孕妇在不同糖耐量状态下胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能的改变

目的 研究孕妇在不同糖耐量状态下胰岛素抵抗(IR)和胰岛β细胞功能的改变.方法 分析51例妊娠糖尿病(GDM)孕妇、45例糖耐量低减(GIGT)孕妇和119例糖耐量正常(NGT)孕妇的IR和胰岛β细胞分泌功能,采用稳态模式胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评价胰岛素抵抗,稳态模式胰岛B细胞功能指数(HBCI)和30分钟净增胰岛素/30分钟净增血糖(△130/△G30)评价胰岛β细胞分泌功能.结果 从NGT、GIGT到GDM,HOMA-IR呈递增,而HBCI和△DO/△G30呈递减倾向,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.01);HBCI、△130/△G30与2hPG呈明显负相关(r分别=0.144,0.258,P均＜0.01);HBCI与△130/△G30呈明显正相关(r=0.144,P＜0.05).结论 妊娠期胰岛素抵抗增加和胰岛β细胞分泌功能下降是GDM的发病原因,且在GIGT阶段胰岛素早期分泌功能已受损.     

冠心病患者胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞功能检测临床意义的研究

目的:通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验研究空腹血糖正常的冠心病患者胰岛素抵抗状态、胰岛β细胞分泌功能及其临床意义。方法:对冠心病组(35例)及对照组(30例)按空腹及服糖后30、60、120和180min进行糖耐量、胰岛素释放实验,测量各时点血糖值及胰岛素值。同时测量其血压、身高、体重、总胆固醇、甘油三酯,并计算出体重指数(BMI)=体重(kg)/身高2(m2)。按照稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)=空腹胰岛素(FINS)×空腹血糖(FPG)/22.5;胰岛β细胞分泌指数(HBCI)=20×空腹胰岛素/(空腹血糖-3.5);早期胰岛素分泌指数(△I30/△G30)=口服葡萄糖耐量试验30min胰岛素增量与葡萄糖增量的比值;李氏β细胞胰岛素分泌指数(MBCI)=(空腹胰岛素×空腹血糖)/(血糖2h 血糖1h-2×空腹血糖)公式计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛β细胞分泌指数、△I30/△G30及李氏β细胞胰岛素分泌指数值。结果:空腹血糖正常的冠心病患者糖代谢异常(120min血糖≥7.8mmol/L)的发生率为43%,明显高于对照组23%,仅用空腹血糖这些患者将不能被诊断;冠心病组空腹及服糖后120min、180min胰岛素水平、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数显著高于对照组[(11.4±9.4)vs(5.3±3.1)mU/L,(71.6±48.5)vs(31.2±22.0)mU/L,(42.7±35.4)vs(8.6±6.9)mU/L,(0.62±0.32)vs(0.47±0.21),P<0.01],△I30/△G30、李氏β细胞胰岛素分泌指数低于对照组[(1.13±0.65)vs(1.42±0.57),(1.03±0.35)vs(1.36±0.37),P<0.01],差异有显著性;Logistic回归分析显示稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数、120min胰岛素水平、总胆固醇与冠心病的发生显著相关(OR值分别为1.432、0.644、1.116,P<0.05)。结论:空腹血糖正常的冠心病患者糖代谢异常发病率明显高于对照组,简易口服葡萄糖耐量试验可揭示血糖代谢状态,应常规用于冠心病患者血糖代谢异常的诊断。冠心病患者存在胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞分泌功能缺陷。     

