周期型二元颗粒链中孤波传播的二体碰撞近似分析

本文运用二体碰撞近似理论研究了孤波在周期型二元颗粒链中的传播. 周期型二元颗粒链由N个大球和一个小球交替排列而成, 球的材质都相同. 将小球和与之相邻的大球等效成一个球, 形成一条等效链. 采用二体碰撞近似理论, 推导了孤波在颗粒链中传播的速度、通过颗粒链时间以及小球的振荡频率. 理论分析得到小球振荡频率随着半径的增大而减小, 该结果与计算机模拟结果符合得相当好. 二体碰撞近似理论给出的波通过整条颗粒链时间, 在N ≤ 2时与计算机模拟结果符合得很好. 理论计算的误差随链长的变化不大. 但随着N的增大, 理论得到的结果相对误差变大.     

光泵Ba/He系统582.8nm碰撞诱导荧光辐射及其弛豫振荡

观察到光泵Ba/He混合物产生的582.8nm碰撞诱导荧光新谱线及其弛豫振荡.进行理论分析和计算,结果与实验相符合.     

大量小球无规则运动计算机模拟的可视化

大量小球无规则运动计算机模拟的可视化在大学物理课程教学过程中有着广泛的应用,本文针对做弹性碰撞的小球,介绍了一种基于碰撞事件驱动的方法,高效地实时模拟了大量小球弹性碰撞产生的无规则运动.     

多功能球-球碰撞实验仪的研制

研制了多功能球-球碰撞实验仪,利用该仪器对三组碰撞实验的研究发现,未退火小球和未退火小球碰撞可近似为弹性碰撞,其恢复系数为0.96;未退火小球和退火小球、退火小球和退火小球之间的碰撞为非弹性碰撞。本实验源自生活中的打靶实验,将其进行改造升级为物理实验中的研究性设计性实验,在启发学生创新思维和培养学生发散思考方面具有显著作用。     

由2007年的一道高考实验题引发的思考

通过2007年的一道高考题对高中实验"验证动量守恒定律"中的落点顺序问题进行了详细的分析.结果表明,小球落点的位置顺序不仅与小球的质量有关,还与碰撞的种类有关,并给出了实际实验时落点顺序唯一性的原因.     

两小球二维碰撞偏转角的再讨论

文[1]讨论了两个等质量小球二维碰撞的偏转角.下面再讨论质量分别为m1和m2的光滑小球,一个运动,另一个静止,发生非对心碰撞,两球碰后速度之间夹角的取值范围.     

碰撞中动量守恒定律和能量守恒定律的相对论协变性

以两个小球碰撞为例,验证了动量守恒定律和能量守恒定律在洛仑兹变换下的形式不变性。     

再谈"小球与均质自由杆的碰撞"

讨论了小球在杆上任一点的碰撞问题,并指出《大学物理》2006年第5期《小球与均质自由杆的碰撞》一文中"完全非弹性碰撞后两物体不一定粘在一起共同运动"的说法是错误的.     

碰撞后总动量为何会增大

用J2135-1型(或J2135型)碰撞实验器研究碰撞中的动量守恒规律,是中学物理课本中的一个基本实验.有人认为,将被碰小球放在水平槽末端时,也可保证两小球在水平方向上实现对心碰撞,这样做可使实验操作更为简便,还可减少误差.实验发现,碰撞后两球的总动量总是增大.发生这一似乎反常的现象原因是什么呢?     

一道速度突变题的解答及思考

【题目】在一个水平的匀强电场中,用长为l的细线把一质量为m的带电小球悬挂在O点,如图1(a)所示.电场强度为E,小球带正电荷q.小球在电场中平衡时,悬线OA偏离竖直线的角度为θ.现把小球拿至B点,细线OB位于水平方向,在B点由     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.