简单剪切有限塑性内时理论分析

在有限塑性内时理论中引入Jaumann率、广义Jaumann率、扶率及Wu率,并以此分析了简单剪切大变形问题．结果验证了简单剪切变形中,采用次弹性或内时刚塑性材料的Jaumann率客观模型,随单调递增的剪切变形剪切应力和法向应力都会出现振荡现象．这说明振荡现象的出现不取决于弹塑性模型,而与选取不同的客观率有很大的关系．同时指出在简单剪切大变形时,法向应力并不为零．     

弹塑性有限变形的广义Prandtl—Reuss本构方程和应力共旋率研究

本文通过一种新的途径研究弹塑性有限变形的广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程·研究表明对于广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程，变形率弹塑性和分解的假设并非必须·研究了采用物质共旋率的广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程，从理论上分析了简单剪切应力振荡的原因·提出一种用于构造广义Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ＿Ｒｅｕｓ本构方程中应力和背应力共旋率的修正相对旋率·最后，对简单剪切变形进行应力计算·     

基于断裂能的岩土节理弹性-软化塑性本构模型

基于准脆性材料的断裂力学和塑性理论,提出了用于岩土节理软化行为描述的弹性软化塑性本构模型.模型的主要特点是:1)节理材料的软化塑性和扩容特性直接与断裂失效过程相联系,所采用的材料参数比已有的弹塑性软化模型所用的参数少;2)模型可以描述混合断裂失效及相应的摩擦滑动,具有较广的适用性.     

基于有限变形弹塑性模型模拟伪弹性合金全程变形行为

提出一个J2流的有限弹塑性本构方程来显式、全面地模拟了形状记忆合金(SMAs)在3个不同阶段加载并卸载所表现出来的应力-对数应变关系.这3个阶段包括变形完全恢复的伪弹性阶段、变形部分恢复的塑性阶段以及软化破坏阶段.该文的主要思想在于从实验数据的形函数出发,得到用形函数表达的多轴硬化函数,进而代入到本构方程,建立一个能模拟任意形状应力-对数应变关系,多轴有效的本构方程.该文方法的优势在于避免考虑微观到宏观的平均方法、相变条件等一系列复杂处理,大大减少了计算量.所得到的数值结果可以精确匹配实验数据.     

混凝土材料的粘塑性损伤本构模型

基于不可逆热力学,引入运动硬化、等向硬化和损伤内变量,构造了相应的自由能函数和流动势函数,推导出了混凝土材料的粘塑性损伤本构模型．数值模拟的结果表明,该模型能够避开屈服面和破坏准则的基本假设来描述混凝土材料的以下特性:压缩载荷作用下的体积膨胀现象;应变率敏感性;峰值后由损伤和破坏引起的应力软化和刚度退化现象A·D2由于此模型避开了根据各种变形阶段选择与其相应的本构模型的繁琐计算,因此更便于纳入复杂工况下应力分析有限元程序中．     

有限变形下的混凝土动态本构关系研究

讨论有限变形和小变形假设下本构关系的区别,并将其运用于混凝土的弹-粘塑性本构关系研究,提出了一个应变率相关的动态力学模型．模型基于Ottosen的4参数屈服准则,分别考虑混凝土在硬化阶段和软化阶段加载面的不同变化规律,建立冲击荷载下的混凝土本构关系．该模型可以应用于冲击载荷下混凝土材料响应的模拟．引进Green-Naghdi客观率建立有限变形的混凝土模型．根据大量实验结果对应变率和材料强度的关系提出合理假设,使模型可以反映混凝土大变形的动态力学行为,为相关工程问题的研究提供有益的思路和有效的工具．     

单轴拉伸条件下细观非均匀性岩石损伤局部化和应力应变关系分析

岩石在拉应力状态下的力学特性不同于压应力状态下的力学特性．利用细观力学理论研究了细观非均匀性岩石拉伸应力应变关系包括:线弹性阶段、非线性强化阶段、应力降阶段、应变软化阶段.模型考虑了微裂纹方位角为Weibull分布和微裂纹长度的分布密度函数为Rayleigh函数时对损伤局部化和应力应变关系的影响,分析了产生应力降和应变软化的主要原因是损伤和变形局部化.通过和实验成果对比分析验证了模型的正确性和有效性．     

