E_p≤3GeV质子入射铅、铋引起的中子产生双微分截面的模拟(英文)

加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)液态Pb-Bi散裂靶的设计中,需要可靠的理论计算工具精确地预言几个GeV能量范围的质子引起的散裂反应产生的各种粒子和核素。利用蒙特卡罗模拟软件包Geant4计算研究了800 MeV至3 GeV质子入射铅、铋材料引起的中子产生双微分截面。比较了Geant4不同物理模型得到的模拟结果与现有的实验数据。其中,Geant4的QGSP BERT和QGSP INCL ABLA物理模型模拟结果很好地再现了实验数据。本工作证实了Geant4蒙特卡罗模拟软件包适合用于能量高达3 GeV的质子入射铅、铋引起的中子产生双微分截面的模拟计算。     

单光子计数闪烁探测器灵敏度标定方法

根据NaI(Tl)闪烁探测器可用于单光子计数的特性,探索了一种测量放射源入射下闪烁探测器脉冲电荷谱来实现其绝对灵敏度标定的方法。实验对标定系统的电荷数字转换记录器进行了绝对标定,得到了用于ICF实验中重要诊断设备滤波-荧光谱仪的NaI(Tl)闪烁探测器的绝对灵敏度。灵敏度标定数据不确定度小于10%,较传统的放射源标定方法(15%)显著提高,同时标定能量范围扩大到100keV以上。最后,实验结果与Geant4模拟程序计算的结果进行了比对,符合得较好。     

基于Geant4-CST联合仿真的条纹变像管光电子产生与控制

碘化铯（CsI）光电阴极广泛应用于超快诊断中,光电子的空间分布、能量分布、时间分布等与条纹变像管的整体性能有着密切的关联。本文联合粒子仿真软件Geant4和三维电磁软件CST实现了对CsI光电阴极的光电子产生与控制过程的全动态模拟。采用Geant4软件对CsI光电阴极的光电转换过程进行建模,分析了二次电子出射能量、时间、位置、角度等发射特性;通过数据交互,统计了出射光电子的分布规律,然后将其应用于CST中建立阴极发射模型,并在CST中设计出一款弧矢、子午方向上放大倍率皆为2的各向异性聚焦条纹变像管。     

Ep≤63 GeV 质子入射铅、铋引起的中子产生双微分截面的模拟(英文)

加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS) 液态Pb-Bi 散裂靶的设计中,需要可靠的理论计算工具精确地预言几个GeV 能量范围的质子引起的散裂反应产生的各种粒子和核素。利用蒙特卡罗模拟软件包Geant4 计算研究了800 MeV至3 GeV 质子入射铅、铋材料引起的中子产生双微分截面。比较了Geant4 不同物理模型得到的模拟结果与现有的实验数据。其中,Geant4 的QGSP BERT和QGSP INCL ABLA 物理模型模拟结果很好地再现了实验数据。本工作证实了Geant4 蒙特卡罗模拟软件包适合用于能量高达3 GeV 的质子入射铅、铋引起的中子产生双微分截面的模拟计算。A detailed design of the liquid Pb-Bi spallation target of the Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) requires powerful and reliable computational tools that can accurately predict particles and nuclides production by the proton induced spallation reactions in the energy range of a few GeV. In this paper, the neutron production double-differential cross sections for Pb and Bi target materials at incident proton kinetic energies between 800 MeV and 3 GeV are studied by calculations with Monte Carlo simulation package Geant4. The simulated results of Geant4 with several physics models are compared with available experimental data. The simulated results generated by QGSP BERT and QGSP INCL ABLA physics models of Geant4 well reproduce the available experimental data. The present results validated that Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation package is suitable for simulations of neutron production double-differential cross sections of proton induced reaction on Pb and Bi targets in the incident energy range up to 3 GeV.     

