96孔板法用于高通量血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂体外检测

为在体外迅速检测血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂( ACEI)的抑制活性,选用96孔板,以呋喃丙烯酰三肽(FAPGG)为模拟底物,通过检测血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)酶解FAPGG生成N-[3-(呋喃)丙稀醇酰-2-苯丙氨酸( FAP)和双甘氨肽(GG)后340 nm处吸光值的下降衡量ACE的活性,采用加入ACEI前后ACE的活性变化衡量ACEI的活性.考察了不同缓冲体系、Cl-浓度、ACE酶活性(ACE酶浓度)、缓冲体系的pH值等对上述检测模型反应体系的影响,建立了高通量降血压肽活性体外检测方法,本方法最多可同时检测96个样品的ACE抑制活性,上机分析时间仅需10 s.不同批次活性平行测定的相对标准偏差均小于0.001％,p=0.667＞0.05,各测定结果无显著差异,重现性好,精密度较高.采用本方法测定了商品血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂Captopril的IC50值为16.19 nmol/L,与文献报道的测定结果一致.     

高活性燕麦蛋白源ACE抑制肽的制备、纯化及结构鉴定

利用胰蛋白酶水解燕麦蛋白制备了高血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme, ACE)抑制活性的燕麦蛋白酶解物, 分别采用离子交换色谱、凝胶过滤色谱和反相高效液相色谱等分离手段从酶解物中分离出一种新的强活性ACE抑制肽, 其IC50值为77.3 μmol/L; 通过基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间串联质谱对其进行结构鉴定, 其氨基酸序列为Glu-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg.     

反相液相色谱-串联质谱法鉴定油菜蜂花粉中的蛋白质及活性肽

基于鸟枪法蛋白质组学分析方法,使用反相液相色谱-串联质谱（RPLC-MS/MS）系统分析油菜蜂花粉蛋白质的胰蛋白酶酶解产物,结合数据库检索,共鉴定到353条肽段。鉴定到的肽段所归属的蛋白质中有239个蛋白质可检索到其分子生物学功能,主要功能为结合活性、酶活性、运输活性、抑制活性等。根据血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）抑制肽活性与多肽构效之间的关系,从鉴定到的肽段中筛选并适当修饰后得到5条可能具有ACE抑制活性的肽段,化学合成肽段后进行了活性验证。结果表明5条肽段均具有良好的活性,其中肽段AELDIVLALF和LAVNLIPFP表现出较高的ACE抑制活性,半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为（10.65±0.50）μmol/L和（23.66±1.08）μmol/L。该方法速度快,成本低,大大缩短了鉴定周期,达到了高通量筛选生物活性肽的目的。     

靶向亲和-液相色谱-质谱联用技术快速筛选黄藤总生物碱中乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂

采用靶向亲和-液相色谱-质谱联用技术(Target molecule affinity-LC-ESI-MSn)快速筛选黄藤总生物碱中能够抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的成分,共筛选出12种具有潜在抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性成分,并鉴定了6种成分,分别为黄藤素(Palmatine)、小檗碱(Berberine)、药根碱(Jatrorrhizine)、巴马汀红碱(Palmatrubine)、7,8-二氢-8-羟基小檗碱(7,8-Dihydro-8-hydroxyberberine)、Groenlandicine,结合体外酶学实验对这6种化合物进行了活性验证实验.结果表明,黄藤素抑制活性最强,其抑制作用强于阳性对照药盐酸多奈哌齐,说明黄藤素具有开发成抗阿尔茨海默症药物的潜力.本方法简单、快速、准确地从复杂的中药提取物中筛选出具有抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的成分,适用于复杂体系中的高通量筛选.     

绍兴黄酒中ACE活性抑制肽的分离分析

首次将绍兴黄酒中的肽类组分进行大孔吸附树脂柱层析和高效凝胶过滤色谱以及反相色谱的多步提取纯化与抑制血管紧张素转换酶（AcE）活性试验,并首次利用基体辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间串联质谱分析和液相色谱-电喷雾电离四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱联用分析鉴定出黄酒中4种ACE活性抑制肽的氨基酸序列为：VEDGGV、PST、NT和LY。     

溶剂诱导相变萃取-分光光度法测定血管紧张素转化酶活性

在传统体外测定血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性方法的基础上, 以猪肺ACE粗提物为酶源, 采用溶剂诱导相变萃取法(SIPSE)萃取酶反应产物马尿酸(HA), 用分光光度法快速定量测定HA以评估ACE活性或样品对ACE的抑制活性. 以卡托普利为模型验证了此方法, 并分别测定了中药复方天麻钩藤饮及其含有的11味中药对ACE的抑制活性. 结果表明, 猪肺ACE粗提物即可满足ACE抑制活性测定的需要; 与传统液液萃取法相比, SIPSE对HA具有更高的选择性及萃取能力, 萃取率为(97.47±0.55)%(n=3); 通过计算校正, 溶剂诱导相变萃取-分光光度法能简便、 快速且准确地测定成分复杂体系的ACE抑制活性.     

