Al-TiO2-B2O3反应体系中B2O3/TiO2摩尔比对热扩散反应合成铝基复合材料磨损性能的影响

利用Al-TiO2-B2O3体系热扩散反应合成(XD)法制备了铝基复合材料;采用销-盘摩擦磨损试验机考察了所制备的铝基复合材料在干摩擦条件下同GCr15钢配副时的磨损性能;采用扫描电子显微镜和光学金相显微镜观察分析了复合材料微观组织结构及其磨损表面和剖面形貌,探讨了其磨损机理.结果表明:所制备的铝基复合材料的磨损性能随Al-TiO2-B2O3反应体系中B2O3/TiO2摩尔比的增加而提高;复合材料的磨损质量损失随着滑动速度的增加而增加,当滑动速度为0.9 m/s左右时最大,随后开始减小;磨损质量损失与滑动距离基本呈线性关系.当B2O3/TiO2摩尔比为0.0时,增强相由Al2O3和Al3Ti组成,相应的复合材料的抗磨性能较差,其磨损主要表现为Al3Ti的犁沟切削、亚表层剥落、塑性基体流失导致Al2O3颗粒裸露脱落以及Al3Ti棒断裂导致的磨粒磨损;加入B2O3后,棒状Al3Ti的数量减少,有利于基体晶粒细化,提高复合材料强度和塑性,故抗磨性能提高.当B2O3/TiO2摩尔比为1.0时,复合材料中的Al3Ti基本消失,抗磨性能显著改善,主要磨损机制为粘着磨损和轻微磨粒磨损.     

SiC与球形石墨颗粒混杂增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

以6092铝合金为基体,通过粉末冶金法分别制备了球形石墨颗粒(Gr)以及SiCp和Gr混杂增强的铝基复合材料,并采用田口模型结合方差分析,对复合材料与铜合金摩擦副之间的干滑动摩擦磨损行为进行了分析研究. 结果表明:随着载荷从10 N增至20 N,3种复合材料的摩擦系数、磨损率均相应增加;随滑动速率从0.5 m/s增至1.0 m/s,15%Gr/6092Al和(5%Gr+20%SiCp)/6092Al的摩擦系数先减小后增大;而(5%Gr+10%SiC_p)/6092Al的摩擦系数呈递减趋势. 相同条件下,单一石墨颗粒增强的复合材料的磨损率大于混杂增强的复合材料的磨损率. 方差分析的结果表明:增强相百分比单独作用、增强相百分比和滑动速率相互作用以及滑动速率单独作用3个因素对磨损率和摩擦系数产生了显著的影响. 随SiC_p含量增加,材料硬度增加,SiC_p对基体起到支撑保护作用,磨损面上的磨痕变浅,分层剥落现象明显减轻,磨屑变得细小,摩擦系数更为稳定,磨损机制由剥层磨损向磨粒磨损转变.      

增强颗粒对铝基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用自制的摩擦磨损试验机考察了增强颗粒对铝基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：在基体合金、陶瓷颗粒尺寸和体积分数相同的条件下,SiC增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能优于Al2O3增强铝基复合材料;增大颗粒尺寸或增加颗粒体积分数均使得SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的平均摩擦系数略有降低,耐磨性能提高;在与半金属摩擦材料配副时,颗粒增强铝基复合材料的摩擦系数与基体合金的相近,耐磨性能提高了3个数量级。     

短纤维取向对Al_2O_(3f) C_f/ZL109复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用挤压铸造法制备了 Al2 O3 f Cf/ZL10 9短纤维混杂金属基复合材料 ,并利用统计学方法对比研究了在滑动速度 0 .837m/s、载荷 196 N条件下纤维取向对该混杂复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响 .结果表明 :在纤维平行取向和垂直取向时 ,该混杂复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数均服从正态分布 ;平行取向情况下磨损率均值大于垂直取向下的磨损率 ,而摩擦系数均值小于垂直取向 ;纤维垂直取向有利于复合材料耐磨性能的提高 ,2种取向下复合材料的主要磨损机制均为犁沟磨损     

