一种波束扫描超材料天线的设计

设计了一种结合正方形和八边形环的波束扫描超材料平面反射阵列天线。相比于传统的阵列天线设计,运用了新的相位补偿方法,即通过组合反射阵列单元在介质基板的材料不同时得到的相位曲线实现0~360°的相位补偿,使得阵列单元的相位曲线不需要完全覆盖0~360°,并且采用埃尔米特插值的方式解决相位特性曲线线性度差的问题。该方法的优势是具有广泛适应性,降低了对阵列单元的设计要求。利用这种方法设计了几款单层平面反射阵列天线,仿真结果显示反射波束方向与预期设定值相符合,且副瓣与主瓣都相差至少15 dB。通过调节超材料固态等离子体激励区域的范围即改变阵列单元的谐振结构,实现了空间波束扫描,为平面反射阵列天线的设计提供了一种新思路。     

伸缩式全金属反射阵列扫描天线

提出了一种伸缩式全金属反射单元,在此基础上设计了一个可用于高功率微波领域的全金属反射阵列波束扫描天线。通过反射单元的上下独立滑动,阵列中每个阵元所接收电磁波的传输路径可改变,从而实现了相控波束扫描。由电磁仿真可知,设计的反射单元能够在10～13 GHz的频带范围内实现0～360°的线性相位调节,且可在15°～40°偏馈条件下相位调节时保持高功率容量。由该型单元组成的中心工作频率为10 GHz的伸缩式全金属反射阵列扫描天线具备90°锥角范围内的二维波束扫描能力,功率容量可达5 GW/m2。同时,在波束扫描过程中,天线增益变化小于3 dB,副瓣电平低于?13 dB,最大口径效率为54.59%。     

一种旋转移相式高功率微波反射阵列天线

利用旋转移相技术的几何相位调控方法,提出一种基于传输相位差概念的波束扫描高功率微波反射阵列天线。电磁仿真结果表明,所设计的三叉戟形反射阵列天线单元工作于9.5～10.5 GHz,在0～40°入射角度下具有360°范围内的线性相位调控能力,真空条件下的功率容量达到1.11 GW。采用该单元设计了半径为200 mm的圆形口径反射阵列天线,并使用全波仿真软件进行验证,利用口径相位分布的可重构特性,所设计的反射阵列天线可以实现±40°范围内的波束扫描。在10 GHz时,波束扫描过程中的增益下降小于1.7 dB,最大增益达到31.1 dBi,对应口径效率为73.42%,最低口径效率超过50%,副瓣电平和轴比始终低于-18.7 dB和1.6 dB。     

X波段高功率宽频带双螺旋反射阵列天线的设计

为了提升高功率微波辐射天线的带宽,提出并设计了一种X波段高功率圆极化反射阵列天线,该天线采用喇叭天线作为馈源,阵列天线单元由可旋转金属双螺旋线构成,通过旋转螺旋线可以实现360°的相位补偿,同时反射损耗极小。设计了15×15矩形栅格螺旋反射阵列天线,全波仿真结果表明:该口径为315 mm的阵列天线在中心频点9.3 GHz下,增益为28 dB,轴比为0.53 dB,口径效率为52.6%;在8.5~10.9 GHz的频带范围内增益大于26.8 dB,轴比小于1.14 dB,1 dB增益带宽和40%以上口径效率带宽均大于21%;在真空中所能承受的最大功率约为207 MW。     

高功率宽频比C/X双频反射阵列天线设计

为了满足高功率微波系统对宽频比双频辐射天线的研究需求,提出了一种可工作在C/X双频段的高功率圆极化反射阵列天线。天线单元采用介质埋藏的贴片单元形式,贴片部分由外圈的椭圆环贴片嵌套内圈的椭圆贴片组成,分别实现低频（C波段）和高频（X波段）的辐射。这种嵌套式的单元形式使得天线可以实现较宽的频比,同时由于单元采用无突变结构且单元被埋藏在介质中避免了三相点的出现,从而具有较高的功率容量。高低频段的两种贴片都采用绕轴旋转的方式来调节反射相位,可以在反射损耗较小的基础上满足360°的反射相位调节。基于以上双频辐射单元设计了一个口径尺寸为400 mm×400 mm的20×20矩形栅格排布反射阵列天线,设计结果表明天线在4.3 GHz下的增益为22.2 dBi,口径效率为40.2%,常压空气中的功率容量为10.4 MW;在10.4 GHz下的增益为29.9 dBi,口径效率为40.5%,常压空气中的功率容量为12.2 MW。该天线高低工作频率的频比达到2.4,且具有高效率和高功率容量的特点。     

