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1.
采用疏水纳米粉体压片法和岩心吸附法构建了具有微纳米结构的表面,测试了这些表面的接触角,拍摄了水滴在吸附纳米粒子的岩石表面的滚动过程照片,采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)检测了表面的微结构.实验结果表明:无机纳米粒子经弱疏水性材料修饰后,其表面润湿性由强亲水变为强疏水;疏水纳米粒子吸附表面的接触角均大于120°,滚动角约7°,显示出超疏水特性;SEM照片显示,这些超疏水表面是具有不规则微纳米结构的气固复合面,符合Cassie-Baxter的复合表面模型.
关键词:
超疏水
纳米粒子
微纳米结构表面
接触角 相似文献
2.
We report on the formation of superhydrophobic surfaces on glass by plasma polymerization with non-polar aromatic hydrocarbon, at atmospheric pressure, in an in-line process. The glass was simply treated by radio frequency (RF) plasma with a mixture of toluene and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The hydrophobicity of the sample surfaces increase with increasing plasma treatments; contact angles of 150° for water droplets are achieved. It is attributed mainly to its high content of non-polar hydrophobic phenyl groups and its rough surface. 相似文献
3.
The formation mechanism of the contact angle and the sliding angle for a liquid drop on a solid surface plays an important role in producing hydrophobic surfaces. A new half soakage model is established in this paper as a substitute for Wenzel (complete soakage) and Cassie (no soakage) models. The model is suited to many solid surfaces, whether they are hydrophilic or hydrophobic, or even superhydrophobic. Based on the half soakage model, we analyse two surfaces resembling lotus, i.e. taper-like surface and corona-like surface. Furthermore, this new model is used to establish a quantitative relationship between the sliding angle and the parameters of surface morphology. 相似文献
4.
A multiscale molecular dynamics approach to contact mechanics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The friction and adhesion between elastic bodies are strongly
influenced by the roughness of the surfaces in contact.
Here we develop a multiscale molecular dynamics approach to
contact mechanics,
which can be used also when the surfaces have
roughness on many different length-scales, e.g.,
for self affine fractal surfaces.
As an illustration we consider the contact between randomly rough surfaces,
and show that the contact area varies linearly with the load for
small load.
We also analyze the contact morphology and the pressure distribution
at different magnification, both with and without adhesion.
The calculations are compared with analytical contact mechanics
models based on continuum mechanics. 相似文献
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6.
Nano-structured polyurethane/organoclay composite films were fabricated by dispersing moisture-curable polyurethanes and fatty amine/amino-silane surface modified montmorillonite clay (organoclay) in cyclomethicone-in-water emulsions. Cyclomethicone Pickering emulsions were made by emulsifying decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) and aminofunctional siloxane polymers with water using montmorillonite particles as emulsion stabilizers. Polyurethane and organoclay dispersed emulsions were spray coated on aluminum surfaces. Upon thermosetting, water repellent self-cleaning coatings were obtained with measured static water contact angles exceeding 155° and low contact angle hysteresis (<8°). Electron microscopy images of the coating surfaces revealed formation of self-similar hierarchical micro- and nano-scale surface structures. The surface morphology and the coating adhesion strength to aluminum substrates were found to be sensitive to the relative amounts of dispersed polyurethane and organoclay in the emulsions. The degree of superhydrophobicity was analyzed using static water contact angles as well as contact angle hysteresis measurements. Due to biocompatibility of cyclomethicones and polyurethane, developed coatings can be considered for specific bio-medical applications. 相似文献
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Modification of unsaturated polyester resins (UP) and reinforced UP resins via plasma treatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Unsaturated polyester resins (UP) and reinforced composite unsaturated polyester resins (RCP) were made superhydrophobic by plasma assisted methods. Both CF4-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CF4-PECVD) and alternative method were tested. The surfaces were characterized by water contact angle (CA) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water contact angle results indicated that CF4-PECVD can significantly improve the wettability of UP surfaces, but suffer from difficulties for RCP surfaces. Alternatively, O2 plasma followed by self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was tested. It was shown that regardless of the filler percentage, O2 plasma followed by self-assembly of OTS monolayer formation all led to superhydrophobic surfaces. The results provided a means to improve the wettability of reinforced UP resins (RCP). 相似文献
9.
In this paper, a complete literature review for thermal contact between fixed and periodic contacting surfaces and also thermal contact between exhaust valve and its seat in internal combustion engines is presented. Furthermore, the effects of some parameters such as contact pressure, contact frequency, the contacting surfaces topography and roughness, curvature radius of surfaces, loading–unloading cycles, gas gap conductance and properties, interface interstitial material properties, surfaces coatings and surfaces temperature on thermal contact conductance are investigated according to the papers presented in this field. The reviewed papers and studies included theoretical/ analytical/experimental and numerical studies on thermal contact conductance. In studying the thermal contact between exhaust valve and its seat, most of the experimental studies include two axial rods as the exhaust valve, and seat and the one ends of both rods are considered at constant and different temperatures. In the experimental methods, the temperatures of multi-points on rods are measured in different conditions, and thermal contact conductance is estimated using them. 相似文献
10.
