硫脲络合-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定古炉渣中的银、镉、钴、镍

建立硫脲络合–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定古炉渣中的银、镉、钴、镍。样品采用盐酸–硝酸–氢氟酸–高氯酸四酸体系溶解并蒸发至白烟冒尽,用体积分数10%的盐酸溶液溶解残渣至溶液清亮,加入10 mL 50 g/L硫脲溶液进行络合,定容于100 mL容量瓶中,混匀澄清后直接测定溶液中的银、镉、钴、镍。试验优化了灯电流、狭缝、乙炔流量和燃烧器高度等仪器工作条件,探讨了试样溶液的酸度、络合剂硫脲的浓度、共存元素对测定结果的影响。各元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999 0,检出限为0.018～0.031μg/mL,加标回收率为97%～103%,样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.7%～1.8%(n=9)。该方法简便快捷,易于掌握,适合古炉渣样品的快速测定。     

硫代乙酰胺键合硅胶在线选择性固相萃取火焰原子吸收测定环境样品中痕量铜

以制备的硫代乙酰胺键合硅胶为微柱填充材料,建立酸性条件(pH 1 0)下流动注射微柱选择性预富集,0.6 mol/L硫脲溶液洗脱,火焰原子吸收测定环境样品中痕量铜的方法。流动注射在线固相萃取的最佳采样流速为8.0 mL/min;最佳洗脱流速为5.0 mL/min,时间为60 s。在优化的条件下,采样体积为10和50 mL时,线性范围分别为2.0～100.0μg/L和0.5～30.0μg/L;检出限(3σ)分别为0.36和0.07μg/L;富集倍数分别为80和170;相对标准偏差分别为(n=9)3.5%和2.0%。研究了环境样品中常见阴阳离子对测定的干扰。应用于灌木枝叶样品(GBW07602)、标准模拟水样(GBW08608)样品和环境样品中铜的分离与富集,取得满意结果。     

原子荧光光谱法测定固体废弃物——氧化皮中的砷

建立了固体废弃物——氧化皮中砷的测定方法。氧化皮粉末样品经盐酸溶解,在溶液中添加硫脲和抗坏血酸预还原砷,以盐酸(2+98)为载流,硼氢化钠(10g/L)和氢氧化钾(5g/L)混合溶液为还原剂,砷与硼氢化钠、盐酸反应生成砷化氢,砷化氢利用氩气导入石英炉原子化器中原子化,以空心阴极灯为激发光源,测量砷产生的荧光强度。测试氧化皮中砷含量的相对标准偏差为不大于4.8%,检出限为0.12μg/L,回收率为97%～103%,结果准确度较好。方法具有试剂消耗少、快速、检出限低的优点。     

冷原子荧光光谱法测定海产品中痕量镉

建立了氢化物发生-冷原子荧光光谱法测定海产品中镉(Cd)的分析方法,研究了硫脲-抗坏血酸-Co(Ⅱ)体系经KBH4还原产生Cd挥发性组分。对实验条件如载气流速、屏蔽气流速、原子化器高度、硫脲-抗坏血酸浓度、KBH4浓度及HCl浓度等进行了优化。在最优条件下,对海藻、紫菜等海产品中痕量Cd的含量进行测定。本方法中Cd的检出限为0.005μg/L,线性范围为0.02～20.0μg/L,实际样品加标回收率为94%～101%。对海藻和紫菜等国家一级标准物质进行测定,结果与标准值相符。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果中乙撑硫脲残留

建立了水果中乙撑硫脲(Ethylenethiourea,ETU)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经碱性乙腈(1.5%氨水乙腈)振荡提取,弗罗里硅土净化后,以乙腈-0.2%甲酸为流动相,0.4m L/min流速下梯度洗脱,经HSS T3色谱柱分离,在正离子模式下采用多反应监测(MRM)扫描测定,外标法定量。研究表明,ETU在5~200μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;5,20,50μg/L 3个加标水平下,苹果、桃、葡萄、柑橘和香蕉5种基质中乙撑硫脲的加标回收率分别为93.6%~101.4%,91.2%~98.4%,84.6%~95.1%,86.8%~97.9%和79.5%~96.3%;检出限分别为0.08,0.13,0.11,0.23,0.26μg/L;定量下限分别为0.28,0.42,0.37,0.75,0.86μg/L。该方法简便、准确、经济、环保,能够满足水果中乙撑硫脲残留的快速检测要求。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铝合金中痕量砷

