CO_2激光雷达及其应用

本文从ＣＯ＿２激光雷达的优点、种类、原理及其关键技术进行了阐述，并对ＣＯ＿２激光雷达在巡航导弹上的应用进行了介绍。     

连续波化学氧碘激光器O_2（~1Δ_g）／Ⅰ_2最佳配比的理论分析与实验研究

通过对连续波ＣＯＩＬ小信号增益的分析得到，对连续波ＣＯＩＬ，Ｏ＿２（￣１Δ＿ｇ）／Ⅰ＿２存在最佳配比；实验结果表明：Ｏ＿２（￣１Δ＿ｇ）／Ⅰ＿２最佳配比约为５０～６０。通过建立一维预混模型，进一步研究了ＣＯＩＬ小信号增益以及—维空间分布依赖于Ｏ＿２（￣１Δ＿ｇ）／Ⅰ＿２配比的变化规律，当ｇ＿ｍＬ＿ｅ值依赖于Ｏ＿２（￣１Δ＿ｇ）／Ⅰ＿２配比（约４０～６０）而取极大值时，ＣＯＩＬ系统处于最佳工作状态。     

连续波化学氧碘激光器O_2（~1Δ_g）／Ⅰ_2最佳配比的理论分析与实验研究

通过对连续波ＣＯＩＬ小信号增益的分析得到，对连续波ＣＯＩＬ，Ｏ＿２（￣１Δ＿ｇ）／Ⅰ＿２存在最佳配比；实验结果表明：Ｏ＿２（￣１Δ＿ｇ）／Ⅰ＿２最佳配比约为５０～６０。通过建立一维预混模型，进一步研究了ＣＯＩＬ小信号增益以及—维空间分布依赖于Ｏ＿２（￣１Δ＿ｇ）／Ⅰ＿２配比的变化规律，当ｇ＿ｍＬ＿ｅ值依赖于Ｏ＿２（￣１Δ＿ｇ）／Ⅰ＿２配比（约４０～６０）而取极大值时，ＣＯＩＬ系统处于最佳工作状态。     

邻巯基氧化吡啶双齿配位的钴化合物的￣（1）HNMR研究

对四种单核钴化合物Ｃｏ（ｍｐｏ）＿３·ＣＨ＿３ＣＮ（Ⅰ），ＣＯ（ｍｐｏ）＿２ＰＢｕ＿３（Ｄ），Ｃｏ（ｍｐｏ）＿２Ｐｙ（Ⅲ）和Ｃｏ（ｍｐｏ）＿２Ｐｙ＿２（Ⅳ）的￣１ＨＮＭＲ作了研究，讨论了它们的分子结构与磁性及电子结构之间的关系，确认化合物（Ⅱ）在ＤＭＳＯ溶液中被解离为Ｃｏ（ｍｐｏ）＿２和ＰＢｕ＿３，而其它三种化合物仍保留着固态结构。     

钠米Al＿（2）O＿（3）块体材料在可见光范围的荧光现象

对不同温度退火未掺Ｃｒ的纳米结构Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３块体的荧光谱进行了系统的研究。结果表明，在纳米级勃母石，η－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３和γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３试样中均观察到两个宽的荧光带（ｐ＿１和ｐ＿２带），它们的波数范围分别为２００００—１４５００和１４５００—１１５００ｃｍ￣（－１）。ｐ＿１带可归结为纳米Ａｌ＿Ｏ＿３，本身所含的微量Ｃｒ￣（３＋）离子产生的荧光，这与前人报道的掺Ｃｒ的Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３结果一致，ｐ＿２带为未曾见报道的新的荧光带。本文重点对ｐ＿２带出现的条件及其机制进行了比较详细的讨论。     

KH_2PO_4和（CH_3NHCH_2COOH）_3CaCl_2在高压下的状

在活塞圆筒式Ｐ～Ｖ关系测量装置上，研究了ＫＨ＿２ＰＯ＿４（ＫＤＰ）和（ＣＨ＿３ＮＨＣＨ＿２ＣＯ－ＯＨ）＿３ＣａＣＩ＿２［Ｔｒｉｓ－ｓａｒｃｏｓｉｎｅｃａｌｃｉｕｍｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ（ＴＳＣＣ）］在室温下、４．５ＧＰａ内的ｐ～Ｖ关系。实验结果表明：ＫＤＰ在２．１ＧＰａ左右有一个相变；ＴＳＣＣ在０．８ＧＰａ和３．２ＧＰａ左右各有一个相变。本工作还给出了它们在相变前后的状态方程，以及它们的格临爱森参数γＯ、体积模量Ｂ＿ｏ和Ｂ＿ｏ的压力导数Ｂ＿ｏ。     