The stability of four different hydrophobic surfaces in contact with water is assessed and discussed: H-terminated silicon, hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) coated silicon, silicon surfaces covered with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and gold surfaces modified with SAMs of alkanethiols. Changes in hydrophobicity and surface oxidation were determined by contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM. 相似文献
11.
Superhydrophobic surfaces, with a liquid contact angle theta greater than 150 degrees , have important practical applications ranging from self-cleaning window glasses, paints, and fabrics to low-friction surfaces. Many biological surfaces, such as the lotus leaf, have a hierarchically structured surface roughness which is optimized for superhydrophobicity through natural selection. Here we present a molecular dynamics study of liquid droplets in contact with self-affine fractal surfaces. Our results indicate that the contact angle for nanodroplets depends strongly on the root-mean-square surface roughness amplitude but is nearly independent of the fractal dimension D(f) of the surface. 相似文献
12.
《Comptes Rendus de l''Academie des Sciences Series IV Physics》2001,2(5):739-747
The wear behaviour of an austenitic stainless steel is analysed using a tribometer working in pressurised high temperature water (PHTW). The precise contact conditions, low pressure impact and sliding contacts, play an important role on the surface wear in this corrosive medium. The tests which include both impact and sliding are the most severe. The friction films formed during these tests are compared with those obtained with pure oxidation. It is shown that these films participate in the formation of elongated ‘indents’ observed on the surfaces. Nano-indentation measurements consolidate this hypothesis. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2007,68(5-6):841-845
This study was carried out to quantify the effect of an alkali-modified surface on the bone–implant interface formation during healing using an animal model. A total of 24 screw-shaped, self-tapping, (c.p.) titanium dental implants, divided into test group B—implants with alkali-modified surface (Bio surface) and control group M—implants with turned, machined surface, were inserted without pre-tapping in the tibiae of three beagle dogs. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 5 and 12 weeks and the bone–implant contact (BIC%) was evaluated histometrically. The surface characteristics that differed between the implant surfaces, i.e. specific surface area, contact angle, may represent factors that influence the rate of osseointegration and the secondary implant stability. The alkali-treated surface enhances the BIC formation during the first 2–5 weeks of healing compared to the turned, machined surface. 相似文献
14.
Hierarchical micrometer-nanometer-scale binary rough structures were fabricated on copper substrates by electrochemical machining in a neutral NaCl electrolyte. The rough structures are composed of the micrometer scale potato-like structures and the nanometer scale cube-like structures. After modified by the fluoroalkylsilane, the copper surfaces reached superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 164.3° and a water tilting angle less than 9°. This method has a high processing efficiency which can take just 3 s to fabricate the roughness required by the superhydrophobic surface. The effect of the processing time on wettability of the copper surfaces was investigated in this paper. The possible mechanism of the formation of the hierarchical roughness was also proposed, and the wettability of the copper surfaces was discussed on the basis of the Cassie-Baxter theory. 相似文献
15.
Wetting behaviour of several plasma sprayed oxide surfaces were characterised using contact angle measurements. Since surfaces contained pores and cracks, the evaluation of wetting angles led only to rough estimation of surface free energies. In order to find out the effect of atmospheric contamination the wetting behaviour of plasma-etched surfaces was followed as a function of time.It was found out that the sample preparation method had great influence on the contact angle of plasma sprayed oxide surfaces. The contact angle of plasma-etched surfaces increased when the surfaces were exposed to air. The probable reason for that was adsorption of low surface free energy contaminants to the sample surfaces. 相似文献
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微小液滴在不同能量表面上的润湿状态对于准确预测非均相核化速率和揭示界面效应影响液滴增长微观机理具有重要意义. 通过分子动力学模拟, 研究了纳米级液滴在不同能量表面上的铺展过程和润湿形态. 结果表明, 固液界面自由能随固液作用强度增加而增加, 并呈现不同液滴铺展速率和润湿特性. 固液作用强度小于1.6的低能表面呈现疏水特征, 继续增强固液作用强度时表面变为亲水, 而固液作用强度大于3.5的高能表面上液体呈完全润湿特征. 受微尺度条件下非连续、非对称作用力影响, 微液滴气液界面存在明显波动, 呈现与宏观液滴不同的界面特征. 统计意义下, 微小液滴在不同能量表面上铺展后仍可以形成特定接触角, 该接触角随固液作用强度增加而线性减小, 模拟结果与经典润湿理论计算获得的结果呈现相似变化趋势. 模拟结果从分子尺度为核化理论中的毛细假设提供了理论支持, 揭示了液滴气液界面和接触角的波动现象, 为核化速率理论预测结果和实验测定结果之间的差异提供了定性解释. 相似文献
18.