建立了测定铝合金中痕量砷HG-AFS分析方法.采用王水溶解样品,在硫脲和抗坏血酸的存在下将As(Ⅴ)还原为As(Ⅲ),以KBH4溶液(20g/L)作为还原剂,HCl(5+95)溶液作为载流,用原子荧光光谱法测定样品中痕量砷.在选定的实验务件下,方法的线性范围为0.05～40μg/L,线性回归方程为,If=108.17+272.49ρ(μg/L),相关系数r=0.9997,检出限0.019μg/L.并与ICP-AES法进行了对照试验.     

水载流-原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中痕量砷、汞

改变原子荧光光谱法以稀酸为载流的进样方式,以水为载流在新型双道原子荧光光谱仪上同时测定了土壤中的痕量砷(As)、汞(Hg).采用王水水浴加热溶解样品,用50 g/L硫脲-抗坏血酸混合溶液预先将砷还原为As(Ⅲ),保持10％(体积分数)以上盐酸浓度,不转移直接定容静置后测定.优化了仪器工作条件,详细考察了以水为载流测定的...     

水为载流-原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中痕量砷、汞

改变原子荧光光谱法以稀酸为载流的进样方式,以水为载流在新型双道原子荧光光谱仪上同时测定了土壤中的痕量砷(As)、汞(Hg)。方法采用王水水浴加热溶解样品,用50 g/L硫脲-抗坏血酸混合溶液预先将砷还原为+3价,保持10%(体积分数)以上盐酸浓度,不转移直接定容静置后测定。优化了仪器工作条件,详细考察了以水为载流测定的可行性,选择了同时测定As、Hg所需的硼氢化钾浓度和盐酸浓度。方法节省了酸试剂用量,操作快速,单个样品测定仅需20s左右。方法检出限As为0.005 mg/kg,Hg为0.0008 mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD%,n=7)在1.0%～7.4%,经土壤国家标准物质和实际样品验证,适合土壤中痕量As、Hg的同时快速测定。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铝合金中痕量锑

铝合金样品用盐酸及硝酸的混合酸溶解,于分取的部分试样溶液中加入碘化钾-硫脲混合溶液后用盐酸(5+95)定容为50 mL,供氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定其中痕量锑。用40 g.L-1碘化钾溶液作为锑(Ⅴ)的预还原剂,40 g.L-1硫脲溶液作为其他可形成氢化物的元素的掩蔽剂,选用20 g.L-1硼氢化钾溶液作为产生锑化氢的还原剂,氢化物发生反应在盐酸(5+95)介质中进行,锑的质量浓度在0.05~50.0μg.L-1范围内与相应的荧光强度呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.016μg.L-1。应用此方法分析了两件铝合金标准样品,测得锑量的结果与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)分别为2.14%和3.16%。     

金的流动注射在线富集-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定

采用流动注射在线PVC尼龙6树脂微柱分离富集电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定地质样品中的痕量金。2mL样品以流速1.85mL/min上柱 ,2g/L硫脲0.2mL以相同速度反向洗脱 ,分析速度为每小时10个样品。方法检出限 (3σ)是0.002mg/L。对Au含量是0.15×10-6 的样品测定10次的相对标准偏差为10.6 %。通过对地质标样和实际样品对照分析证明该法准确可靠。     