2型糖尿病病人的非糖尿病一级亲属胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素抵抗的研究

目的　研究 2型糖尿病 (T2DM )及 2型糖尿病病人的非糖尿病一级亲属胰岛 β细胞功能、胰岛素抵抗 (IR)及早期胰岛素分泌功能 ,探讨其在糖尿病发生发展中的作用。方法　选取 59例正常对照组、58例T2DM病人糖耐量正常的T2DM病人一级亲属及 38例T2DM ,他们的体重指数 (BMI)均 <2 5kg/m2 ,计算并比较三组的血清胰岛素、血糖及稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数 (HOMA IR)、β细胞功能指数 (HOMA β)及胰岛早期分泌指数 (△I30 /△G30 )。结果　非肥胖的糖耐量正常的一级亲属组的HOMA IR均高于正常对照 (P <0 0 5) ,但低于T2DM组 ;而HOMA βTI一级亲属组低于对照组 (P <0 0 5) ,但高于T2DM组 (P <0 0 1 ) ;△I30 /△G30 显示一级亲属组低于对照组 (P <0 0 5)。结论　非肥胖 2型糖尿病一级亲属在糖耐量正常时就已经存在胰岛β细胞功能的受损、胰岛素抵抗及胰岛素早期分泌指数减低 ;IR并非继发于肥胖和高血糖症。     

早期强化降糖治疗对2型糖尿病患者胰岛功能的影响

目的 观察皮下多次注射胰岛素(MSII)强化降糖治疗对新发及病程1～5年的2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响.方法 选取2007年6月-2010年6月于本院门诊和住院就诊的血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者128例(新发92例,病程1～5年36例),予MSII强化降糖治疗达标,治疗前、后分别行口服葡萄糖耐量联合胰岛素释放试验.计算早相胰岛素分泌指数(△INS30/△BG30)、稳态模型评估-胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-IS)、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及胰岛素分泌曲线下面积( AUCINS).结果 所有患者经MSII治疗后胰岛素分泌功能均有不同程度的恢复,治疗后△INS30/△BG30、HOMA-IS、AUCINs明显提高(P＜0.05);总组分析治疗前、后HOMA-IR分别为(3.12±2.72)vs.(3.06±1.92),差异无统计学意义(P=0.16).亚组分析显示病程1～5年2型糖尿病患者治疗前、后HOMA-IR分别为(3.83±2.07)vs.(2.70±1.38),P＜0.01.新发2型糖尿病治疗后△INS30/△BG30、HOMA-IS、AUCINs明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而HOMA-IR治疗前、后差异无统计学意义(P=0.154).结论 对血糖水平较高的新发及病程1～5年的2型糖尿病患者予MSII强化降糖治疗,可明显改善胰岛β细胞分泌功能及胰岛素抵抗,恢复早相分泌,提高胰岛素敏感性.     

2型糖尿病患者内生肌酐清除率与胰岛β细胞功能相关

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者的胰岛β细胞分泌功能及胰岛素敏感性与内生肌酐清除率(creatinine clearance rate,Ccr,ml·min-1·1.73-1 m-2)的相关性.方法 432例2型糖尿病患者按Ccr水平分为4组:肾功能正常组(90≤Ccr＜130,123例)、肾小球高滤过组(Ccr≥130,80例),肾功能轻度下降组(60≤Ccr＜90,145例)和肾功能中重度下降组(Ccr＜60,84例).进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验及胰岛素释放试验,用稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素曲线下面积(AUCI)和葡萄糖曲线下面积(AUCG)的比值(AUCI/AUCG)来评价胰岛素抵抗;用胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)及Matsuda ISI来反映胰岛素敏感性;以稳态模型评估的β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、早期胰岛素分泌功能指数(△I30/△G30)、第二时相胰岛素分泌功能指数(胰岛素曲线下面积)及葡萄糖处置指数(disposal index,DI)评价胰岛β细胞分泌功能;比较各组间各指标的差异,并对Ccr与胰岛素抵抗相关指标进行相关性分析.结果 (1)与肾功能正常组相比,肾功能轻度下降、肾功能中重度下降组HOMA-IR明显升高,ISI、Matsuda ISI明显下降(P＜0.01);肾功能中重度下降组AUCI/AUCG明显高于其他3组(P＜0.05).(2)肾功能中重度下降组AUCI明显高于其他3组(P＜0.05);肾功能轻度下降、肾功能中重度下降组DI明显低于肾功能正常组(P＜0.05).(3)Ccr与糖尿病病程、收缩压、舒张压、AUCI、HOMA-IR、AUCI/AUCG呈负相关(P＜0.05),与ISI、Matsuda ISI呈正相关(P＜0.01);多元逐步回归分析结果显示Ccr与收缩压、病程、AUCI/AUCG呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 在2型糖尿病中,Ccr与胰岛素抵抗负相关,随着Ccr的下降,胰岛素抵抗逐渐加重,胰岛素抵抗可能是肾功能下降的独立危险因素.     