We report a study of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) growth of bis[3(triethoxysilane)propyl]tetrasulfide (Tetrasulfide) on low dielectric constant (low-k) aromatic hydrocarbon SiLK whose surface chemistry was modified using sulfuric acid, He plasma treatment, and N2 plasma treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra show that there is no detectable growth of Tetrasulfide SAM on untreated SiLK surfaces. After the SiLK surfaces have been treated with sulfuric acid, He plasma, or N2 plasma, the original chemically inert polymer surfaces are functionalized with polar groups resulting in a significant improvement of their wettability, which is confirmed by their reduction of water droplet contact angles. The introduction of polar functional groups thus facilitates the formation of Tetrasulfide SAM on the polymer surfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis shows an insignificant change in the surface morphology after the growth of Tetrasulfide SAM on the chemically modified SiLK surfaces. Quantitative XPS analysis also showed that Tetrasulfide SAM growth is more prominent on He and N2 plasma treated surfaces than those treated by sulfuric acid. 相似文献
19.
Oscillatory sliding contact between a rigid rough surface and an elastic–plastic half-space is examined in the context of numerical simulations. Stick-slip at asperity contacts is included in the analysis in the form of a modified Mindlin theory. Two friction force components are considered – adhesion (depending on the real area of contact, shear strength and interfacial adhesive strength) and plowing (accounting for the deformation resistance of the plastically deformed half-space). Multi-scale surface roughness is described by fractal geometry, whereas the interfacial adhesive strength is represented by a floating parameter that varies between zero (adhesionless surfaces) and one (perfectly adhered surfaces). The effects of surface roughness, apparent contact pressure, oscillation amplitude, elastic–plastic properties of the half-space and interfacial adhesion on contact deformation are interpreted in the light of numerical results of the energy dissipation, maximum tangential (friction) force and slip index. A non-monotonic trend of the energy dissipation and maximum tangential force is observed with increasing surface roughness, which is explained in terms of the evolution of the elastic and plastic fractions of truncated asperity contact areas. The decrease of energy dissipation with increasing apparent contact pressure is attributed to the increase of the elastic contact area fraction and the decrease of the slip index. For a half-space with fixed yield strength, a lower elastic modulus produces a higher tangential force, whereas a higher elastic modulus yields a higher slip index. These two competing effects lead to a non-monotonic dependence of the energy dissipation on the elastic modulus-to-yield strength ratio of the half-space. The effect of interfacial adhesion on the oscillatory contact behaviour is more pronounced for smoother surfaces because the majority of asperity contacts deform elastically and adhesion is the dominant friction mechanism. For rough surfaces, higher interfacial adhesion yields less energy dissipation because more asperity contacts exhibit partial slip. 相似文献
20.
G. Carbone M. Scaraggi U. Tartaglino 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2009,30(1):65-74
The authors have employed a numerical procedure to analyse the adhesive contact between a soft elastic layer and a rough rigid
substrate. The solution to the problem, which belongs to the class of the free boundary problems, is obtained by calculating
Green’s function which links the pressure distribution to the normal displacements at the interface. The problem is then formulated
in the form of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind with a logarithmic kernel. The boundaries of the contact area
are calculated by requiring the energy of the system to be stationary. This methodology has been employed to study the adhesive
contact between an elastic semi-infinite solid and a randomly rough rigid profile with a self-affine fractal geometry. We
show that, even in the presence of adhesion, the true contact area still linearly depends on the applied load. The numerical
results are then critically compared with the predictions of an extended version of Persson’s contact mechanics theory, which
is able to handle anisotropic surfaces, as 1D interfaces. It is shown that, for any given load, Persson’s theory underestimates
the contact area by about 50% in comparison with our numerical calculations. We find that this discrepancy is larger than
for 2D rough surfaces in the case of adhesionless contact. We argue that this increased difference might be explained, at
least partially, by considering that Persson’s theory is a mean-field theory in spirit, so it should work better for 2D rough
surfaces rather than for 1D rough surfaces. We also observe that the predicted value of separation is in agreement with our
numerical results as well as the exponents of the power spectral density of the contact pressure distribution and of the elastic
displacement of the solid. Therefore, we conclude that Persson’s theory captures almost exactly the main qualitative behaviour
of the rough contact phenomena. 相似文献