35MeV/uAr离子辐照聚酯膜引起的效应研究

采用多种手段研究了 35Me V/u的 Ar离子辐照聚酯 (PET)膜产生的微观结构变化 .结果表明 ,辐照使聚酯的化学键断裂并产生了炔端不饱和基团和自由基 .断键主要发生在乙二醇残留物、苯环的对位和酯的 C— O键上 .随着吸收剂量的增加 ,材料的结晶度逐渐降低 ,由原始的41 .7%减至最高辐照量时的 1 5.0 % .研究发现 ,聚脂的非晶化转变截面与电子能损呈线性关系 ;断键和非晶化效应主要取决于样品的吸收剂量 ,并存在一个约 4.0 MGy的阈值.Stacked polyethylene terephthalate films were irradiated with 35 MeV/u Ar ions at room temperature. The ion induced effects were studied by ultraviolet visible spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X ray diffractometer, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Bond breaking and the formation of alkyne end groups and free radicals were observed. The bond breaking processes occurred mainly...     

红外光吸收研究35MeV/u Ar离子辐照半晶质聚酯膜引起的效应

35MeV/u Ar离子在室温下辐照了多层堆叠的半晶质聚酯膜,采用傅立叶转换的红外光吸收技术分析和研究了由辐照引起的化学键断裂及其对离子剂量、离子在样品中的平均电子能量损失和吸收剂量的依赖性.结果表明,辐照导致聚酯膜中发生了明显的化学键断裂,断键过程主要发生在反式构型的乙二醇残留物和苯环的对位上,苯环的基本结构在辐照中变化较小.断键不仅强烈地依赖于离子的照射剂量,而且还跟样品中电子能量沉积密切相关,明显的断键发生在4.0MGy以上的吸收剂量.     

25 MeV/u Kr辐照下PET薄膜的损伤机制研究

通过25 MeV/u 86 Kr离子辐照叠层结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜（PET）, 在不同的电子能损（3.40-7.25 keV/nm）和离子注量(5×1011----3×1012 ions/cm2)辐照条件下, 对Kr离子在PET中引起的辐照损伤效应进行了研究。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,通过对样品的红外吸收峰进行扣除基底后的Lorentz拟合,分析了与主要官能团对应的吸收峰强度的变化趋势, 研究了化学结构与组分在重离子辐照下的变化规律; 利用X射线衍射光谱仪测量, 研究了Kr离子在PET潜径迹中引起的非晶化过程,并通过对吸光度和非晶化强度随离子注量的指数衰减规律的分析, 获得了不同电子能损离子辐照PET时主要官能团的损伤截面和非晶化截面及对应的潜径迹半径。 At room temperature, polyethylene terephthalate(PET) foil stacks were irradiated by 25 MeV/u Kr ions in the electronic stopping power range(3.3--7.66 keV/nm) and the fluence range from 5×1011 to 3×1012 ions/cm2. The behaviour of the main function groups with fluence and electronic stopping power were studied by using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, the degradation of the function group was investigated with the Lorentz fitting subtracted baseline. The amorphous processes in the latent tracks of PET were studied by X ray diffraction(XRD) measurements. The Kr ion induced degradation cross section and amorphisation cross sections(radii) for different electronic energy loss were acquired from the experimental data(FT IR and XRD) by exponential decay function respectively.      

荷能离子在C60薄膜中引起的辐照效应

用 Raman散射和 XPS技术分析了能量为几百 ke V到几百 Me V的多种离子在 C60 薄膜中引起的辐照效应.分析结果表明 ,在低能重离子辐照的 C60 薄膜中 ,其晶态向非晶态的转变过程是由核碰撞主导的.在快离子 (1 2 0 ke V的 H离子和171.2 Me V的 S离子 )辐照的情况下,电子能损起主导作用.发现在H离子辐照过程中,电子能损有明显的退火效应 ,致使 C60 由晶态向非晶态转变的过程中,经历了一个石墨化的中间过程;而在 S离子辐照的情况下 ,电子能损的破坏作用超过了退火效应 ,因此 ,在C₆₀ 由晶态向非晶态转变的过程中,无石墨化的中间过程.Irradiation effecs (mainly including transformation from crystalline into amorphous state) of C 60 films induced by 120 keV H, He, N, Ar, Fe and Mo ions, 240 keV and 360 keV Ar ions, and 171.2 MeV, 125.3 MeV and 75.8 MeV S ions were analysed by means of Raman scattering and XPS technique. The analysis results indicate that amorphization process in the cases of N, Ar, Fe and Mo ions irradiation is dominated by nuclear collision, but in the case of H ion irradiation, the process is...     

