Al、Nd对Cr12MoV钢表面镍基熔覆层的组织及性能影响

为了解决Cr₁₂MoV钢溶蚀、表面碎裂等问题,利用Al-Ni、Nd-Ni粉末在Cr₁₂MoV钢上进行激光熔覆实验,研究了Al、Nd对镍基覆层的宏微观形貌、组织及表面性能的影响。结果表明:Al可以减少熔覆层裂纹的产生,同时降低覆层硬度,使熔覆层中产生具有减磨作用的硬质相Al₂O₃等,降低覆层磨损量,14%Al覆层磨损量比2%Al的覆层磨损量低44.5%,Al较优质量分数为14%;Nd的晶粒细化作用明显,显著提升覆层显微硬度,2.5%Nd覆层平均硬度比基体平均硬度高36.8%,Nd较优质量分数为2.5%。     

激光熔覆Al2O3/Fe901复合涂层的强化机制及耐磨性

为提高金属材料表面涂层的耐磨性,采用激光熔覆工艺制备了Al_2O_3增强Fe901金属陶瓷复合涂层,研究了Al_2O_3陶瓷增强相对Fe基熔覆层组织与性能的影响。利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪检测了复合涂层的微观组织和物相;采用显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机分析了复合涂层的显微硬度与耐磨性。结果表明:Fe901涂层的组织以柱状枝晶和等轴枝晶为主,添加的Al_2O_3可促使涂层组织转变为均匀的白色网状晶间组织及其包裹的细小黑色晶粒;复合涂层中的Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒表面发生微熔,与Fe、Cr结合生成Fe3Al及(Al,Fe)4Cr金属间化合物,起到增加Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒与金属黏结相结合强度的作用;当Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒的质量分数为10%时,复合涂层的显微硬度较Fe901涂层增加了16.4%,复合涂层的摩擦磨损质量损失较Fe901涂层降低了50%;添加适量的Al_2O_3陶瓷有助于提高涂层的显微硬度及耐磨性。     

快冷熔覆法原位合成大厚度铁基非晶复合涂层的研究

通过水冷提高凝固速率及降低基体金属对熔覆层的稀释,采用改进的钨极惰性气体氩弧熔覆的方法,原位制备了大厚度(1—5 mm)Fe基非晶/纳米晶复合涂层.利用X射线衍射,光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜对涂层成分和组织进行分析,并测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明,采用快冷熔覆的方法可以制备出含有50%以上非晶含量的非晶/纳米晶复合涂层,涂层内纳米晶颗粒表面被非晶过渡层包覆.较厚涂层的显微硬度达到1600HV_0.3,与基体为冶金连接,有良好的结合强度及耐磨性.非晶/纳米晶复合结构使得涂层与基体之间的过渡区具备较强的弹塑性,提高了涂层的抗冲击性. 最后重点讨论了微观结构和性能之间的内在联系,涂层内非晶相与纳米晶相的协同作用是造成涂层高硬度的主要原因. 关键词： 非晶 涂层 熔覆 显微硬度     

激光工艺参数对钛合金表面NiCrBSi合金熔覆层组织及硬度的影响

在TC4合金表面进行了激光熔覆NiCrBSi合金涂层的试验 ,利用SEM和XRD等对熔覆层的微观组织进行了分析 ,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度。结果表明 ,激光工艺参数对熔覆层的组织和硬度有极大的影响 ,随稀释率的增加 ,激光熔覆层中形成了TiB2 和TiC等颗粒增强相 ,熔覆层的硬度明显提高。     

SHS等离子喷涂制备FeAl2O4-Al2O3-Fe纳米复合涂层的研究

利用SHS等离子喷涂技术,将经过机械团聚法制备的Fe2O3-Al复合粉体送入等离子焰流,沉积出厚度约为400 μm的复合涂层.利用XRD,SEM 和TEM等检测手段对涂层的成分和组织进行了分析,测定了涂层的显微硬度、断裂韧性以及耐磨性.结果表明涂层为具有纳米结构的FeAl2O4-Al2O3-Fe纳米复合组织;涂层的显微硬度为HV100g870;断裂韧性是普通Al2O3涂层的2倍;无润滑磨损的耐磨性是普通Al2O3涂层的2.5倍.     