高T_c氧化物超导体的元素替代效应（Ⅲ）

本文是同题系列文章的第三部分。主要总结了几种特殊元素替代效应的有关最新结果，包括如ＹＢＣＯ单晶体ＣｕＯ＿２平面和Ｃｕ－Ｏ链Ｃｕ位的３ｄ过渡族元素替代，（Ｙ，Ｐｒ）Ｂａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿（７－δ）的问题，阳离子替代和氧的化学计量比的改变而引起的各向异性物性的改变，氧化物超导体超晶格和电子型超导体（Ｎｄ，Ｃｅ）＿２ＣｕＯ＿４系列的元素替代效应及其与空穴型超导体的比较。最后详细讨论了费密液体图像失效的Ｌｕｔｔｉｎｇｅｒ液体理论和有关高温超导体元素替代效应的一些推论。     

相干多普勒测风激光雷达

 鉴于多普勒测风激光雷达在航空航天、遥感遥测、气象观测等军事及民用领域中的广泛应用,结合相干探测工作原理,介绍了国外几种典型波段相干多普勒测风激光雷达系统,重点分析了激光发射机/接收机、空间扫描、数据处理等关键技术,并对相干多普勒激光雷达的广阔应用前景进行了展望。指出国内相干多普勒测风激光雷达研究已取得的一些重要进展。     

用￣1H NMR法研究［Co（Xacac）＿2（Me－en）］ClO＿4的重氢化

应用￣１ＨＮＭＲ技术推定了新合成的二（３－取代Ｘ基－２，４－戊二酮）．Ｎ－甲基乙二胺合钴（Ⅲ）配合物：［Ｃｏ（Ｘａｃａｃ）＿２（Ｍｅ－ｅｎ）］ＣｌＯ＿４（Ｘ＝ＣＨ＿３、Ｃｌ、ＮＯ＿２）的Δ（Ｒ）∧（Ｓ）和Δ（Ｓ）∧（Ｒ）异构体的空间构型，测定了各配合物异构体手性配位氮原子上的重氢化速率常数ｋ＿Ｄ值（３４．０℃）．结果表明，取代基Ｘ对ｋ＿Ｄ值有着显著影响。     

CO_2焊接短路过渡过程的动态分析─短路液桥的动态变化与力学测算

ＣＯ＿２气体保护焊接是一种高效、节能和低成本的焊接方法，在钢结构焊接生产中得到了广泛的应用。但也存在着诸如：金属飞溅、焊缝成形较差等问题，要解决这些问题，必须首先对ＣＯ＿２焊接过程的电弧形态以及熔滴变化情况从理论上深入分析研究。本文以高速摄影与光线示波器同步进行拍摄，记录了ＣＯ＿２悍接短路过渡中熔滴的长大、缩颈、脱落的全过程以及相对应的电流电压波形。利用影片数据分析处理系统对所得影片及记录波形进行了分析处理，得到了熔滴过渡形成金属液桥爆断瞬间的最大电流值及所受合力的大小。从理论上更进一步研究了短路过渡的机理，建立了短路过渡的模型，这对正确调节焊接工艺规范，保证焊接质量具有重大的指导意义，研究结果表明：在常规短路过渡ＣＯ＿２焊接中，抑制飞溅是提高ＣＯ＿２焊接质量的关键，利用焊接规范来调节短路频率和短路峰值电流是抑制飞溅的主要途径。     

中子深度分析反演算法研究

针对中子深度分析技术,研究几类反演算法：概率迭代法、奇异值分解求解最小二乘法、线性正则化方法及约束线性正则化法.开展相关数值实验,分别在欠定方程、超定方程情况下,对反演算法的结果进行比较.一般情况下几种算法都能得到较为理想的结果,概率迭代法和约束线性正则化法由于有迭代过程,因此在离子源强度发生阶跃处得到的结果并不理想.在超定方程情况下,当选取的反演范围较为随意时,线性正则化方法可能使得解的稳定性较差,而约束线性正则化法能够很好地抑制求解过程中的不稳定性.对实际测量能谱进行反演时,由于能谱有随机误差,线性正则化方法不能很好地抑制误差的影响,反演结果振荡较强,其余方法的结果与参考值符合很好.     