MeV能量的重离子辐照GaN的HRXRD研究

分别进行了2.3 MeV20 Ne8+ 离子和5.0 MeV84 Kr19+ 离子辐照GaN样品的实验, 并对实验样品进行了HRXRD的分析。结果发现, 随着这两种离子辐照剂量的增大, GaN的HRXRD谱（0002）衍射峰的峰位出现了向小角侧有规律的移动, 并在较高剂量时衍射峰发生分裂。同时, 对衍射峰的峰位的移动和峰形的变化等现象反映的辐照损伤机制进行了研究, 并探讨了电子能损与核能损各自在晶格损伤中的作用。Irradiation experiments of gallium nitride (GaN) with 2.3 MeV20 Ne8+ and 5.0 MeV84 Kr19+ respectively were performed. The irradiated samples were analyzed using the high\|resolution X\|ray diffraction (HRXRD) spectrometry. It was found that the diffraction peak of GaN (0001) exhibited regular shift to smaller diffraction angles with the increase of ion fluence for the both ions, and the diffraction peak split into a few sub\|peaks at higher irradiation dose. Underlying mechanisms of the observed peak shift and split were investigated, the contributions of different energy losses to the damage accumulation in the irradiated GaN were discussed.     

12C6+离子辐照对4种农作物种子出苗率

以能量为80 MeV/u的12C6+离子为诱变源辐照油菜、 胡麻、 大葱和兵豆的干种子后, 研究了不同剂量处理对4种农作物M1和M2代种子出苗率及幼苗生长的影响。 实验结果表明: 重离子所导致的M1代生物学效应因不同的物种而表现出一定的差异, 适当剂量C离子辐照促进了油菜和胡麻M1代出苗率和幼苗的生长; 而不同剂量的C离子辐照抑制了大葱的出苗率和幼苗的生长; 兵豆3个剂量下的出苗率和对照相差很小, 但90 Gy辐照有利于其生长。 到了M2代, 4种作物辐照组的发芽率都低于各自的对照组; 30 Gy剂量下的油菜、 胡麻和兵豆长势最好; 大葱依然是对照的长势最好。 Crops of Brassica napus L., Linum usitatissmum L., Allium fistulosum L. and Lens culinaris Medic. were irradiated by 80 MeV/u 12C6+ ion beams with doses of 30, 90 and 180 Gy. The germination rates and heights of seedlings of M1 and M2 generation of these four plants were studied. The results indicated that germination rates and average heights of the B. napus and L. usitatissmum were improved by appropriate dose treatment, while great suppression was found in the irradiated groups of the A. fistulosum. As far as the L. Culinaris was concerned, little differences was observed on M1 germination rate, but the 90 Gy irradiation was favorable to growth of plant. The treatments with 30, 90 and 180 Gy were inferior to contrast one on M2 germination rate of the four species. Seedlings of M2 generation of the B. napus, L. sitatissmum and L. culinaris under 30 Gy grew better than the other groups, while the best performance of the A. fistulosum was shown by the control group.     