斜齿轮激光熔覆Fe基合金组织与性能研究

采用激光熔覆技术在斜齿轮钢表面制备Fe基熔覆层。通过光学显微镜、显微硬度计对熔覆层进行金相组织与显微硬度分析,采用磨损机对熔覆层和基材进行摩擦实验。结果表明:当激光功率为750W,送粉速率为20g/min,扫描速度10mm/s,离焦量为16.4mm时,铁基熔覆层与基体结合界面有明显的白亮带,激光熔覆效果较好,熔覆层的显微硬度值分布在845.3HV至955.6HV之间,约为基体硬度(419.7HV)2倍;熔覆层摩擦磨损性能得到了提高;熔覆层显微组织为均匀而细小的铁素体和珠光体,力学性能优于基体材质。     

TiN对Co基合金激光熔覆层组织与性能的影响

采用5 kW CO2激光器在低碳钢表面熔覆Co基合金涂层及TiN/Co基合金复合涂层,研究了两种涂层的组织、显微硬度以及滑动磨损性能。结果表明,Co基合金涂层主要组成相为-γCo,-εCo,Cr23C6等,TiN/Co基合金复合涂层组成相为-γCo,-εCo,Cr23C6,TiN和TiC等。Co基合金涂层由发达的-γCo枝晶和其间共晶组织所组成,TiN/Co基合金涂层典型组织为等轴固溶体以及细小的共晶组织。TiN对熔覆层的组织有显著的改善作用,促使其组织细化,树枝晶向等轴晶转化,同时可显著提高Co基合金涂层的显微硬度及耐磨性能。     

激光熔覆NiCrBSi涂层组织及摩擦磨损性能

采用激光熔覆技术在H13钢表面制备了NiCrBSi合金涂层,利用OM,SEM,EDX和XRD等对熔覆层的微观组织进行了分析,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,激光熔覆层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,熔覆层的组织主要由γ-Ni,Cr7C3和CrB等相组成。熔覆层显微硬度在650~850HV之间,明显高于H13钢基体的硬度。摩擦磨损实验表明,在相同的条件下,熔覆层的耐磨性比基体有了明显的提高,磨损体积减少了92.4%。通过对磨损后的试样进行粗糙度测试后表明,涂层具有更平滑的表面。     

激光熔覆Al+SiC涂层对镁合金表面耐磨性能的改性

通过脉冲激光器(Nd-YAG)在AZ91D镁合金基底上熔覆Al+SiC粉体。采用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散谱(EDS)和X-射线衍射测定分析熔覆层的显微组织、化学成分和物相组成。研究表明:Al+SiC涂层主要由SiC,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)及Mg和Al相组成,激光熔覆层与镁合金基底表现出良好的冶金结合。所有样品都具有树枝状结构,且随着SiC质量分数的增大,树枝状和胞状结构的间隔变得更大。熔覆涂层的表面硬度高于基底,并且随着熔覆层中的SiC质量分数的增加而增大,SiC质量分数为40%的熔覆层具有最大的显微硬度,达到180 HV,然而质量分数为10%的熔覆层硬度为136 HV。销盘滑动磨损试验表明,复合涂层中的SiC颗粒和原位合成的Mg_(17)Al_(12)相显著提高了AZ91D镁合金的耐磨损性,其中,SiC质量分数从10%增加到30%过程中磨损体积损失逐渐减少,SiC质量分数在20%~30%时熔覆层具有最好的耐磨性。     