妊娠糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗与血清C反应蛋白水平的相关性研究

目的:研究妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者与正常妊娠妇女胎盘激素、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与妊娠胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞分泌功能的关系,分析发生GDM的危险因素,探讨GDM的发病机制.方法:GDM孕妇和正常孕妇各50例,均测胎盘激素、hs-CRP、血糖及胰岛素水平.结果:GDM组的hs-CRP水平明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).2组的胎盘激素水平(雌激素、孕激素、泌乳素)无统计学意义.GDM组的早期相胰岛β细胞分泌功能(△I30/△G30)明显低于对照组,P＜0.001.hs-CRP与孕前体重、孕前体重指数(BMI)、空腹胰岛素、稳态模式评估法胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈正相关(r=0.287、0.289、0.248、0.299,P＜0.01),与△I30/△G30呈负相关(r=-0.509,P＜0.001).在纠正了孕前体重、孕前BMI、糖筛查时的体重和BMI后,hs-CRP与空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR不再相关(P＞0.05).结论:炎症反应参与并加重妊娠胰岛素抵抗;GDM孕妇存在早期相胰岛β细胞分泌缺陷.     

罗格列酮联合减低体重对糖耐量受损患者的影响

糖耐量受损(IGT)患者治疗3个月后,单服罗格列酮患者血糖、胰岛素、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)显著降低,同时减重治疗的患者上述指标降低程度优于单服罗格列酮患者.提示罗格列酮能改善IGT和胰岛素抵抗,如同时控制体重效果更佳.     

罗格列酮对老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能影响

目的观察罗格列酮对磺脲类降糖药继发性失效(SF)的老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的胰岛β细胞功能影响。方法选择69例SF的T2DM患者,根据年龄分为老年组(≥60岁,37例)、中青年组(<60岁,32例),分别加用罗格列酮或胰岛素治疗24周,治疗前后分别测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、血脂、稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、HOMAβ胰岛细胞分泌指数(HOMA-IS),胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、糖负荷30min净增胰岛素/净增血糖比值(ΔI30/ΔG30)并进行比较。结果治疗后各组HbA1c、FBG、HOMA-IR均明显下降,HOMA-IS、ISI均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗后罗格列酮组FIns较治疗前有所升高(P<0.05),而胰岛素组无明显变化,治疗后各组ΔI30/ΔG30均较治疗前升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论本研究表明罗格列酮有助于诱导β细胞功能的恢复,这种作用对老年患者同样有效。     

2型糖尿病先证者腰臀比对遗传表型的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病先证者腰臀比对糖耐量正常一级亲属的胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞功能的影响.方法 选择186个2型糖尿病核心家系中的先证者和489名糖耐量正常的一级亲属.根据先证者腰臀比的四分位数,分别选取最低四分位数腰臀比的先证者(男性<0.86,女性<0.84)的一级亲属115名(为FDRl组)和最高四分位数腰臀比的先证者(男性>0.92,女性>0.89)的一级亲属106名(为FDR2组)进行研究.应用稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、△I30/△G30(△I30:30 min胰岛素增值,△G30:30 min血糖增值)、△I30·△G-1<30·HOMA-IR-1来分别评估胰岛素敏感性和胰岛β细胞功能.结果 FDR2组的体重指数、女性一级亲属的腰围以及腰围/身高比值(WHtR)、收缩压、甘油三酯、HOMA-IR均高于FDRl组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、△I30/△G,,30>、△I30·△G-130·HOMA-IR-1均低于FDRl组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).相关分析显示两组中腰围、WHtR均与HOMA-IR呈正相关.最小平方回归分析显示,FDR2组中HOMA-IR与腰围、WHiR间回归直线斜率显著高于FDRI组(均P<0.01).结论 较高腰臀比的2型糖尿病先证者的糖耐量正常一级亲属可能具有更明显的胰岛素抵抗表型特点和β细胞功能降低,同时腹型肥胖轻度增加可能会带来更加明显的胰岛素抵抗.     