示差光谱分析在作物残体腐解研究中的应用

采用示差光谱法对玉米叶片残体腐解过程进行了研究,并与常规谱进行了比较。结果表明,用示差光谱可以省去从腐解有机物中除去无机物的纯化过程,得到的红外光谱清晰可辨。     

A novel collision free WDM optical switching network

To avoid burst collision in OBS-WDM ring network, a novel scheme called Estimated Traffic based Longest Queue First (ETLQF) has been proposed. In it, the scheduler considers both the queue length and the incoming traffic. The scheduler can adjust the queue lengths in advance to cater to the incoming traffic, targeting to reduce cell loss ratio (CLR) and improve the buffer utilization. The simulation results show that the ETLQF in OBS ring networks not only reduces CLR by 10-60%, but also achieves high throughput while saving 65% of wavelengths, when compared to conventional schemes with only destination delay.     

外部光注入的光泵浦自旋垂直腔表面发射激光器中的两个混沌偏振分量对两个复杂形状目标中的多区域精确测距

基于外部光注入的光泵浦自旋垂直腔表面发射激光器(vertical cavity surface-emitting laser,VCSEL)的两个混沌偏振分量,提出了对两个复杂形状目标中的多区域精确测距方案.这里,两个混沌偏振探测波具有飞秒量级快速动态并且被双极性sinc波形调制,使它们具有时空不相关特性.利用这些特性,通过计算多束延时反馈混沌偏振探测波形和与之相对应的参考波形的相关性,实现了对两个复杂形状目标多区域位置矢量精确测量.研究结果表明,对多区域小目标的测距具有非常低的相对误差(低于0.94%).当光电探测器的带宽足够大时,其测距的分辨率达到0.4 mm,并具有很强的抗噪声能力.本文的研究结果在复杂形状目标的精确测距方面具有潜在应用.     

In Vitro Assessment of Tobacco Smoke Toxicity at the BBB: Do Antioxidant Supplements Have a Protective Role?

Background

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has a key role in migraine pathophysiology and is associated with activation of the trigeminovascular system. The trigeminal ganglion, storing CGRP and its receptor components, projects peripheral to the intracranial vasculature and central to regions in the brainstem with Aδ- and C-fibers; this constitutes an essential part of the pain pathways activated in migraine attacks. Therefore it is of importance to identify the regions within the brainstem that processes nociceptive information from the trigeminovascular system, such as the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) and the C1-level of the spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the distribution and relation between CGRP and its receptor components - calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) - in human and rat STN and at the C1-level, using a set of newly well characterized antibodies. In addition, double-stainings with CGRP and myelin basic protein (MBP, myelin), synaptophysin (synaptic vesicles) or IB4 (C-fibers in general) were performed.

Results

In the STN, the highest density of CGRP immunoreactive fibers were found in a network around fiber bundles in the superficial laminae. CLR and RAMP1 expression were predominately found in fibers in the spinal trigeminal tract region, with some fibers spanning into the superficial laminae. Co-localization between CGRP and its receptor components was not noted. In C1, CGRP was expressed in fibers of laminae I and II. The CGRP staining was similar in rat, except for CGRP positive neurons that were found close to the central canal. In C1, the receptor components were detected in laminae I and II, however these fibers were distinct from fibers expressing CGRP as verified by confocal microscopy.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the detailed expression of CGRP and its receptor components within STN in the brainstem and in the spinal cord at C1-level, and shows the possibility of CGRP acting postjunctionally in these areas putatively involved in primary headaches.     

Influence of patterning fluctuation on read/write characteristics in discrete track and bit patterned media

The read/write characteristics of non-patterned media (NPM), discrete track media (DTM), and bit patterned media (BPM) are examined by modeling the magnetization distribution of NPM and patterning fluctuation of DTM. By comparing spin-stand measurement with calculation, the magnetization distribution of NPM was well characterized with a new Voronoi cell magnetic cluster model, in which the cluster size at the track edge, 〈D_edge〉, was larger than that at the track center, 〈D_center〉 by a factor of two. Based on an analysis of patterning fluctuations seen in SEM images of DTM, line-edge roughness (LER) was modeled as a long-wavelength center-line roughness (CLR) plus a short-wavelength line-width roughness (LWR). It was confirmed that the standard deviation of the patterning fluctuation was much smaller than that of the magnetic fluctuation for NPM. This allowed DTM to achieve higher off-track performance than NPM. By examining the 747 curves, it was revealed that DTM could have an advantage in track-density of up to approximately 25% assuming patterning fluctuations can be well controlled at high track density. In BPM, fabricating accurate dots is essential. The relationship between dot defect rate and patterning fluctuation was examined, and the maximum allowable standard deviation of LER was derived as 2 nm for achieving 1 Tbspi.     