Z箍缩诊断系统的触发和抗干扰技术

通过对时间关联信号的筛选、转换和延时等方法建立了用于8 MA脉冲功率装置上Z箍缩实验中诊断设备的触发网络,其输出触发信号与被测X射线之间的时间抖动小于2 ns,满足了纳秒级的诊断时间同步要求。采用屏蔽、接地等有效措施基本消除了放电产生的强电磁环境以及其它杂散信号对触发线缆和诊断设备的干扰,保证了诊断设备的正常工作和实验数据的质量。     

基于Geant4的卢瑟福散射计算机模拟

利用Geant4对卢瑟福散射实验进行仿真模拟,改变模拟过程中的相关参数以达到不同实验条件的要求。对模拟过程中收集的数据进行分析得到的结果符合卢瑟福散射关系式。这说明利用计算机模拟卢瑟福散射实验是可行的。本文中的实验对大学物理实验教学的开展有很大的意义。     

基于Geant4的反应堆临界及动态计算方法

Geant4是一款基于C++面向对象技术的蒙特卡罗开发程序包,可以模拟各种已知粒子与物质之间的相互作用。然而该程序包没有提供临界源功能,无法直接用于反应堆物理计算。因此,利用Geant4提供的基础物理模型和粒子跟踪控制等功能,用两种不同方法实现了临界源的设置,实现了基于Geant4的反应堆静态计算程序G4-RSM和反应堆动态计算程序G4-RDM。两个程序均可用于反应堆临界计算,与MCNP计算结果相对误差在5%以内。G4-RDM程序除可用于临界计算外,还可用于模拟堆内事故工况下的中子学瞬态变化。     

用于中子能谱测量的反冲质子磁谱仪

根据神光-Ⅲ原型内爆实验条件下初级中子能谱诊断的要求,提出了反冲质子磁谱仪原型的设计方案,并通过蒙特卡罗程序Geant4对设计方案进行了仿真模拟。该质谱仪的测量能区在6~30 MeV,测量产额范围大于1012,能够测量内爆实验的全中子能谱。模拟结果表明:设计的谱仪对于14 MeV的中子探测效率大于10-11,能量分辨达到1%,信噪比大于10,满足神光-Ⅲ原型装置内爆实验离子温度诊断的要求。     

用Geant4对相对论电子的动能与动量关系测量实验的模拟与拓展

基于蒙特卡罗方法的Geant4计算机模拟软件平台,对传统的相对论实验进行模拟,实验直观而形象,数据精准可信,有助于学生加深理论知识和实验内容的理解.     

基于Geant4的回旋加速器束流动力学计算

针对回旋加速器的束流动力学设计,基于Geant4模拟研究,提供一种可行的数值模拟方法。通过电磁场仿真软件Opera建立相应的电磁场数据导入到Geant4中进行插值计算,利用Geant4自带的电磁场微分方程与微分方程求解器计算粒子的平衡轨道,振荡频率以及加速轨道。其结果表明:对于横向运动而言,Geant4的计算结果与传统数值方法计算结果趋于一致;对于轴向运动而言,由于磁场插值方法的差异性,二者有一定的区别,对于在加速过程中的非平衡粒子,其能量变化围绕平衡粒子振荡。对于束损,通过限制粒子的运动时间,轴向位移加快计算效率,加入电极碰撞的判定使模拟更趋近实际情况。     

GEANT4 Simulation of the High-Energy Neutron Beam of the TOF Spectrometer GNEIS

Using the Geant4 software package, a numerical simulation of a neutron source of the time-offlight spectrometer GNEIS created on the basis of the SC-1000 synchrocyclotron with 1 GeV proton energy at the NRC Kurchatov Institute—PNPI (Gatchina) has been carried out. The influence of the structural features of the neutron source of the spectrometer on the spatial and energy distributions of neutrons has been studied. The intensity and spectral characteristics of the neutron flux in the range of 1–1000 MeV have been determined on the basis of the obtained information and detailed allowance for all elements of the neutron beam guide system. It is found that the best agreement between the experiment and calculation performed by means of Geant4 is observed when using the QGSP_INCLXX_HP model. In the neutron energy range of 1–200 MeV, the difference between the experimental and calculated shapes of the spectra is less than 25%.     

Neutron spectrometry in compact ignition experiments

Summary The role of neutron spectrometry is discussed as a diagnostics of plasmas of compact ignition experiments. The situation with regard to instrumentation (including diagnostic capabilities and limitations) is reviewed on the basis of existing experience and new solutions are proposed as required by compact-plasma observations. Especially, the question of time resolution is addressed and a dedicated spectrometer system is devised to make use of the high neutron fluxes expected for the nuclear-burn phase of compact plasmas. It is shown that a system of three neutron spectrometers can provide adequate data on ion temperature of D and DT plasmas over a range of plasma conditions of interest and with the required accuracy. The diagnostic output from this neutron spectrometer system is presented especially with regard to flash ignition studies.     