不同LET C离子束对粘红酵母菌的突变效应分析

以粘红酵母菌Rhodotorula glutinis AY 91015为材料, 研究了不同传能线密度（LET）的C离子对粘红酵母菌的失活截面和突变截面, 评估了不同LET的C离子对微生物的失活效应和突变效应。 结果表明, C离子LET为120.0 keV/μm时, 单个粒子对粘红酵母菌的失活截面最大, 为4.37 μm2, 接近酵母菌细胞核的平均核截面; LET为96.0 keV/μm时, 单个粒子对粘红酵母菌的突变截面最大。 通过对C离子束致突变能力的分析发现, C离子在LET为58.2 keV/μm时突变能力最强, 这一结果显示在经C离子辐照后存活下来的粘红酵母菌中, 可以引起有效突变的最佳LET为58.2 keV/μm左右, 此时所对应的碳离子能量约为35 MeV/u。 这些结果表明, C离子对粘红酵母菌的最佳致死效应和最佳致突变效应存在于不同的能量区域。 To evaluate inactive and mutagenic effects of carbon beam at different LET, the inactivation cross section and mutation cross section induced by carbon beams of different LET values were investigated in a red yeast strain Rhodotorula glutinis AY 91015. It was found that the maximum inactivation cross section of 4.37μm2 , which was very close to the average nucleus cross section, was at LET of 120.0 keV/μm. The maximum mutation cross section was at LET of 96.0 keV/μm. Meanwhile, the highest mutagenicity of carbon ion was found around 58.2 keV/μm. It implied that the most efficient LET to induce mutation in survival yeasts was 58.2 keV/μm, which corresponded to energy of 35 MeV/u carbon beam. The most effective carbon beam to induce inactivation and mutation located at different energy region.     

高能重离子辐照的ODS铁素体钢脆化效应研究

与传统的铁素体钢相比,氧化物弥散强化(ODS) 的铁素体钢具有更优的耐高温和抗辐照性能,近年来成为先进核能装置重要的候选结构材料。在HIRFL 的扇聚焦型回旋加速器(SFC) 材料辐照终端,对一种氧化物弥散强化(ODS) 铁素体钢MA956 进行了高能Ne 离子辐照实验,旨在研究级联碰撞损伤和惰性气体原子注入条件下该材料力学性能的变化。利用辐照终端的能量衰减装置将SFC出口123.4 MeV的离子能量分解为介于38.5~121.0 MeV之间的30 个入射能量值,并通过双面辐照在厚度60 μm的样品中均匀产生了损伤。辐照剂量为9x1016 ions/cm2,在样品中的平均位移损伤为0.7 dpa,注入的Ne原子浓度为350 appm。辐照期间样品温度保持在440 ℃附近。对辐照前后的样品分别在室温和500 ℃下进行了小冲杆试验(Small-punchTest),获得了辐照前后样品的加载位移曲线,由此得到该辐照条件下样品的延性损失为18%~26%。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了断口形貌和厚度变化,估算了样品的等效断裂应变和断裂韧性。结果表明,MA956 钢经过高能Ne离子辐照后等延伸率减小,断裂韧性降低,样品发生了一定的脆化。透射电镜结果说明氧化物弥散相界面处微空洞的形成可能是导致脆化的原因。Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels have better high-temperature creep rupture strength and higher irradiation resistance than conventional ferritic steels, and show high prominence of application in advance nuclear reactors. Their stability under high-dose radiation conditions needs to be clarified. In the present study, a commercial ODS ferritic steel MA956 were irradiated with high 20Ne ions at a terminal chamber of the Sector-focused Cyclotron (SFC) at HIRFL (Heavy-ion Research Facility in Lanzhou). With the energy gradient degrader of the irradiation chamber, the primary energy (123.4 MeV) of the Ne-ion was dispersed into 30 different energies between 38.5~ 121.0 MeV, which resulted in a plateau distribution of lattice damage in the specimens. The specimens were irradiated from both sides so that the whole 60 m thickness was nearly uniformly damaged. The specimen temperature was maintained around 440 ℃ during the irradiation. The irradiation dose is about 9x1016 ions/cm2, corresponding to a damage level of 0.7 dpa and a Ne concentration of 350 appm. The specimens before and after irradiation were tested with the Small-punch Test technique, at room temperature and 500 ℃, respectively. The fracture morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy.The results show that MA956 underwent some loss of ductility and fracture toughness after the irradiation with high-energy 20Ne ions. It may be ascribed to the formation of nano-scale cavities at the oxides/matrix interfacesin the ODS steel specimens under irradiation .     

Measurement of the total reaction cross section for the mirror nuclei ^12N and ^12B

The mirror nuclei ^12N and ^12B are separated by the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou （RIBLL） at HIRFL from the breakup of 78.6 MeV/u 14N on a Be target. The total reaction cross-sections of ^12N at 34.9 MeV/u and ^12B at 54.4 MeV/u on a Si target have been measured by using the transmission method. Assuming ^12N consists of a ^11C core plus one halo proton, the excitation function of ^12N and ^12B on a Si target and a C target were calculated with the Glanber model. It can fit the experimental data very well. The characteristic halo structure for ^12N was found with a large diffusion of the protons density distribution.     

