C面蓝宝石抛光液组分优化

本文利用单因素及正交试验探究磨粒种类、抛光液pH值、表面活性剂种类、磨粒粒径对C面蓝宝石化学机械抛光材料去除率的影响,试验结果表明: 采用二氧化硅作为磨粒能得到较高的材料去除率及较好的表面形貌;材料去除率随抛光液pH值的增大呈现先增大再减小的趋势,其中pH值在9附近能得到较好的去除率;材料去除率还随着磨粒粒径的增大而增大;使用三乙醇胺(TEA)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作表面活性剂能得到较高的材料去除率;各试验因素对蓝宝石晶片材料去除率的主次顺序为磨粒粒径、表面活性剂、抛光液pH值;其中当磨粒粒径为50 nm,表面活性剂选CTAB,抛光液pH值为9既能得到较高的材料去除率又能获得较好的表面质量。     

硬盘微晶玻璃基板化学机械抛光研究

利用自制的抛光液对硬盘微晶玻璃基板进行化学机械抛光.研究了抛光压力、SiO2浓度、pH和氧化剂过硫酸铵浓度等因素对材料去除速率MRR和表面粗糙度Ra的影响,系统分析了微晶玻璃抛光工艺过程中的影响因素,优化抛光工艺条件,利用原子力显微镜检测抛光后微晶玻璃的表面粗糙度.结果表明:当抛光盘转速为100 r/min、抛光液流量为25 mL/min、抛光压力为9.4 kPa、SiO2浓度为8wt;、pH=8、过硫酸铵浓度为2wt;时,能够得到较高的去除速率(MRR=86.2 nm/min)和较低表面粗糙度(Ra=0.1 nm).     

不同磨料对蓝宝石晶片化学机械抛光的影响研究

本文制备了几种含不同磨料(SiC、Al2O3不同粒径SiO2)的抛光液,通过纳米粒度仪分析磨料粒径分布,采用原子力显微镜观察磨料的粒径大小.研究了不同磨料对蓝宝石晶片化学机械抛光(CMP)的影响,利用原子力显微镜检测抛光前后蓝宝石晶片表面粗糙度.实验结果表明,在相同的条件下,采用SiC、Al2O3作为磨料时,材料去除速率与表面粗糙度均不理想;而采用含1;粒径为110 nm SiO2的抛光液,材料的去除速率最高为41.6 nm/min,表面粗糙度Ra=2.3 nm;采用含1;粒径为80 nm SiO2的抛光液,材料的去除速率为36.5 nm/min,表面粗糙度最低Ra=1.2 nm.     

影响化学机械抛光4H导电SiC晶片表面质量的关键参数研究

选用二氧化硅抛光液抛光4H导电SiC晶片表面,探究影响SiC晶片表面质量的关键参数,获得更高的去除效率和表面质量.实验结果表明,SiC表面的氧化是氢氧根离子和双氧水共同作用的结果.保持压力不变并增加氢氧根离子或双氧水的含量,SiC表面去除速率先增加后保持不变.在更大的压力下增加氢氧根离子的含量,SiC表面的抛光去除速率进一步增加.通过优化的抛光参数,SiC表面的抛光去除速率达到142 nm/h.进一步研究结果表明,保持化学机械抛光过程中氧化作用与机械作用相匹配,是获得高抛光效率和良好的表面质量的关键.表面缺陷检测仪(Candela)和原子力显微镜(AFM)的测试结果表明,SiC抛光片表面无划痕,粗糙度达到0.06 nm.外延后总缺陷密度小于1个/cm2,粗糙度达到0.16 nm.     

SiC晶片不同晶面的CMP抛光效果对比研究

化学机械抛光(CMP)已被认为是目前实现SiC晶片全局平坦化和超光滑无损伤纳米级表面的最有效加工方法之一,然而SiC晶片的化学氧化反应受其表面极性的强烈影响,从而导致其不同晶面表面原子在CMP过程中的可氧化性以及氧化产物去除的难易程度存在差异.采用K2 S2 O8作为氧化剂、Al2 O3纳米颗粒作为磨粒,对比研究了6H-SiC晶片Si面和C面的CMP抛光效果,并分析不同晶面对其CMP抛光效果的影响机理.结果表明,6H-SiC晶片Si面和C面的CMP抛光效果存在显著差异.6H-SiC晶片Si面的材料去除率在pH=6时达到最大值349 nm/h;相比之下,C面的材料去除率在pH=2时达到最大值1184 nm/h,抛光后的Si面和C面均比较光滑.氧化剂进攻C面上C原子的位阻明显小于其进攻Si面上的C原子的位阻,从而导致C面比Si面具有更高的反应活性和氧化速度.此外,C面上的氧化物比Si面上的氧化物更容易被去除,因此C面比Si面易于获得更高的材料去除率.     