垃圾衍生燃料热解半焦气化过程中HCl与H2S析出规律

通过水平管式气化炉和化学吸收法,对比研究了矿化垃圾热解半焦（ARC）和常规垃圾热解半焦（NRC）在水蒸气和CO₂气化过程中腐蚀性气体（HCl和H₂S）的析出特性,考察了气化温度、气化介质类型和流量对腐蚀性气体析出特性的影响。当气化温度升至950℃,ARC在水蒸气气化过程中的碳气化率、HCl和H₂S产率分别为66.1%、100%和74.9%,而其在CO₂气化过程中的碳气化率、HCl和H₂S产率分别为77.8%、100%和2.9%;NRC在水蒸气气化过程中的碳气化率、HCl和H₂S产率分别为98.8%、100%和53.7%,而其在CO₂气化过程中的碳气化率、HCl和H₂S产率分别为100%、96.2%和10.3%。以NRC为原料,考察了水蒸气和CO₂流量对其HCl和CO₂析出特性的影响。NRC的HCl和H₂S产率均随水蒸气流量增加而增加,但当水碳比大于等于3.3时,其促进作用不再明显。NRC的HCl产率随CO₂流量的增加而增加,而H₂S产率随CO₂流量的增加而减小。     

“Stat” methods in continuous flow analysis : Determination of Copper,Iron, Iodide and Hydrochloric Acid

A continuous flow “stat” method is described in which a certain arbitrarily imposed state in the flowing stream is automatically maintained by regulating the rate of flow of one of the components. The electronic system is regulated by measuring a physical phenomenon in the flowing solution. The method is illustrated by the examples of a continuous flow absorptiostat [Fe(III)/S₂O₃^2-/Cu(II)]for determinations of copper(II) (1–10 μg ml^-1), iron(III) (25–250 or 12.5–125 μg ml^-1), as well as for determination of iodide (12.8–128 μg ml^-1). A continuous flow conductostat [HCl/NaOH] for determination of 1–2.5 × 10^-4 M HCl is also described. This analytical technique is intended for automatic continuous monitoring of sample streams.     

Experimental study on the optimization of general conditions for a free‐flow electrophoresis device with a thermoelectric cooler†

With a given free‐flow electrophoresis device, reasonable conditions (electric field strength, carrier buffer conductivity, and flow rate) are crucial for an optimized separation. However, there has been no experimental study on how to choose reasonable general conditions for a free‐flow electrophoresis device with a thermoelectric cooler in view of Joule heat generation. Herein, comparative experiments were carried out to propose the selection procedure of general conditions in this study. The experimental results demonstrated that appropriate conditions were (i) <67 V/cm electric field strength; (ii) lower than 1.3 mS/cm carrier buffer conductivity (Tris‐HCl: 20 mM Tris was titrated by HCl to pH 8.0); and (iii) higher than 3.6 mL/min carrier buffer flow rate. Furthermore, under inappropriate conditions (e.g. 400 V voltage and 40 mM Tris‐HCl carrier buffer), the free‐flow electrophoresis separation would be destroyed by bubbles caused by more Joule heating. Additionally, a series of applications under the appropriate conditions were performed with samples of model dyes, proteins (bovine serum albumin, myoglobin, and cytochrome c), and cells (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The separation results showed that under the appropriate conditions, separation efficiency was obviously better than that in the previous experiments with randomly or empirically selected conditions.     

Development of a continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system: Determination of tin in aqueous environments

The design, construction and optimization studies of a continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system, HG-LIBS, for the determination of tin in aqueous environments is presented. Optimization of the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) signal with respect to carrier gas flow rate, analyte, acid (HCl) and reductant (NaBH₄) concentrations and flow rates was performed by using spectral emission intensity from the neutral Sn(I) line at 284.0 nm under atmospheric pressures. With flow rates of 5.0 mL/min for NaBH₄ and 2.5 mL/min for HCl, optimum NaBH₄ and HCl concentrations were determined as 2.0% (w/v) and 1.0% (v/v), respectively. The hydride generation efficiency of the system was tested for tin hydride, stannane (SnH₄), by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). It was found that higher than 99% of the analyte was released into the gaseous phase. Upon optimization, the minimum detectable Sn concentration was found as 0.3 mg/L in water samples. That corresponds to more than two orders of increase in sensitivity compared to methods that employ common sample introduction techniques in liquids analysis by LIBS. Over 90% recoveries were obtained from spiking experiments with river, tap and drinking water samples. Results illustrate potential use of the continuous flow HG-LIBS system for monitoring of Sn concentrations in aqueous environments.     