120~430 MeV/u 碳离子的微剂量学特性研究(英文)

单粒子微剂量谱在放射治疗中是一个极其重要的参数,它可以用来评估辐射场的生物学效应。利用蒙特卡洛程序FLUKA模拟计算了由碳离子产生的混合辐射场能量沉积的微观模式。从已公开发表的文献中选取了实验测量300 MeV/u 碳离子的线能能谱,并与相同物理条件下模拟计算得到的线能能谱相比较,结果吻合得很好。此外,还计算了120~430 MeV/u 的碳离子的剂量平均线能能谱、频率平均线能和剂量平均线能。所得到的频率平均线能值为185~ 28.3 keV/m而剂量平均线能值则为272~ 64.1 keV/m。本文的结果对于制定碳离子放射治疗的治疗计划有着重要的意义.Microdosimetric single event spectrum is a significant parameter in radiotherapy, which can be used to evaluate the radiation biological effect. In this paper, microscopic patterns of energy deposition are simulated with Monte Carlo code FLUKA at mixed radiation fields during carbon ions therapy. The results are compared with experimental measured results at 300 MeV/u carbon ion and good agreement has been found. Meanwhile, dose-weighted lineal energy spectra, frequency averaged lineal energy values and dose averaged lineal energy values of carbon ion with energy from 120 to 430 MeV/u were calculated,too. The frequency averaged lineal energy values are from 185 to 28.3 keV/m while the dose averaged lineal energy values are from 272 to 64.1 keV/m. These studies are useful for treatment plan in carbon ion radiotherapy.     

Generating Metallic Amorphous Core–Shell Nanoparticles by a Solid‐State Amorphization Process

Metallic crystalline/amorphous core–shell nanoparticles consisting of a crystalline Pd core (c‐Pd) surrounded by an amorphous Fe₂₅Sc₇₅ shell (a‐FeSc) are prepared by inert‐gas condensation. A phase transformation of the c‐Pd by a solid‐state diffusion process resulting in an amorphous core (a‐PdSc) surrounded by an amorphous FeSc shell is observed if the core–shell structure is irradiated at ambient temperature with 300 keV electrons. The amorphization process seems to involve the diffusion of irradiation‐induced defects and is presumably driven by the large negative heat of mixing of Pd and Sc, as well as by the excess enthalpy of the interfaces between the c‐Pd regions and the surrounding a‐FeSc. The structural transformation reported here opens a new way to producing metallic amorphous core–shell nanoparticles of different chemical compositions and probably novel properties.     

Surface modifications by swift heavy-ion irradiation of indium phosphide

InP (001) samples were irradiated with 200 MeV Au ions at different fluences. The surface nanotopographical changes due to increasing fluence of swift heavy ions were observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), where the onset of a large increase in surface roughness for fluences sufficient to cause complete surface amorphization was observed. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to observe bulk-ion tracks that formed in InP, and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) revealed that single-ion tracks might not be amorphous in nature. Surface-ion tracks were observed by AFM in the form of ill-defined pits (hollows) of ~12 nm in diameter (width). In addition, Rutherford backscattering was utilized to follow the formation of disorder to amorphization in the irradiated material. The interpretation of the large increase in surface roughness with the onset of amorphization can be attributed to the plastic phenomena induced by the change of states from crystalline to amorphous by ion irradiation. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Reactive dye degradation by combined Fe(III)/TiO2 catalyst and ultrasonic irradiation: Effect of Fe(III) loading and calcination temperature

The development of Fe(III)/TiO(2) catalysts for sonocatalytic degradation of Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) dye in water was carried out using sol-gel method. Their surface morphology, phase transformation and surface characteristics were studied using SEM, XRD and surface analyzer, respectively. Phase transformation from amorphous to anatase occurred at 500°C and transformation of anatase to rutile phase occurred at 700°C. Complete rutile phase was formed at 900°C with corresponding increase in the particle size. Increasing in Fe(III) loading led to a reduction in the anatase phase and with the formation of weaker and broader of diffraction peaks. Surface morphology of the prepared catalyst was clearly observed with increasing calcination temperature. Surface area of the prepared catalyst decreased with increasing calcination temperature or increasing Fe(III) loading. The combination of 0.4 mol% of Fe(III)/TiO(2) with ultrasonic irradiation gave the highest sonocatalytic activity in the removal of RB4 from the aqueous solution. On the other hand, the presence of even small amount of rutile inhibited the catalytic activity of catalyst. 1.5 g/L was the optimum amount of catalyst that led to the highest sonocatalytic degradation of RB4 with an efficiency of 90%. Aeration significantly accelerated the reaction rate. Higher removal at 96% could be achieved with the combination of 0.4Fe(III)/TiO(2) and aeration under ultrasonic irradiation.     