Monte Carlo simulation of fast neutron-induced fission of ~(237)Np

The potential-driving model is used to describe the driving potential distribution and to calculate the preneutron emission mass distributions for different incident energies in the ~(237) Np(n, f)reaction. The potential-driving model is implemented in Geant4 and used to calculate the fission-fragment yield distributions, kinetic energy distributions, fission neutron spectrum and the total nubar for the ~(237) Np(n, f)reaction. Compared with the built-in G4 ParaFissionModel, the calculated results from the potential-driving model are in better agreement with the experimental data and evaluated data. Given the good agreement with the experimental data, the potential-driving model in Geant4 can describe well the neutron-induced fission of actinide nuclei, which is very important for the study of neutron transmutation physics and the design of a transmutation system.     

中子反应总截面测量系统关联不确定度的模拟

在15 MeV电子加速器驱动的白光中子源装置上进行了铍材料的中子总反应截面测量,测量结果与已有实验数据和ENDF/VII.1数据库的评价数据基本符合。为了得到由于加速器束流波动、飞行路径测量、靶厚度测量以及获取系统死时间等引起的测量系统的关联不确定度,利用Geant4模拟软件对整个实验装置、实验过程进行了模拟,经过对模拟中使用的中子反应总截面与模拟计算得到截面的比较分析,得到了实验系统关联不确定度的估计值。在模拟中采用了局部区域增加权重的方法来降低模拟运算时间。对模拟得到的中子飞行时间谱与实验测量得到的飞行时间谱进行了比较,并且对探测器处的中子产额也进行了比较,以此来验证模拟程序的可靠性。     

基于前冲康普顿电子高能伽马能谱测量系统设计

除中子外,聚变核心同时释放大量高能伽马,其能谱可反映聚变过程的关键物理参数,并为过程诊断提供重要信息.由于聚变伽马的时间与能量特性,需要设计高探测效率及能量分辨率的伽马谱仪.根据高能伽马谱仪的概念设计(gamma-to-electron magnetic spectrometer),针对该系统中伽马-电子转换靶、电子偏转汇聚、电子探测等关键环节进行优化设计以提高系统探测效率及能量分辨率.其中采用Monte-Carlo程序Geant4模拟研究了伽马-电子转换靶中康普顿散射与多次库仑散射对由转换靶出射电子的能谱与角分布的影响.开发并行遗传算法对复杂几何偏转磁场参数进行优化,得到低强度(小于100 Gauss)复杂边界偏转磁场.根据系统优化设计结果,采用Geant4模拟了该系统对不同能量伽马的响应.此外,还可模拟该系统对特征聚变伽马能谱的测量,结果显示,该系统可在聚变中子产额分别为2.5×10~(15)及1.2×10~(16)条件下,对10—20 MeV高能伽马能谱测量实现能量分辨分别满足0.5 MeV(小于5%)及0.25 MeV(小于2.5%),说明该系统可用于聚变过程伽马能谱的诊断.     

Evaluation of the neutron background in an HPGe target for WIMP direct detection when using a reactor neutrino detector as a neutron veto system

A direct WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) detector with a neutron veto system is designed to better reject neutrons. The experimental configuration is studied in this paper involves 984 Ge modules placed inside a reactor-neutrino detector. The neutrino detector is used as a neutron veto device. The neutron background for the experimental design is estimated using the Geant4 simulation. The results show that the neutron background can decrease to O(0.01) events per year per tonne of high-purity germanium and it can be ignored in comparison with electron recoils.     

RIBLL终端大面积中子探测器阵列研制方案的理论计算

介绍了一种用于丰中子核研究的RIBLL终端大面积中子探测器阵列的研制.利用Geant4软件包对该探测系统的中子探测效率、时间分辨和位置分布等进行了蒙特卡罗模拟,同时对探测器的cross?talk进行了研究.给出了探测器的设计方案.