韧性金属大变形拟流动角点理论及应用

本文提出韧性金属弹塑性大变形拟流动角点理论（ｑｕａｓｉ－ｆｌｏｗｃｏｒｎｅｒｔｈｅｏｒｙ）．该理论从塑性变形正交法则出发，将”模量衰减函数”及屈服面的尖点效应引入本构模型，从而实现了由正交法则本构模型向非正交法则本构模型以及从塑性加载向物理弹性却载的光滑过渡，使一般无角点各向异性硬化屈服函数与有角点硬化情形相结合成为可能．用于数值模拟各向异性金属薄板单向拉伸失稳与剪切带分析并与实验结果作比较，表明本文理论的有效性．     

考虑主应力轴旋转的土体本构关系研究进展

对目前国内外考虑主应力轴旋转的试验研究及本构模型研究进行了总结分析,并对进一步研究提出了相应的建议．基于不同的加载条件,从纯主应力轴旋转和耦合主应力轴旋转两个方面,较全面的描述了主应力轴旋转情况下土体的基本变形特性,并对考虑主应力轴旋转的土体变形试验提出了进一步研究的建议．较为系统地评述了当前较有代表性的考虑主应力轴旋转的土体本构模型（边界面模型、多机构模型、运动硬化模型和广义塑性模型）,得出了广义塑性模型更适合用来描述考虑主应力轴旋转的土体变形特性的结论．总结未来考虑主应力轴旋转的土体本构关系研究的主要方向是:把握主应力轴旋转情况下土体变形的本质特性,建立推理严密、形式简单、适用方便的本构模型,并用来指导工程实践．     

形状记忆合金相变过程三维大变形有限元模拟

形状记忆合金（SMA）一直被作为智能材料开发,并被用于阻尼器、促动器和智能传感器元件．形状记忆合金（SMA）的一项重要特性,是它具有恢复在机械加卸载周期下产生的大变形而不表现出永久变形的能力．该文旨在介绍一种由应力产生的相变且可以描述马氏体和奥氏体之间的超弹性滞回环现象本构方程．形状记忆合金的马氏体系数假设为应力偏张量的函数,因此形状记忆合金在相变过程中锁定体积．本构模型是在大变形有限元的基础上执行的,采用了现时构型Lagrange大变形算法．为了方便地使用Cauchy应力和线性应变本构关系,使用了与旋转无关的Jaumann应力增率计算应力．数值分析结果表明,相变引起的超弹性滞回环可以有效地通过该文提出的本构方程和大变形有限元模拟．     

Damage and fracture behavior in dynamic tension tests: Modelling and numerical simulations

The continuum damage model is based on a general thermodynamic framework for the modeling of rate and temperature dependent behavior of anisotropically damaged elastic-plastic materials subjected to fast deformation. The introduction of damaged and fictitious undamaged configurations allows the definition of damage tensors and the corresponding free energy functions lead to material laws affected by damage and temperature. The damage condition and the corresponding damage rule strongly depend on stress triaxiality. Furthermore, the rate and temperature dependence is reflected in a multiplicative decomposition of the plastic hardening and damage softening functions. The macro crack behavior is characterized by a triaxiality dependent fracture criterion. The continuum damage model is implemented into LS-DYNA as user defined material model. Corresponding numerical simulations of unnotched and notched tension tests with high strain rates demonstrate the plastic and damage processes during the deformation leading to final fracture numerically predicted by an element erosion technique. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Instability prevention at the modeling of large elasto-plastic strains under cyclic loading

The cyclic instability phenomenon is investigated at the modeling of large elasto-plastic strains. The possible causes of the cyclic instability and conditions ensuring cyclical stability of elasto-plastic models are analyzed for the case of large strains. Among the possible causes of the cyclic instability the following are considered: the method of strain decomposition on elastic and plastic parts; the constitutive law for the elastic deformation (hypo- and hyper-elasticity); the constitutive equation for the plastic deformation; the constitutive relation for the plastic spin; kinematic hardening law, in particular, the type of the objective rate in the generalized Prager's law. Predictions of 50 various models of the elasto-plastic material have been compared in order to find the causes of the cyclic instability. Two test problems are considered: cyclic simple shear, combined cyclic simple shear and tension-compression. Results of numerical experiments for the various material models are presented and discussed. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Modeling and characterization of cyclic relaxation and ratcheting using the distributed-element model