非晶态合金与氢相互作用的研究进展

非晶态合金在力学性能、耐磨耐蚀性、磁性等方面比传统晶态合金具有显著优势,是一类有优良应用前景的新型结构与功能材料.非晶态合金与氢相互作用可以产生很多有趣的物理化学现象和应用.本文从物理基础和材料应用两个方面评述非晶态合金和氢相互作用的研究进展,在物理基础研究方面,从氢在非晶态合金中的存在状态出发,讨论氢在非晶态合金中的溶解、分布、占位和扩散等相关物理问题,进而分析氢对非晶态合金的热稳定性、磁性、内耗、氢脆等的影响.在材料应用研究方面,对非晶态储氢合金、非晶态合金氢功能膜、吸氢改善非晶态合金的塑性和玻璃形成能力、氢致非晶化、利用非晶态合金制备纳米储氢材料等方面的研究进展进行评述.最后总结并展望有关非晶态合金与氢相互作用的研究和应用.     

Preparation of hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films with hot-wire-assisted MWECR-CVD system

Intrinsic hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (\muc-Si:H) films have been prepared by hot-wire-assisted microwave electron-cyclotron-resonance chemical vapour deposition (HW-MWECR-CVD) under different deposition conditions. Fourier-transform infrared spectra and Raman spectra were measured. Optical band gap was determined by Tauc plots, and experiments of photo-induced degradation were performed. It was observed that hydrogen dilution plays a more essential role than substrate temperature in microcrystalline transformation at low temperatures. Crystalline volume fraction and mean grain size in the films increase with the dilution ratio (R=H₂/(H₂+SiH₄)). With the rise of crystallinity in the films, the optical band gap tends to become narrower while the hydrogen content and photo-induced degradation decrease dramatically. The samples, were identified as \mu c-Si:H films, by calculating the optical band gap. It is considered that hydrogen dilution has an effect on reducing the crystallization activation energy of the material, which promotes the heterogeneous solid-state phase transition characterized by the Johnson--Mehl--Avrami (JMA) equation. The films with the needed structure can be prepared by balancing deposition and crystallization through controlling process parameters.     

Ripple surface generated on hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride films

It is reported for the first time that the periodical ripple surface feature at micrometer-scale was observed on hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride films deposited by pulse plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Nitrogen incorporation to hydrogenated amorphous carbon films and the different growing environments of pulse dc plasma discharge perhaps played crucial role in the surface morphology transformation of hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride films.     

High pressure photoinduced ring opening of benzene

The chemical transformation of crystalline benzene into an amorphous solid (a-C:H) was induced at high pressure by employing laser light of suitable wavelengths. The reaction was forced to occur at 16 GPa, well below the pressure value (23 GPa) where the reaction normally occurs. Different laser sources were used to tune the pumping wavelength into the red wing of the first excited singlet state S(1)((1)B(2u)) absorption edge. Here the benzene ring is distorted, presenting a greater flexibility which makes the molecule unstable at high pressure. The selective pumping of the S(1) level, in addition to structural considerations, was of paramount importance to clarify the mechanism of the reaction.     

高能氩离子在聚苯乙烯中的电子能损效应研究

用1.4GeV氢离子对多层堆叠的厚约53m的聚苯乙烯薄膜在室温和真空条件下进行了辐照;对辐照后的样品进行了从红外到紫外的光吸收测量.测量结果显示,材料经高能红离子辐照后发生化学降解,降解过程强烈依赖于电子能损;在能量沉积密度很高的径迹芯中,分子主链和苯环均遭到破坏;在电子能损高于0.77keV/nm时有炔基产生.