Hand gesture pointing location detection

Gesture recognition has been implemented in many systems for different purposes. The way it is used can be different from system to system. Few used them as touch objects using sensors while few use them as pointing object where the camera is in front of the hand, but the location is being pointed by human, can be detected only if the camera is behind that person. This paper presents an automatic system to detect the location on the wall where the user is currently pointing by his hand. This is done with the detection of head and both hands. The shoulders and elbows’ locations are identified using geometry analysis to understand the current gesture of the human and finally the direction where user hand is pointing would be detected. The face was detected using Haar classifier and shoulders were estimated using the rectangle method near the head. This method does not work in poor illumination conditions and is made to detect only one person at a time. Also user is supposed to wear half sleeve or sleeveless shirt for the better segmentation.     

基于机器视觉的西林瓶尺寸检测

在西林瓶生产过程中,尺寸是一项重要的产品质量判断标准,与传统的西林瓶尺寸人工检测方法相比,基于机器视觉的自动检测具有巨大优越性。为实现西林瓶尺寸的检测,提出了一种基于机器视觉的西林瓶尺寸检测方案,设计了系统的图像采集和背光源照明方案,通过中值滤波对图像进行去噪,利用对图像像素点的运算算法,对图像的灰度进行了校正变换,增强图像的对比度,采用Canny算子成功提取西林瓶边缘,在HALCON平台下实现了西林瓶尺寸测量。设定系统标定方法并选取15个2mL样品西林瓶进行测试,结果表明,该方法对西林瓶尺寸检测快速准确,边缘量化精度达到了亚像素级别,检测精度为0.02mm,满足西林瓶生产的参数测量精度要求,为工业生产产品尺寸的自动检测提供了一种有效的新途径。     

共振拉曼光谱技术应用综述

拉曼光谱是提供物质结信息的强有力工具。但由于拉曼散射信号弱,灵敏度低,因此应用范围受到限制。而在共振拉曼光谱(RRS)中,由于激发光源频率落在分子的某一电子吸收带内,分子吸收光子向电子激发态的跃迁变成了共振吸收,因此对入射光的吸收强度大大增加。与常规拉曼光谱相比,RRS能够提高信号强度的106倍。因此,RRS检测技术以其更高的灵敏度和选择性而具有更广的应用,特别是在生物学及医学等领域。如：(1)生物基质中的类胡萝卜素和叶绿素等色素分析;(2)细胞、蛋白质和DNA等有机物研究以及一些临床疾病诊断。RRS可以得到在常规拉曼光谱中隐藏的、更为重要的分子结构信息。RRS总是在很低的浓度下测试,且共振拉曼增强的谱线是属于产生电子吸收的基团,这对于有色物和生物样品尤为重要。因为很多这类样品的活性部位接近于生色基团,且研究对象往往是生物大分子的某一部分,所以在研究生物物质的结构和功能的关系时,RRS起着重要作用。近年来,由于光谱技术的发展使得RRS检测技术得到创新与延伸,如液芯光纤共振拉曼光谱和透射共振拉曼光谱等新技术的应用。通过对近几年有关RRS技术应用的原始论文、数据和主要观点进行归纳整理与分析提炼,介绍了RRS这一专题的历史背景和研究现状,分别对共振拉曼光谱的色素检测、生物检测和爆炸物检测等应用领域展开详细的综述,并介绍了相关新技术的发展应用。随着光谱技术的快速发展,RRS必将在科研领域拥有其他光谱技术不可取代的重要地位。     

一种适用于玻璃生产线的瑕疵检测算法

以一个基于线阵CCD的玻璃生产线检测系统为硬件平台,重点研究了玻璃瑕疵的检测算法。首先提出了卡尔曼滤波器跟踪背景光强变化的方法,利用瑕疵在时间轴上造成的灰度突变来识别瑕疵的到来与结束,然后通过形态学的方法对瑕疵点的坐标进行定位,最后将玻璃瑕疵的位置坐标及其图像送至上位计算机进行分类处理。本文的算法已经固化于FPGA构成的实时处理系统中,实现了精度高达0.1mm的玻璃瑕疵实时检测。