碳纤维增强聚醚砜复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用销－盘磨擦磨损试验机考察了聚醚砜及其复合材料在干滑动摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：碳纤维使聚醚砜的摩擦磨损性能得到明显的改善,春改善程度同碳纤维的长度和体积分数相关;当碳纤维的体积分数约为１５％时,聚醚砜复合材料的摩擦系数及比磨损率最低;添加固体润滑剂可以使复合材料的摩擦磨损性能得到进一步改善;随着温度及外载荷的变化,摩擦系数及比磨损率表现出不同的变化趋势。     

氧化铝纤维含量对Al2O3f＋Cf／ZL109混杂复合材料耐磨性能的影响

利用挤压铸造法制备了Al2O3f Cf/ZL09短纤维混杂金属基复合材料，并探讨了炭纤维体积分数为4％时，Al2O3纤维含量变化对该复合材料耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：随着Al2O3体积分数增加，复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐增大，复合材料从轻微磨损到急剧磨损的临界转变载荷大幅度提高，并随Al2O3含量的增加而逐渐增大；在临界载荷以下，影响复合材料磨损率的Al2O3含量临界值为12％，当Al2O3含量低于临界值时复合材料磨损表面无明显剥落，而当Al2O3含量超过临界值后，复合材料磨损表面存在大量的剥落坑，磨损率增大。     

短纤维取向对Al2O3f＋Cr／ZL109复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用挤压铸造法制备了Al2O3f Cf/ZL109短纤维混杂金属基复合材料，并利用统计学方法对比研究了在滑动速度0．837m/s、载荷196N条件下纤维取向对该混杂复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：在纤维平行取向和垂直取向时，该混杂复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数均服从正态分布；平行取向情况下磨损率均值大于垂直取向下的磨损率，而摩擦系数均值小于垂直取向；纤维垂直取向有利于复合材料耐磨性能的提高，2种取向下复合材料的主要磨损机制均为犁沟磨损。     

载电条件下铬青铜／纯铜摩擦副摩擦磨损性能研究

考察了纯铜销试样和铬青铜QCr0．5盘试样摩擦副在载电条件下的滑动摩擦磨损性能，并初步探讨了摩擦磨损机制．结果表明，电流对铬青铜／纯铜摩擦副的滑动干摩擦行为具有显著影响，随着电流增加，销试样的磨损率增加，摩擦系数增大，摩擦表面塑性流动和粘着加剧．     

Cu—纳米TiB2原位复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了Cu-纳米TiB2原位复合材料在滑动干摩擦条件下的磨损行为.结果表明:载荷和滑动速度对纳米TiB2颗粒原位增强Cu基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能有重要影响;随着载荷的增加,Cu-纳米TiB2原位复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数增大;由于在较高载荷下发生表面开裂,TiB2增强相含量较高的原位复合材料的磨损由轻度磨损向严重磨损转化;在中等载荷下,表面保护性氧化膜和基体中纳米TiB2相使复合材料具有良好的抗软化能力,Cu-纳米TiB2原位复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数随着滑动速度的增加而降低;在较高滑动速度下,复合材料的主要磨损机制为塑性流变和氧化磨损.     

纳米Al2O3填充环氧树脂复合材料的摩擦学性能

研究了干摩擦条件下纳米Al2O3微粒含量及其表面改性处理对环氧树脂基复合材料滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明，经过表面化学接枝处理后，少量的纳米Al2O3(体积分数约0．24％)即可大幅度提高环氧树脂的摩擦磨损性能，起到显著的减摩和耐磨作用．复合材料的热变形稳定性、显微硬度及磨损表面形貌分析结果表明，对纳米Al2O3微粒进行适当的表面处理有利于加强纳米微粒同基体树脂的结合，从而改善复合材料的摩擦学性能．     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.