宽带Ka波段平面反射阵列天线设计

平面反射阵列天线的发展受到了带宽与功率容量两方面限制。为此,本文首先基于多谐振技术提出了一种新型平面反射阵列单元结构,相比于传统单元,所提出单元结构具有功率容量高、剖面低且相移曲线线性度好的特点。其次利用所提出单元,通过优化阵面特性在Ka波段设计了包含20×20个单元的平面反射阵列天线。最后利用电磁仿真软件进行模拟计算,结果显示在中心频点35 GHz处,天线峰值增益为27.58 dBi,口径效率为52.33%,副瓣小于?16.08 dB,并且在30.41～39.64 GHz频率范围内（相对带宽26.37%）天线增益跌落小于3 dB,并且所设计平面反射阵列天线最大功率容量可以达到 13.99 MW,功率密度为218.54 W/mm2。     

C/Ku波段共口径宽角度扫描相控阵天线

设计了一款具有高功率容量与宽角度扫描特性的C/Ku双频段共口径平面相控阵天线。在同一辐射口径内,相控阵天线包含有基于平面偶极子单元的C波段4×4阵列,以及基于混合零阶谐振贴片单元的Ku波段8×9阵列。所设计的相控阵天线的宽角度扫描性能归功于双频段阵元天线的宽波束辐射特性。下层混合零阶谐振贴片天线既能作为Ku波段的宽波束辐射单元,又能够为C波段的偶极子天线提供零反射相位,进而基于镜像原理拓宽偶极子天线的波束宽度。并且,对天线进行了介质埋入式设计,避免了空气击穿以提高天线系统功率容量。全波仿真结果表明,所提出的共口径相控阵天线在C和Ku双频段均实现了±45°的波束扫描,增益波动小于3 dB,天线阵列在各单元输入功率之和为1 W时功率容量达18.9 MW。     

超薄宽带平面聚焦超表面及其在高增益天线中的应用

针对相位梯度超表面在灵活操控电磁波与提高天线增益中的潜在应用,提出一种新型的宽带超表面单元,实现了在较宽频带范围内操控电磁波波前与提高天线增益.本文首先设计了一种圆环十字形对称单元来控制反射波的相移量,单元厚度为1 mm,尺寸为0.3λ_0(λ_0=20 mm),工作频段15—18 GHz,而后验证了由该单元组成的相位梯度超表面在15—18 GHz范围内对电磁波的奇异反射与聚焦特性.最后将设计的反射聚焦超表面应用于提高天线增益中,仿真与测试结果均表明,天线最高增益在15—18 GHz内平均增加了11 d B且-1 dB增益带宽为15—18 GHz(相对带宽为18.2%).由于厚度薄、重量轻、频带宽,设计的该单元拓展了相位梯度超表面在微波领域的应用,有望为高增益天线的实现提供新的方法.     

基于宽波束磁电偶极子天线的宽角扫描线性相控阵列

设计并加工了两款基于宽波束磁电偶极子天线单元的宽角扫描线性阵列.首先,通过加载磁偶极子的方法拓展了天线单元的3-dB波束宽度.然后,基于该宽波束天线单元设计了两款具有良好宽角扫描特性的一维阵列天线.实测结果表明,天线单元的E面方向图3-dB波束宽度在9GHz—12 GHz均大于107°,H面方向图3-dB波束宽度在7GHz—12 GHz均大于178°.E面阵列中心单元的有源驻波比在9GHz—13 GHz小于2,相对阻抗带宽为36.36%.H面阵列中心单元的有源驻波比在9.6GHz—12.6 GHz小于2.5,相对阻抗带宽为27.03%.E面阵列在9GHz—12 GHz可实现±70°的有效宽角扫描.H面阵列在9GHz—GHz可实现±90°的有效宽角扫描.与传统的扫描阵列相比,设计的阵列可实现有效宽带宽角扫描,在X波段相控阵雷达方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

高功率平板波导螺旋阵列天线设计

提出了一种工作在C波段的高功率平板波导螺旋阵列天线。以平板波导馈电,降低了馈电复杂性和馈电结构高度;对基本的电探针结构进行改进,通过控制扇形缝隙的圆心角大小来调整耦合量,并采用上下脊结构消除反射;设计了短螺旋天线结构,通过分离的参数分别优化轴比和反射,得到天线的轴比在?7°～7°的范围内小于0.5 dB;构建了一个20单元的直线馈电阵列,通过电探针结构从平板波导中耦合能量,实现了20单元的等幅馈电。最后仿真了一个工作在4.3 GHz,包含20×20个单元的螺旋阵列天线,结果表明:该天线的增益为31.6 dB,口径效率为74%,在4.11～4.43 GHz的频带范围内反射小于?16 dB,功率容量3.6 GW。     