HPLC—HG-AFS法测定雄黄中As（Ⅲ）的含量

采用离子交换高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光度法（HPLC—HG—AFS）测定雄黄在水、人工胃液、人工肠液中可溶性As（Ⅲ）的含量．结果发现雄黄在人工胃液及人工肠液中As（Ⅱ）的溶出量均高于在水中As（Ⅲ）的溶出量,从而增加了雄黄对机体的毒性．还研究了色谱分离条件如HCl和KBH4的浓度和流速等,并对检测器参数等实验条件进行了优化,使不同价态无机砷在10min内达到良好的基线分离．     

测定啤酒和白葡萄酒中有机酸的离子排斥色谱法

研究了离子排斥色谱法分离测定啤酒和白葡萄酒中有机酸；选用常见的盐酸溶液作淋洗液，以四丁基氢氧化铵为再生液，考察了淋洗液浓度、流量等因素对分离和测定的影响，对啤酒和白葡萄酒中常见有机酸在阴离子排斥色谱柱上的保留行为进行了系统的研究；通过试验确定最佳的色谱条件为盐酸浓度1．10mmol/L，流量0．80mL/min；四丁基氢氧化铵浓度5.0mmol/L，流量1.10mL/min；并在该条件下，测定了啤酒和白葡萄酒中的有机酸。     

微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱测定啤酒中的铜、锌、铁、锰、硒、锶

建立了微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱(MPT-AES)法测定啤酒中微量元素。考察了微波前向功率、工作气流量、载气流量等参数,确定了MPT-AES法测定各元素的最佳实验条件。在该条件下铜、锌、铁、锰、硒、锶的检出限分别为7ng.mL-1、46ng.mL-1、13ng.mL-1、8ng.mL-1、1.2ng.mL-1、5.6ng.mL-1。相对标准偏差(RSD)均在0.9%～4.8%之间,线性范围分别为0.1～100μg.mL-1、0.5～100μg.mL-1、0.5～100μg.mL-1、0.1～100μg.mL-1、0.01～10μg.mL-1、0.05～100μg.mL-1,加标回收率均在96%～110%之间。     

Determination of S-Carboxymethyl-L-Cysteine, Methylparaben and their Degradation Products in Syrup Preparations

An HPLC method was developed for the determination of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, methylparaben and related compounds in cough syrup preparations. The HPLC operating conditions used were acetonitrile-methanol-water (120:280:600, V/V/V) pH adjusted to 4.0 with 0.1 M HCl, on a 5um Spherisorb ODS2 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm) with a flow rate of 1 mL min^–1. The injection volume was 10 L and absorbance was monitored at 210 nm with 0.05 a.u.f.s. sensitivity.     

Dynamic capacity and mass transfer for removal of Na+ by a composite hydrated antimony pentoxide-organic ion exchanger

The removal of Na⁺ by a composite hydrated antimony pentoxide-sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde ion exchanger (C-HAP) from 4M HCl was studied using the breakthrough technique. The dynamic removal capacity for Na⁺ from 4M HCl is 12.3 mg Na⁺/g and 9.87 mg Na⁺/g at 0.2 ml/min and 0.8 ml/min, respectively. Height equivalent to a theoretical plate varies almost linearly with flow rate indicating particle diffusion control.     

Study of Spectral Character of Alkali Metals Using Microwave Plasma Torch Simultaneous Spectrometer

IntroductionIn the past decades, alkali metals were widely ap-plied in many fields, such as applied catalysis[1,2],surface science[3,4], and molecular biology[5]. Micro-wave plasma torch(MPT), developed and improved byYu and coworkers[6,7], is a novel dev…