Constitutive modeling of cyclic relaxation and ratcheting (cumulative inelastic deformation) is developed on the basis of the distributed-element model (DEM). Although the original DEM is capable of describing general, elastic–plastic behavior for cyclically stabilized materials, it has the inadequacy of not being able to account for the effect of cyclic relaxation and ratcheting. By introducing the nonlinear kinematic hardening rule proposed by Armstrong and Frederick into element behavior of the DEM, the model becomes effective in characterizing the behavior of cyclic relaxation and ratcheting. Validation of the modified DEM is conducted by simulating cyclic behavior of various metal materials, including CS 1018, heat-treated rail steel, and Grade 60 steel. The results show that the modified DEM demonstrates realistic behavior of materials in both uniaxial and biaxial cyclic relaxation and ratcheting. Furthermore, detailed investigation of element behavior in the model provides us with additional insight into complex behavior and characteristics of materials in cyclic relaxation and ratcheting.     

A Hardening Description based on a Finite-Deformation Gradient Crystal Plasticity Model: Formulation and Numerical Implementation

In this study, a well-defined finite-deformation gradient crystal plasticity is employed to study size-dependence strengthening behavior of a single crystal under simple shear loading. The constitutive model is implemented in the FEM software ABAQUS via a user-defined element subroutine (UEL). Effect of gradient strengthening, latent hardening and scale-variation in mechanically plastic response of a single crystal subjected to isothermal quasi-static loading is studied and discussed. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A micromechanical model for the transformation induced plasticity in polycrystalline steels

Due to the effect of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) , TRIP-steels are very promising materials, e.g. for the automobile industry. The material behavior is characterized by very complex inner processes, namely phase transformation coupled with plastic deformation and kinematic hardening. We establish a micromechanical model which uses the volume fractions of the single phases, the plastic strain and the hardening parameter in every grain of the polycrystalline material as internal variables. Furthermore, we apply the Principle of the Minimum of the Dissipation Potential to derive the associated evolution equations. The use of a coupled dissipation functional and a combined Voigt/Reuss bound directly results in coupled evolution equations for the internal variables and in one combined yield function. Additionally, we show numerical results which prove our model's ability to give a first prediction of the TRIP-steels' complex material behavior. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A time integration procedure for plastic deformation in elastic-viscoplastic metals

A simple unconditionally stable numerical procedure for time integration of the flow rule for large plastic deformation of an elastic-viscoplastic metal is developed. Specific attention is focused on a unified set of constitutive equations which represents a generalization (for large deformation and thermomechanical response) of the Bodner-Partom model [6, 7]. An analytical solution is obtained for large deformation simple shear at constant shear rate. Numerical examples of simple shear, a corner test exhibiting the transition from uniaxial compression to shear, and simple tension are considered which demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the procedure. It is shown that the same procedure can be used for a rate insensitive metal characterized by a yield function as well as for a rate sensitive metal characterized by an overstress model. Finally, an appendix is provided which records the basic equations associated with the small deformation theory.     

剪切变形下非晶态高聚物的力学行为

基于非平衡态热力学理论，提出了一个适用于不可压材料的新的热粘弹性本构模型．该模型将橡胶弹性理论中的非高斯分子网络模型推广到计及粘性和热效应的情形．通过引入一组二阶张量形式的内变量，建议了一个新的Helmholtz自由能表达式，从而可以用来合理描述内变量的演化规律．根据以上模型，重点研究了热粘弹性材料在简单剪切变形下的力学行为，考察了由于分子链取向分布的变化而产生的“粘性耗散诱导”各向异性，讨论了应变率效应和由于粘性耗散而导致的热软化效应对剪应力的影响．理论预测结果与G’Sell等人的实验数据的定性比较表明了新的本构模型的有效性。     

Modelling Metals At Finite Deformation

During metal forming processes, substantial microstructural changes occur in the material due to large plastic deformations leading to different mechanical properties. It is of great interest to predict the behaviour of these materials at different fabriction stages and of the final product. At first glance, the behaviour of metals can be approached by an elastoplastic isotropic material model with a volumetric-deviatoric split and isotropic hardening. In order to perform the calculations, a logarithmic strain is considered in the principal directions of stress and strain space, allowing to make predictions even at finite deformations. Because of the actual nature of metals, the crystalline structure, the deformation at the microstructural level is much more complex. Due to the mathematically algorithmic form of an elastic predictor and a plastic corrector, the elastoplastic model can be extended to crystal plasticity which is similarly handled in terms of a critical resolved shear stress on defined slip planes in the crystal. Hardening can be modelled through a viscoplastic power law. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)