Enhancement of magnetic field intensity with a left-handed metamaterial tunnel resonator for obstacle sensing

A narrow metal strip inspired by the left-handed metamaterial and sensitive LC resonator structure has been released in this work where the narrow metal strip is presented as a tunnel structure which can enhance electric and magnetic properties. A commercially available electromagnetic simulator CST Microwave Studio is utilized to design and investigate the eSRR (electric split-ring resonator) and tunnelled LC resonator structures. Furthermore, ADS (Advance Design software) is used to determine the scattering parameters of the equivalent circuit. The proposed metamaterial structure is employed as a sensor operating in the C-band (6.88 GHz) of the microwave region, and its sensing properties are tested using glossy paper as an obstacle. The designed metamaterial tunnelling structure exhibits very high sensitivity toward dielectric obstacles at different rotational angles and thus can be potentially used in various sensing applications. The field enhancement effects on sensing application are verified by measured obtained results for eSRR and tunnelled LC resonator structures.     

Phase constant peculiarities of cylindrical zero-index anisotropic metamaterial waveguide

Here, we present the phase constant dependencies of propagating eigenmodes of an open cylindrical anisotropic metamaterial waveguide when the metamaterial permittivity and permeability tensor components may accept values close or equal to zero. Dispersion characteristics of rod and hollow-core waveguides with the radii 0.5, 2.5, and 5 mm at the left-handed polarization of the microwave are shown here. There are unusual shapes of eigenmode dispersion characteristics and anomalous sectors of the characteristics at certain frequencies. The first eigenmode of the rod waveguide with the lowest cutoff frequency is a particularly important mode because it is a single one in the frequency range 1.0?C1.9 GHz, and some small variations on the frequency produce large changes in the phase constant. We can observe packages of dispersion characteristic branches when their cutoff frequencies closed to the metamaterial electric and magnetic plasma frequencies between 1.9 and 3.5 GHz. There are only three modes in the hollow core anisotropic metamaterial waveguide at the frequency range 1.4?C2.8 GHz.     

A design of ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber

In this paper, an ultra-broadband, wide-angle polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber is designed at microwave frequencies. The absorber consists of a periodic array of metallic strips with the lumped resistances fabricated on a dielectric substrate with a ground plane. The proposed absorber is single-layered and symmetric, thus leading to very thin and polarization-insensitive characteristics. According to the surface current distributions, the proposed absorber can operate three resonant modes including two dipole resonances and an LC resonance. By adjusting the geometry and lumped resistances of the structure, three resonant modes can be effectively connected together, and thus an ultra-broadband response can be realized. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed absorber produces a good absorption above 80% at normal incidence and above 60% at oblique incidence with the incident angle smaller than 45° between 6 and 16.2 GHz.     

C波段平面异向介质设计及其后向波特性验证

提出了一种工作在C波段的新型平面结构异向介质，它除了带宽宽和损耗小外，还具有体积小、结构简单的优点，而且能够实现工作频段的平移，频率平移范围为4—20 GHz.基于电磁波由自由空间入射半无限大异向介质平板的传输和反射数据，计算出了电波在其中传播时的相速随频率的变化曲线，结果表明所讨论的异向介质确实在预想的频段上表现出后向波特性；同时利用相位观察法进一步验证了上述的后向波特性，从而肯定了异向介质的存在. 关键词： 异向介质 宽频带 小单元 后向波特性     

Parabolic Split Ring Resonator (PSRR) based MNZ metamaterial with angular rotation for WiFi/WiMax/Wireless/ISM band applications

The engineering in artificial inclusions of metamaterials has immense potential to explore in the field of electromagnetic wave manipulation that created enormous opportunities in the design of millimetre or sub-millimetres structures. In this research paper, Parabolic Split Ring Resonator (PSRR) based MNZ (Mu-Near-Zero) metamaterial with a wider refractive index is introduced for WiFi/WiMax/Wireless/ISM band applications and printing on Rogers RT-5880 lossy substrate with a copper-based metallic structure at 5.8 GHz within the microwave frequency region. The resonant frequency, negative permittivity, near-zero permeability, and negative refractive index are between 5.5-6.3 GHz. This proposed metamaterial structure is analysed with array structures, different substrate material, different orientations, and split gaps.     

