用BUU模型研究11Li的核反应总截面和双中子剥去截面

发展了BUU模型,能够同时研究双中子晕结构核¹¹Li引起反应的核反应总截面和双中子剥去截面,计算中使用软的核物质状态方程和0.8倍的核子–核子碰撞截面,同时还用相对论平均场模型计算的中子和质子密度代替通常使用的方密度分布,计算结果可以很好地拟合不同反应系统的实验数据,假定对于晕核及其核芯核,彼此的核反应总截面与相互作用截面之间的差别相同,那么¹¹Li的双中子剥去截面可以表示成”Li及其核芯核⁹Li引起反应的核反应总截面之差,研究结果表明这一假定可以适用于高能,对于中能核反应需要更多的实验数据来检验.     

93Pd的β缓发质子衰变

通过⁵⁸Ni(⁴⁰Ca,3n2p)反应合成等待点核⁹³Pd,采用氦喷嘴带传输系统加p-γ符合,观测到了它的β缓发质子衰变,测得其半衰期为(1.3±0.2)s.采用统计模型计算拟合了实验测得的β缓发质子能谱和布居到质子发射体子核不同终态的分支比,指认了⁹³Pd的基态自旋为9/2.用Woods-Xason Strutinsky方法计算了⁹³Pd的核位能面,其结果表明93?Pd基态自旋宇称可能为9/2⁺.     

133Sm和149Yb的β缓发质子衰变

利用⁴⁰Ca+⁹⁶Ru融合蒸发反应产生了近质子滴线核¹³³Sm, 配合氦喷嘴带传输系统采用“质子-γ”符合方法观测了它们的β缓发质子衰变, 其中包括半衰期、质子能谱、第二代子核低位态之间的γ跃迁, 并估计出衰变到第二代子核不同低位态的分支比. 通过统计理论拟合上述实验数据, 指认了¹³³Sm的自旋宇称的可能范围. 并用Woods-Saxon Strutinsky方法计算了限制组态的¹³³Sm的核势能面, 通过对比发现¹³³Sm的自旋宇称可能有两种成分:5/2⁺和1/2^－. 这一结果与2001年发表的¹³³Sm(EC+β⁺)衰变的简单衰变纲图是相容的. 此外用同一方法分析了2001年Eur. Phys.J.A12:1—4中发表的有关¹⁴⁹Yb的β缓发质子衰变实验数据, 由此指认了¹⁴⁹Yb的基态自旋宇称为1/2^－.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.