中国人糖耐量异常与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌

研究胰岛素抵抗和胰岛分泌缺陷与中国人糖耐量变化的关系。方法对４６６例（正常体重１８９例,超重／肥胖２７７例）正常糖耐量（ＮＧＴ）、糖耐量减退／空腹血糖减损（ＩＧＴ／ＩＦＧ）、２型糖尿病（ＤＭ）患者,用稳态模式评估法评价胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞基础功能（ＨＯＭＡ－βｃｅｌｌ）并用糖负荷３０分钟净增胰鸟争增葡萄糖（△ｉ３０／△Ｇ３０）比值评价早期胰 岛素分泌反应。结果校正年龄,性别、体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、     

2型糖尿病患者血管紧张素Ⅱ与胰岛β细胞分泌功能的关系探讨

目的 探讨不同糖耐量状态下血管紧张素Ⅱ与胰岛β细胞分泌功能的关系.方法 新诊断2型糖尿病患者42例(DM组)、空腹血糖受损/糖耐量受损者38例(IFG/IGT组)、正常对照者40名(NGT组)行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验,ELISA法测定空腹血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)及脂联素水平.计算急性胰岛素分泌反应(AIR3-10)、第一时相(0～10min)胰岛素分泌曲线下面积(AUCⅠ)及峰值浓度、第二时相(10～120min)胰岛素分泌曲线下面积(AUCⅡ)、稳态模型评估胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).探讨AngⅡ与AIR3-10、AUCⅠ及峰值浓度、AUCⅡ、脂联素、HOMA-β及HOMA-IR的关系.结果 (1)DM组和IFG/IGT组AngⅡ显著高于NGT组(P＜0.05);DM组和IFG/IGT组AIR3-10、AUCⅠ及峰值浓度、AUCⅡ、脂联素显著低于NGT组(P＜0.05),DM组降低更为显著;(2)AngⅡ与AIR3-10、AUCⅠ及峰值浓度、AUCⅡ、脂联素、HOMA-β呈显著负相关(P＜0.01),与空腹血糖、糖负荷后2 h血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR呈正相关(P＜0.05);(3)多元逐步回归分析,AngⅡ与AUCⅠ、AUCⅡ独立相关.结论 AngⅡ为胰岛β细胞分泌功能的独立影响因素.排除血压、体位、药物等因素的影响,高AngⅡ水平可预测2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能受损及胰岛素抵抗.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between angiotensin Ⅱ and pancreatic islet β cell secretion function under different glucose tolerance statuses. Method Forty-two patients with newly diagnosed type 2diabetes mellitus ( DM group), 38 subjects with impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance ( IFG/IGTgroup) ,and 40 normal control subjects (NGT group) underwent intravenous glucose tolerance test. Fasting plasma angiotensin Ⅱ ( Ang Ⅱ ) and adiponectin were assayed by ELISA. Acute insulin response from 3 to 10 min( AIR3-10 ),the area under the curve( AUCⅠ ) and the peak concentration of the first-phase ( 0-10 min) insulin secretion, the area under the curve of the second-phase( 10-120 min) insulin secretion( AUCⅡ), homeostasis model assessment for β cell function index(HOMA-β) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were calculated to explore the relationship with Ang Ⅱ. Result ( 1 ) The levels of Ang Ⅱ in DM group and IFG/IGT group were significantly higher than that in NGT group( P＜0.05 ). The AIR3-10, AUCⅠ and peak concentration, AUCⅡ ,adiponectin in DM group and IFG/IGT group were significantly lower than those in the NGT group ( P＜0. 05), and these results were more significantly reduced in DM group compared with those in IFG/IGT group. (2) Ang Ⅱ was negatively correlated with AIR3-10, AUCⅠ and the peak concentration, AUCⅡ, adiponectin, HOMA-β ( P＜0. 01 ), and positively correlated with fasting blood glucose,2 h blood glucose after glucose loading, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR (P＜0. 05 ). (3)Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that Ang Ⅱ was independently associated with AUCⅠ and AUCⅡ.Conclusion Ang Ⅱ was an independent factor that affected the insulin secretion function of pancreatic islet βcells. Ruling out the effect of blood pressure, body position, drugs, and other factors, high levels of Ang Ⅱ could predict the dysfunction of pancreatic islet β cell as well as insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