宽带超薄完美吸波体设计及在圆极化倾斜波束天线雷达散射截面缩减中的应用研究

为了缩减天线带内雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS), 在双频带完美吸波材料的基础上, 通过缩小两吸波率峰值之间的距离, 设计出了一种频带较宽的超薄完美吸波体.该吸波体由两层金属及其中间的有耗介质组成, 底面金属不刻蚀, 顶面由方形贴片和绕其四周的开口方环组成, 该结构具有低频点LC谐振和高频点偶极子谐振的特征.仿真和实验结果表明: 该吸波体具有极化不敏感和宽入射角的特征, 其在厚度小于0.01λ的条件下, 具有8.2%的半波功率相对带宽, 最大吸波率的峰值为91.6%和96.5%. 将吸波体用于圆极化的倾斜波束 (tilted beam, TB)天线, 仿真和测试结果表明: 该天线在保持增益不变的条件下, 不仅轴比得到改善, 有效带宽得到拓展, 且在5.5–6.5 GHz范围内TB天线的RCS缩减至少在3 dBsm以上, 在谐振频点处最大缩减幅度分别为11 dBsm和8 dBsm; 在两谐振点处鼻锥方向-36°–+36°范围内, TB天线的RCS缩减均有明显效果. 关键词： 超薄完美吸波体 TB天线 雷达散射截面 圆极化     

Dual-band isotropic metamaterial absorber based on near-field interaction in the Ku band

We numerically and experimentally investigate single-band and dual-band isotropic metamaterial absorbers (IMAs) based on metallic disks. By optimizing the diameter of the metallic disks and the thickness of the dielectric substrate, the single-band IMA is observed at 16.2 GHz with absorptivity of 97%. When adding one disk-pair to the structure, the dual-band IMA is obtained at 12.8 and 15.5 GHz due to the symmetry breaking. The physical mechanics is explained by near-field coupling effect and equivalent LC circuit model. The measurement results performed in the range 12–18 GHz show a good agreement with simulation and theoretical analysis. Our findings demonstrate a new approach to achieve dual-band and multi-band IMAs.     

Electric field controlled cohesive symmetric hook-C shape inspired metamaterial for S-band application

In this paper, a split ring resonator (SRR) bounded new cohesive symmetric hook-C shaped unit cell is developed. The metamaterial has 4   ×  4-unit cell array, which is applicable for s-band application for its high bandwidth (S₂₁ < -10 dB) of 0.6 GHz and high effective medium ratio (EMR) 12.78. Commercially available electromagnetic simulator CST (Computer simulation technology) microwave studio has been utilized at 2.93 GHz resonance frequency in this investigation. The electric field of this design is also observed by modifying the design structure that shows effective results. The new developed hook-C shaped metamaterial is fabricated and measured to validate the simulation results, which is eligible for high performance in long distance communications. The proposed metamaterial is highly recommended to apply in Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) system for its highly effective medium ratio and size miniaturization.     

Electromagnetic coupling reduction in dual-band microstrip antenna array using ultra-compact single-negative electric metamaterials for MIMO application

In this paper, an ultra-compact single negative(SNG) electric waveguided metamaterial(WG-MTM) is first investigated and used to reduce the mutual coupling in E H planes of a dual-band microstrip antenna array. The proposed SNG electric WG-MTM unit cell is designed by etching two different symmetrical spiral lines on the ground, and has two stopbands operating at 1.86 GHz and 2.40 GHz. The circuit size is very compact, which is only λ_0/33.6 ×λ_0/15.1(where λ_0 is the wavelength at 1.86 GHz in free space). Taking advantage of the dual-stopband property of the proposed SNG electric WG-MTM, a dual-band microstrip antenna array operating at 1.86 GHz and 2.40 GHz with very low mutual coupling is designed by embedding a cross shaped array of the proposed SNG electric WG-MTM. The measured and simulated results of the designed dual-band antenna array are in good agreement with each other, indicating that the mutual coupling of the fabricated dual-band antenna array realizes 9.8/11.1 d B reductions in the H plane, 8.5/7.9 d B reductions in the E plane at1.86 GHz and 2.40 GHz, respectively. Besides, the distance of the antenna elements in the array is only 0.35 λ_0(where λ_0 is the wavelength at 1.86 GHz in free space). The proposed strategy is used for the first time to reduce the mutual coupling in E H planes of the dual-band microstrip antenna array by using ultra-compact SNG electric WG-MTM.