铁基合金激光熔覆层的高温磨损性能

 为提高40Cr钢表面耐磨性,采用预置激光熔覆法在40Cr基体表面制备Fe基涂层,利用HT-500摩擦磨损实验机测定干摩擦条件下,基体和熔覆层的摩擦因数随温度变化的规律。利用表面粗糙度轮廓仪测量磨痕的深度和宽度,SEM观察熔覆层以及磨痕的显微组织形貌,使用HV-1000型显微硬度仪检测基体和熔覆层结合部分的硬度。研究结果表明:熔覆层平均显微硬度值达到373.8HV(0.2);显著高于基体硬度198.4HV(0.2)。在干摩擦条件下,随着温度升高,磨损过程逐渐变平缓,平均摩擦因数降低,磨损率增加,耐磨性下降;在350~400 ℃之间,熔覆层磨损性能优于基体。     

Ni-Co-TiO2 nanocomposite coating prepared by pulse and pulse reversal methods using acetate bath

Ni-Co/nano TiO₂ (Ni-Co-TiO₂) composite coatings were prepared under pulse current and pulse reverse current methods using acetate bath. The microstructure and corrosion resistance of the coatings were characterized by means of XRD, SEM and EIS. Both the Ni-Co alloy and composite coatings exhibited single phase of Ni matrix with face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. The crystal orientation of the Ni-Co-TiO₂ composite coating was transformed from crystal face (2 0 0) to (1 1 1) compared with Ni-Co alloy coatings. The results showed that the microstructure and performances of the coatings were greatly affected by TiO₂ content on the deposits prepared by PC and PRC methods. The microhardness and corrosion resistance were enhanced in the optimum percentage of TiO₂ composite coatings. The PRC composite coatings were exhibited from compact surface, higher microhardness and good corrosion resistance compared with that of the PC composite coating.     

Ti6Al4V合金表面激光沉积复合涂层的组织和性能

为了增强Ti6Al4V钛合金的耐磨性,采用激光沉积制造方法在其表面上制备了以原位生成的TiC颗粒和直接添加的WC颗粒为增强相的耐磨涂层,观察了各涂层的微观组织,并测量了涂层的显微硬度和涂层在室温大气条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明各涂层和基体呈现冶金结合,原位自生的TiC和部分熔化的WC颗粒均能够均匀弥散分布于基体上,由于增强相颗粒的弥散强化及激光沉积组织的细晶强化作用,基材的硬度和耐磨性均得到了提高。原位自生的TiC涂层比WC涂层硬度梯度分布平缓,但耐磨性稍差。     

Influence of annealing treatment on the microstructure and mechanical performance of cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating

In this study, 304 stainless steel coatings were deposited on interstitial-free steel substrate by cold spraying method. The effect of annealing treatment on microstructure, microhardness, ultimate tensile strength and fracture performance of the coatings were studied. The results showed that annealing treatment had made a dominant contribution to heal up the incomplete interfaces between the deposited particles. Both of the microstructure and the mechanical properties have been obviously optimized by annealing treatment. In addition, the coating microhardness decreased from 345 HV_0.2 for the as-sprayed coating to 201 HV_0.2 for the annealed coating. The coating ultimate tensile strength increased from 65 MPa for the as-sprayed coating to 357 MPa for the annealed coating, which resulted from the increase of the metallurgically bonded areas in the coating induced by annealing treatment. Fracture morphology of the coatings also revealed that annealing treatment changed the fracture character of the cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating from brittle type to plastic type.     