Improved Early-Phase Insulin Response after Candesartan Treatment in Hypertensive Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

As the effect of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade on β-cells in clinical situations remains unclear, new evidence has been presented that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin ││ receptor blockers (ARBs) may delay or prevent the development of insulin resistance and diabetes through novel mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the effects of ARBs on insulin excretion by β-cells. Hypertensive patients with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly divided into two groups: group A (n?=?6), which received 8 mg/day of oral candesartan for three months, and controls (n?=?6). Before and after administration, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was conducted to compare various parameters. No significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting glucose, or fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were identified between the groups before administration. After three months, there were no significant changes in BMI, SBP, and DBP for the controls and in BMI and DBP for group A. However, SBP was significantly decreased from 144 ± 2.6 mmHg to 125 ± 4.6 mmHg in group A. Insulinogenic index tended to be slightly decreased for controls, but was significantly increased from 0.32 ± 0.0 to 0.47 ± 0.1 for group A. No significant changes in HOMA-R were identified in either group. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have documented a RAS inhibitor improving early-phase insulin response; thus, the present study may be the first of its kind.     

2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属的胰岛素抵抗出现先于β细胞功能缺陷

目的 研究2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能的变化.方法 选取2型糖尿病患者一级亲属23名,其中糖耐量正常者10名(NGT组),糖耐量受损者13名(IGT组).以无糖尿病家族史的糖耐量正常者9名(NC组)为对照.应用高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹技术和静脉葡萄糖耐量试验评估胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能.结果 NGT组和IGT组的葡萄糖输注率(mg·kg-1·min-1)分别为(7.04±0.62)和(6.16±0.73),与NC组(10.22±0.93)相比明显降低(均P＜0.05).NGT组的第一时相胰岛素分泌量(对数转换)高于IGT组(3.87±0.24 vs 3.03±0.28,P＜0.05),NC组为(3.37±0.30).NGT组(1.43±0.22)与NC组(1.18±0.41)的葡萄糖处置指数(对数转换)明显高于IGT组(0.32±0.20,P＜0.01或P＜0.05),NC组与NGT组之间差异无统计学意义.结论 2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属已经存在胰岛素抵抗,当胰岛素分泌不能代偿抵抗时开始出现糖耐量减退.     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛素分泌和敏感性的影响

目的 探讨短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素分泌功能的影响.方法 选取2006年6月至2007年2月在本院就诊的新诊断2型糖尿病患者10例进行为期2周的胰岛素泵强化治疗,在治疗前和停泵24 h后分别进行两次静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)和高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹试验.结果 (1)在治疗前所有糖尿病患者均缺乏急性胰岛素分泌(AIR),经2周强化治疗使血糖正常后,所有患者AIR均有了不同程度地恢复[(7.63±4.73 vs 0.83±1.96)mU/L,P＜0.01)].AIR恢复较好的患者略为年轻和肥胖.(2)糖耐量正常志愿者平均葡萄糖输注率(GIR)为(8.26±2.48)mg·kg-1·min-1,而初发2型糖尿病患者在胰岛素泵强化治疗前GIR为(2.30±0.81)mg·kg-1·min-1(与正常者比,P＜0.01),胰岛素泵强化治疗后GIR升高到(5.33±1.43)mg·kg-1·min-1(P＜0.01).GIR升高显著的患者腰围和体重指数低、治疗前的平均血糖高.结论 短期胰岛素泵强化治疗使血糖"正常化",同时可改善胰岛细胞功能,提高胰岛素敏感性.     