亲和毛细管电泳技术及其应用

对近几年新发展起来的亲和毛细管电泳技术（ACE）的原理、分类及方法作了简要介绍,着重介绍了亲和毛细管区带电泳、毛细管亲和凝胶电泳、胶束电动色谱中的亲和电泳、亲和毛细管等电聚焦、亲和探针毛细管电泳等过程和方法。对ACE在分子生物学、生物化学中的应用及该技术在亲和常数测定、核酸片段识别、竞争免疫分析、药物先导化合物的筛选等方面的应用也作了介绍。     

亲和色谱中配基的筛选与应用

亲和配基的选择与筛选是发展新的亲和色谱填料或构建一个新的亲和色谱体系所必须解决的首要问题。该文结合作者所在实验室的工作,对配基的选择、筛选与应用方面的一些进展进行了简要评述。作者所在实验室针对特定蛋白质和多肽的多肽亲和配基的筛选,开展了反义肽简并性的研究,发展了基于反义肽的组合化学筛选新方法。与常规的组合合成法相比,该方法简单、快捷、有效,极大地减小了合成和筛选的工作量,降低了筛选后亲和组分结构鉴定的难度。所建立的筛选策略已应用于流感病毒、严重急性呼吸道综合征(SARS)病毒亲和抑制剂的筛选和用于人β-干扰素测定的石英晶体微天平（QCM）生物传感器的构建,均取得了有意义的结果。     

反相高效液相色谱/基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱 分离鉴定螺蛳血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽

运用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)对酶解螺蛳腹足肌得到的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽进行两步分离提纯,第一步主要得到8个组分;选取其中活性最高的组分进一步分离,得到2个组分,其中活性较高组分的ACE半抑制浓度为43.5 μmol/L,基本为单一肽组分。对提纯的组分分别使用高效液相色谱/电喷雾离子质谱法(HPLC/ESI-MS)和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF MS)进行分析,同时结合氨基酸组成分析结果,最终得到的肽链一级结构为Lys-Glu-Ile-Trp(KEIW),符合已知的高活性ACE抑制肽的结构规律。经过对两种方法分析过程的比较,认为ESI-MS可以得到多方面的信息,但无法确定肽的序列;MALDI-TOF MS可以得到精确的二级质谱图(m/z精确至0.0001),从而可以得到确定的肽的序列。     

基于多元线性回归的血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽定量构效关系建模研究

利用氨基酸结构描述符SVHEHS分别对血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme,ACE)竞争性抑制二肽、三肽、四肽序列表征后,建立结构与活性的多元线性回归(MLR)模型。ACE抑制二肽模型的相关系数、交叉验证相关系数、均方根误差、外部验证相关系数分别为0.851、0.781、0.327、0.792;三肽模型分别为0.805、0.717、0.339、0.817;四肽模型分别为0.792、0.553、0.393、0.630。研究表明,运用该描述符建立的ACE抑制肽MLR模型拟合、预测能力均较好,能较好解释ACE抑制肽的活性与结构间的关系。     

交联血管紧张素转化酶聚集体的制备及性质

制备了交联血管紧张素转化酶聚集体（ACE-CLEAs）,比较了ACE-CLEAs及游离ACE的酶学性质,包括最适酶促反应温度、最适pH值、Km、vmax、温度稳定性及pH稳定性等。 以酶活力回收率为参考,确定了制备ACE-CLEAs的最佳条件为：饱和度为80%的(NH4)2SO4溶液作为沉淀剂,沉淀时间0.5 h,质量分数为0.02%的戊二醛作为交联剂,交联时间1 h。 通过比较酶学性质发现,ACE-CLEAs比游离ACE具有更好的温度稳定性及pH稳定性,且与游离ACE接近的Km值表明,ACE-CLEAs对底物的亲和力与游离酶几乎相当。     

Purification of angiotensin‐converting enzyme from human plasma and investigation of the effect of some active ingredients isolated from Nigella sativa L. extract on the enzyme activity