碳化钨对激光熔覆高熵合金的影响

为了获得高性能的涂层材料,采用激光熔覆的方法,在Q235钢基体上制备了FeSiCrCoMo高熵合金涂层,并研究了WC对高熵合金涂层的组织和性能的影响。通过金相、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、硬度计、磨损试验机分别研究了添加WC前后涂层的微观形貌、相结构、硬度及磨损性能。结果表明:高熵合金FeSiCrCoMo涂层组织为粗大枝状晶,主要由BCC相和金属间化合物构成,添加WC后,涂层中形成了致密细小的胞状晶,同时BCC相增多,金属间化合物明显减少;添加WC后涂层的硬度明显增强,平均硬度提升了23%,涂层表面平均硬度达到了687HV0.2;WC的添加使得涂层的摩擦系数减小,磨损率减小,耐磨性能提高。     

Microstructure, microhardness and dry friction behavior of cold-sprayed tin bronze coatings

In this paper, two types of tin bronze coatings (Cu-6 wt.% Sn and Cu-8 wt.% Sn) were prepared by cold spray process. The as-sprayed coatings were subjected to a vacuum heat treatment at 600 °C for 3 h. The coating microstructure, microhardness and tribological performance were characterized. The effects of the tin content and the vacuum heat treatment on the microstructure, microhardness and tribological behavior of the coatings were investigated. It is found that the as-sprayed CuSn6 (As6) and CuSn8 (As8) coatings exhibit practically an identical porosity. Meanwhile, As8 presents a higher microhardness than As6. In addition, the increase of the tin content in the powder feedstock leads to a lower wear rate. After a heat treatment, coating porosities are significantly reduced. However, the coating hardness is significantly decreased and the coating presents a much decreased wear resistance. For the as-sprayed coatings, such factors as ploughing and particle delamination could determine the sliding process. The heat treatment results in a distinct modification of the tribological behavior. For the annealed coatings, the adhesion, between the coating and the counterpart, could play a dominant role in the sliding process.     

Morphological, mechanical, corrosion and hydrogen permeation characteristics of Ni-nano-TiO2 composite coating compared to Ni electrodeposited on low carbon steel

Ni and Ni-nano-TiO₂ composite coatings with various amounts of TiO₂ in electrolyte, on low carbon steel, have been prepared from Watts-bath using electrodeposition process. The morphological, mechanical, corrosion and hydrogen permeation characteristics of Ni and Ni-nano-TiO₂ coatings were studied and compared with each other. The results revealed that, existence of nano-TiO₂ particles in Ni matrix improved the microstructure as well as microhardness, whereas increasing particle incorporation from 4.33 to 7.62 vol % concluded to microhardness enhancement. The corrosion behavior of Ni and Ni-nano-TiO₂ composite coatings with various amount of particle content was studied by the anodic polarization curves in 5% H₂SO₄ solution at room temperature. It was seen Ni-nano-TiO₂ composite coatings exhibited higher corrosion resistances comparing to pure Ni coating and corrosion protection improved with increasing nano-TiO₂ in coatings. In addition to the corrosion and engineering properties, comparison of hydrogen permeation characteristics of the Ni coating was made with Ni-nano-TiO₂ composite coating through Devanthan-Stachurski hydrogen permeation test. From the resulting data analysis, Ni-nano-TiO₂ composite coating was seen not only to provide longer life under corroding media, but also reduces greatly the risk of the substrate being exposed to hydrogen permeation when compared to electrodeposited Ni coating.     

Effect of NaAlO2 concentrations on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Al2O3/ZrO2 coatings formed on zirconium by micro-arc oxidation

In this study, Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ composite coatings were prepared on Zr substrates by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in the NaAlO₂-containing electrolytes, and the effect of NaAlO₂ concentration on the microstructure, bond strength, microhardness and corrosion resistance of coatings was systematically investigated. The study reveals that the adequate NaAlO₂ in the electrolyte (>0.2 M) is essential to the formation of needle-like α-Al₂O₃ in the coatings, and the amount of α-Al₂O₃ rises with the increase of the NaAlO₂ concentration. m-ZrO₂ and t-ZrO₂ are present in all of the coatings, but their relative amount largely depends on the amount of Al₂O₃. It is also found that as the NaAlO₂ concentration increases from 0.2 to 0.3 M, the coating becomes denser and thicker, and its bond strength, maximum microhardness and corrosion resistance increases as well. The coating formed at 0.3 M NaAlO₂ demonstrates the highest bond strength of 52 MPa, the maximum microhardness of 1600 Hv_0.2N and the superior corrosion resistance. However, the overhigh concentration of NaAlO₂ (0.35 M) is found harmful to the coating's microstructure and properties.     