Effects of rosglitazone on plasma adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in high-risk African Americans with impaired glucose tolerance test and type 2 diabetes

We examined the metabolic effects of rosiglitazone therapy on glucose control, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and adiponectin in first-degree relatives of African Americans with type 2 diabetes (DM) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and DM for 3 months. The study was comprised of 12 first-degree relatives with IGT, 17 newly diagnosed DM, and 19 healthy relatives with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and after 3 months of rosiglitazone therapy (4 to 8 mg/d) in patients with IGT and DM. Serum glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin levels were measured before and 2 hours during OGTT in the NGT and patients with IGT and DM. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-%B) were calculated in each subject using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Rosglitazone improved the overall glycemic control in the IGT and DM groups. Following rosiglitazone, the beta-cell secretion remained unchanged, while HOMR-IR was reduced in DM by 30% (4.12 +/- 1.95 v 6.33 +/- 3.54, P < .05) and the IGT group (3.78 +/- 2.45 v 4.81 +/- 3.49, P = not significant [NS]). Mean plasma adiponectin levels were significantly (P < .05) lower in the DM (6.74 +/- 1.95 microg/mL) when compared with the NGT group(9.61 +/- 5.09). Rosiglitazone significantly (P < .001) increased adiponectin levels by 2-fold in patients with IGT (22.2 +/- 10.97 microg/mL) and 2.5-fold greater in DM (15.68 +/- 8.23 microg/mL) at 3 months when compared with the 0 month. We conclude that adiponectin could play a significant role (1) in the pathogenesis of IGT and DM and (2) the beneficial metabolic effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in high-risk African American patients.     

糖调节受损和2型糖尿病患者血浆nesfatin-1水平的变化

采用酶联免疫法测定了初诊2型糖尿病患者、糖调节受损(IGR)患者、正常糖耐量(NGT)者血浆nesfatin-1水平.结果显示,2型糖尿病和IGR组血浆nesfatin-1水平明显高于NGT组[(1.91±0.79和1.80±0.80对1.41±0.58)μg/L,P＜0.01].血浆nesfatin-1水平与体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HbA1C、稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈明显正相关(P＜0.05或P＜O.01).多元回归分析结果表明HOMA-IR和BMI分别是影响血浆nesfatin-1水平的独立相关因素(均P＜0.01).提示血浆nesfatin-1可能参与了胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的发生和发展.     

罗格列酮与胰岛素治疗对2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞第一时相分泌功能的影响

目的罗格列酮（RGZ）与胰岛素治疗对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者胰岛功能的影响。方法FPG）11．1mmol／L的患者随机分为胰岛素治疗（Ins）组和胰岛素＋罗格列酮治疗（Ins＋RGZ）组,两组年龄、病程、BMI均无统计学差异。血糖达标后再维持治疗3个月。治疗前后均作静脉糖耐量试验（IVGTT）,比较两组糖代谢和胰岛功能的变化。结果治疗后的FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、静脉葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUC-G0～60）均显著下降,HOMA—B改善（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,两组间无统计学差异。两组IVGTT10min内胰岛素释放曲线下面积／60min内胰岛素释放曲线下面积（AUC-I0～10／AUC-I0～60）分别增加10％和12％（P=0．085,0．05）。Ins＋RGZ组I2、I5、I10及FC-P显著提高,Ins组增高无统计学意义。逐步回归分析显示,治疗后FPG和2hPG下降与负荷后胰岛素增值和血糖增值比值呈正相关（r=0．593,P=0．000;r=0．548,P=0．001）,表明治疗后胰岛素处理葡萄糖能力与血糖控制程度呈正相关。结论罗格列酮（而不是胰岛素）能恢复第一时相胰岛素分泌。T2DM患者早期联用RGZ,有利于保护胰岛β细胞功能。     