In the present study, one‐step purification of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE, peptidyldipeptidase A, EC 3.4.15.1), responsible for regulation of blood pressure, was achieved using affinity chromatography from human plasma. The enzyme was purified 12,860‐fold with a specific activtiy of 5080 EU/mg protein. Optimum temperature and pH were determined for the enzyme as 35–40°C and pH 7.4–7.5, respectively. The purity of ACE was determined by SDS–PAGE and the enzyme showed two bands at 60 and 70 kDa on the gel. The native molecular weight of ACE was found to be 260 kDa by gel filtration chromatography, demonstrating that the enzyme has a heterodimeric structure. Natural fatty acids of Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) were isolated by means of column chromatography. The structures of these compounds were determined using NMR and GC‐MS. The results showed that high concentrations of linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were isolated from the plant. The effect of six fractions (Fr 1–6) on ACE activity was examined. Fraction 3 increased the ACE activity while the other fractions decreased the enzyme activity. The concentrations of the fractions inhibiting the half‐maximum activity of the enzyme were calculated as 1.597 mg/mL for Fr 1, 0.053 mg/mL for Fr 2, 0.527 mg/mL for Fr 4, 0.044 mg/mL for Fr 5 and 0.136 mg/mL for Fr 6 using a Lineweaver–Burk graph.     

毛细管胶束电动色谱法测定血管紧张素转化酶的活性

 建立了应用毛细管胶束电动色谱 (MECC)灵敏、快速的测定血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE)活性的方法。通过对电压、上样时间、电极缓冲液体系等影响因素的优化 ,探讨了方法的可行性 ,确立了最佳测定条件 (电压 :8 1kV ;上样时间 :1s;电极缓冲液 :2 0mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲液 (pH 9 0 ,含 5 0mmol/LSDS) ;检测波长 :2 2 8nm)。方法的最低ACE活性检测限为 5pmol/min(以 2倍的信噪比计 )。     

新型血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂: 氮杂三肽类似物的合成及结构活性关系

设计与合成一系列氮杂三肽类似物, 测定了氮杂三肽类似物对血管紧张素转化酶的体外抑制活性, 探讨了它们的结构与抑制活性之间的关系, 结果表明氮杂丙氨酸是丙氨酸很好的替代物。     

Development of a fast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry screening method for angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in complex natural mixtures like snake venom

A new robust high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS)‐based screening method for angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibiting substances in crude samples is described. The ACE assay is carried out in a typical offline setup by incubation of the samples with ACE and angiotensin I (AI), followed by stopping the reaction with acetonitrile containing val⁵‐AI serving as internal standard (I.S.). AI and the product angiotensin II (AII) are extracted from the incubation mixture by turbulent‐flow chromatography (TFC) applied in backflush mode as online solid‐phase extraction and are directly quantified by ESI(+)‐MS. The presence of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) is detected by an increase in AI signal intensity and a corresponding decrease of AII signal, as compared to the blank assay. The overall time of analysis of the TFC/ESI‐MS method was 5 min, thus making the described setup suitable for a rapid screening method. The assay was validated using a known ACE inhibitor and the IC₅₀ values found were in good accordance with a common HPLC/UV method and literature data. The method was successfully applied for the screening of size‐exclusion chromatography fractions of the venom of the pitviper Bothrops moojeni. Three of 18 analyzed fractions inhibited ACE, due to peptides present as components of this snake venom. These compounds were extracted from the two most‐active fractions by means of TFC and isolated by means of HPLC. Three peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were characterized and their structures were elucidated with ESI‐MS/MS‐based de novo sequencing to be ZKWPPGKVPP, ZKWPRPGPEIPP and ZNWPRPGPEIPP, respectively (Z = pyroglutamic acid). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of peptide-based captopril analogues on angiotensin converting enzyme activity and peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) regulates the blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II and bradykinin to bradykinin 1-7. These two reactions elevate the blood pressure as angiotensin II and bradykinin are vasoconstrictory and vasodilatory hormones, respectively. Therefore, inhibition of ACE is an important strategy for the treatment of hypertension. The natural substrates of ACE, i.e., angiotensin II and bradykinin, contain a Pro-Phe motif near the site of hydrolysis. Therefore, there may be a Pro-Phe binding pocket at the active site of ACE, which may facilitate the substrate binding. In view of this, we have synthesized a series of thiol- and selenol-containing dipeptides and captopril analogues and studied their ACE inhibition activities. This study reveals that both the selenol or thiol moiety and proline residues are essential for ACE inhibition. Although the introduction of a Phe residue to captopril and its selenium analogue considerably reduces the inhibitory effect, there appears to be a Phe binding pocket at the active site of ACE.     

Studies on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. VI. Synthesis and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities of the dicarboxylic acid derivative of imidapril and its diastereoisomers.

All possible diastereoisomers of the dicarboxylic acid (10a), the biologically active form of imidapril (1), were synthesized, and their inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was examined. The in vitro ACE inhibitory activity of these compounds greatly depended on the configurations of the three asymmetric carbons in each molecule. The (S,S,S) isomer (10a) showed much more potent activity than the others.