Characteristics and heat treatment of cold-sprayed Al-Sn binary alloy coatings

In this study, Al-Sn binary alloy coatings were prepared with Al-5 wt.% Sn (Al-5Sn) and Al-10 wt.% Sn (Al-10Sn) gas atomized powders by low pressure and high pressure cold spray process. The microstructure and microhardness of the coatings were characterized. To understand the coarsening of tin in the coating, the as-sprayed coatings were annealed at 150, 200, 250 and 300 °C for 1 h, respectively. The effect of annealing on microstructure and the bond strength of the coatings were investigated. The results show that Al-5Sn coating can be deposited by high pressure cold spray with nitrogen while Al-10Sn can only be deposited by low pressure cold spray with helium gas. Both Al-5Sn and Al-10Sn coatings present dense structures. The fraction of Sn in as-sprayed coatings is consistent with that in feed stock powders. The coarsening and/or migration of Sn phase in the coatings were observed when the annealing temperature exceeds 200 °C. Furthermore, the microhardness of the coatings decreased significantly at the annealing temperature of 250 °C. EDXA analysis shows that the heat treatment has no significant effect on fraction of Sn phase in Al-5Sn coatings. Bonding strength of as-sprayed Al-10Sn coating is slightly higher than that of Al-5Sn coating. Annealing at 200 °C can increase the bonding strength of Al-5Sn coatings.     

Microstructure and corrosion properties of thick WC composite coating formed by plasma cladding

The thick Ni-coated WC coatings, in a matrix of Nickel-based alloys, were prepared on AISI 1045 steel using plasma cladding equipment. A pre-placed layer of uniform mixture, with different weight fractions of Ni-coated WC powder and Nickel-based alloy powder, on the steel substrate was melted at the high temperature of the plasma jet. The coating composition, microstructure and microhardness were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and microhardness testing. The experimental results show that the metallurgical bond was formed between the coating and substrate. The XRD results show that the coatings contain γ-Ni, carbides (such as M₂₃C₆ and M₇C₃) and boride (such as Fe₂B, Fe₃B phases). SEM shows that all the coatings are crack-free with lower porosity (<1%). It is found that the microhardness and the electrochemical behavior of the coatings are depended on the content of Ni-coated WC powder. The corrosion mechanism for the coatings may be due to the microgalvance corrosion between the phases in the cladding coatings.     

Effect of Ni-to-Fe ratio on structure and properties of Ni-Fe-B-Si-Nb coatings fabricated by laser processing

Ni-Fe-B-Si-Nb coatings have been deposited on mild steel substrates using high power laser cladding process followed by laser remelting. The influence of Ni-to-Fe concentration ratio in (Ni_100−xFe_x)₆₂B₁₈Si₁₈Nb₂ (x = 55, 50, 45 and 40) powders on the phase composition and microstructure is analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning- and transmission-electron microscopies. The microhardness and corrosion resistance properties of the coatings are also measured. The results reveal that amorphous matrix layers are obtained for all coatings. The increase of the Ni-to-Fe ratio can promote the formation of γ(Fe-Ni) phase and decrease the formation of Fe₂B phase and α-Fe phase. The coating with 1:1 ratio of Ni-to-Fe exhibits the highest microhardness of 1200 HV_0.5 and superior corrosion resistance property due to its largest volume fraction of amorphous phase in the coating. Higher or lower than 1:1 ratio of Ni-to-Fe may result in lower amorphous forming ability. However, even that the coating with ratio of 3:2, shows a minimum of microhardness, it shows a better corrosion resistance than other two coatings.