硒化锌的化学机械抛光研究

采用化学机械抛光(CMP)的方法,自制抛光液作为研磨介质,对(50×50×1.5)mm3硒化锌(ZnSe)晶片抛光.通过分析抛光液的pH值、抛光盘转速、抛光液的磨料浓度、压力、抛光时间和抛光液流量等参数对CMP的影响,组合出最佳工艺参数,并通过原子力显微镜和平晶测试方法对最佳工艺参数获得的ZnSe晶片进行测试,实验结果显示,ZnSe晶片抛光后的表面粗糙度Ra为0.578 nm,平面面形误差小于1.8 μm.     

蓝宝石晶片加工中的技术关键和对策

传统的粗磨工艺在加工蓝宝石薄片过程中遇到很大挑战,易于产生崩边、隐裂和碎片等问题.双面金刚石研磨、单面金刚石磨削、双面金刚石研磨垫等新工艺可以解决上述这些问题.在蓝宝石精磨工艺中,细粒碳化硼和金刚石颗粒镶嵌的陶瓷研磨盘配合的双面研磨工艺,可以有效地降低粗磨过程中造成的表面损伤;使用细粒金刚石研磨液的单面铜盘工艺亦是一种有效的精磨工艺.本文对二者的优缺点进行了比较.蓝宝石的抛光速率较慢,一般不超过5～ 10 μm/h.蓝宝石抛光的主流仍是使用二氧化硅抛光液.在二氧化硅抛光液中添加其它细粒磨料或采用氧化铝抛光液等其它方法,仍处于试验阶段.轻压抛光对提高蓝宝石的表面质量非常关键.兆声清洗工艺可以减少蓝宝石表面的微小缺陷,兆声单片清洗工艺尤为有效.     

大直径铌酸锂晶片的化学机械抛光研究

本文采用化学机械抛光方法,以SiO2作为抛光液的研磨介质,对76mm Z切向的铌酸锂晶片的抛光进行了深入的研究.分析了影响铌酸锂晶片抛光效果的因素,通过优化工艺参数,使铌酸锂的表面粗糙度Ra达到0.387nm,平面面形误差小于4μm.     

适用于硅晶体多线切割的线切割液研制

本文通过硅片旋转磨损试验模拟线切割过程,以评价切割液的切割性能。首先,通过对比试验选出线切割液的主要组份;接着,通过正交试验优化各组份的含量并得到最优配方;最后,在相同条件下将最优配方与某市场切割液进行比较。结果表明:自制最优配方切割液MRR为7820 nm/min,Ra为9.12 nm。与市场切割液相比MRR稍低,但表面粗糙度要好。分析原因是由于新配方切割液在分散性和润滑性方面有所提高,而且碱性变强,加大了化学作用,有效的提高了晶片表面质量。     

ZnO改性Al2O3颗粒表面荷电性研究

以硝酸锌、尿素为主要原料,采用均相沉淀法在Al2O3粉体颗粒表面制备了纳米ZnO改性涂层,涂层由5～10 nm的ZnO颗粒组成.宏观电泳测试和Zeta电位分析表明,经ZnO改性前后Al2O3颗粒在水溶液中的表面荷电性能发生了明显的改变,未改性Al2O3的Zeta电位等电点为pH=6.3,而ZnO涂层改性Al2O3颗粒在pH=2.2～12时均显示出荷负电性能.采用XRD、EDS能谱及拉曼光谱等分析测试并结合纳米ZnO的表面晶体结构特征,对ZnO改性Al2O3颗粒表面的负电荷来源进行了探讨.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Investigation of the Mechanism of Influence of Stress Corrosion on the Development of Macroplastic Instabilities of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

Crystallography Reports - Macroscopic jumps of plastic deformation (few percent in amplitude) on creep curves of aluminum–magnesium alloy, caused by a local effect of concentrated solution of...     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

Mechanism of thermal expansion of structural modifications of zinc pyrovanadate

Crystal chemical characteristics of the α and β modifications of Zn₂V₂O₇ are calculated based on in situ high-temperature X-ray measurements. The expansion of the structure is found to be strongly anisotropic up to the negative volumetric thermal expansion of the α-Zn₂V₂O₇ unit cell in the temperature range of 300–600°С, α _V =–17.94 × 10^–6 1/K. The transformations of the “hard” and “soft” sublattices with an increase temperature and at the phase transition are considered in detail. It is shown that the negative volumetric thermal expansion of α-Zn₂V₂O₇ is due to the degeneracy of the zigzag-like shape of zinc–oxygen columns at constant distances between their vertices.     

A SAXS study of kinetics of aggregation of silica sols

SAXS in situ experiments on the evolution of TMOS solutions during hydrolysis and polycondensation lead to power laws with scaling exponents ≈ 2. It is suggested that this could be the result of the polydispersity of the samples and that only an apparent fractal dimension can be obtained in this way. Kinetic studies tend to indicate that agglomeration in the sol is the result of a diffusion-controlled process.