Thiazolidinediones increase hepatic insulin extraction in African Americans with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A pilot study of rosiglitazone

Peripheral insulin levels are determined by beta-cell secretion, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic insulin extraction (HIE). We have previously shown that whereas sulfonylureas reduce insulin extraction, metformin enhances HIE. However, the effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on HIE remain uncertain. Thus, we investigated the potential contribution of hepatic insulin clearance to peripheral insulin levels during rosiglitazone therapy in African Americans with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The study was composed of 12 first-degree relatives with IGT and 17 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM. Nineteen healthy relatives with normal glucose tolerance served as controls. Serum glucose, insulin, and C-peptide, and HIE (C-peptide-insulin molar ratios) were measured at t = 0 and 120 minutes during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in all the subjects. The OGTT was performed before and after 3 months of rosiglitazone therapy (4 mg/d x 4 weeks and >8 mg/d x 8 weeks) in patients with IGT and type 2 DM. Insulin resistance index and beta-cell function were calculated in each subject using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Rosiglitazone therapy improved but did not normalize the overall glycemic control in the IGT and type 2 DM groups. After rosiglitazone therapy, the mean serum insulin and C-peptide levels at fasting remained unchanged. However, the 2-hour serum glucose and insulin were lower, whereas serum C-peptide was unchanged during 3 months of rosiglitazone treatment. Mean insulin resistance index of HOMA was reduced by 30% (4.12 +/- 1.95 vs 6.33 +/- 3.54, P < .05) in the type 2 DM group and by 21% (3.78 +/- 2.45 vs 4.81 +/- 3.49, P = NS) in the IGT group. Mean HIE values were significantly lower (70%) in the type 2 DM and IGT groups when compared with the normal glucose tolerance group. At 3 months, basal HIE was not significantly changed by rosiglitazone therapy in IGT and type 2 DM groups when compared with the baseline (0 month). However, rosiglitazone therapy was associated with increased HIE at 2 hours during OGTT by 40% and 30% in the IGT and type 2 DM groups, respectively, from the baseline (0 month) values. Furthermore, HIE inversely correlated with the insulin resistance index of HOMA (r = -.46, P < .05). We conclude that rosiglitazone therapy improved overall glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin sensitivity in patients with IGT and type 2 DM. Although basal HIE remained unchanged, rosiglitazone therapy increased postglucose challenge HIE in African Americans with IGT and type 2 DM. We speculate that TZDs increase insulin clearance or HIE after oral glucose challenge. This study suggests that in addition to insulin sensitization, rosiglitazone may be involved in insulin metabolism. The significance of the increased insulin clearance by TZD therapy remains uncertain and deserves further investigation in patients with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.     

甲状腺功能亢进患者OGTT结果与胰岛β细胞功能状态的初步观察

目的探讨胰岛β细胞功能障碍在甲亢合并糖代谢紊乱发病过程中的作用。方法对6例正常人（NC组）、36例不同糖代谢紊乱的甲亢患者进行研究，测定空腹、60、120分钟血糖、胰岛素，并计算比较各组胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、胰岛β细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）。结果甲亢合并糖代谢紊乱组HOMA—IR明显高于NC组（P〈0.05），而ISI明显低于NC组（P〈0.05），甲亢糖尿病组HOMA-β明显低于NC组（P〈0.05）。结论甲亢合并糖代谢紊乱患者的胰岛素敏感性降低，严重患者胰岛β细胞功能降低；甲亢治疗后短期随访上述指标有所好转。